The rate of employees represented by unions has been declining since 1983, and reached a historic low in 2023 with 11.2 percent of employees represented. Employees represented by unions are not necessarily union members themselves, rather, their jobs are covered by a union or an employee association contract. The rate of union membership can be found here.

Union membership has been declining since 1983, and reached a historic low in 2024. There was a slight rise in 2020, but this has been attributed to union members being less likely to lose their jobs during the COVID-19 pandemic. In 2024, the rate of union membership declined again to 9.9 percent. Despite this constant decline, the number of workers represented by a union increased in 2023.

In 2024, Hawaii had the highest rate of union membership among its working population, with 26.5 percent being a union member. The least unionized state was South Dakota, with a rate of 2.7 percent.

The share of workers in the United States who are members of labor unions has been on the decline since 1983. While rates of union membership have gotten closer between men and women, the rate of male union membership has declined more drastically than that of women. In 2024, **** percent of working men were union members compared to *** percent of women.

This study utilizes time-series data from 1897-2005 to explore the positive and negative effects of rivalry between labor unions. Utilizing econometric factors, it also investigates how competition from rival union federations and independent unions affects union density. Variables include counts of pro-labor and pro-management unfair labor practice cases adjudicated by the National Labor Relations Board, competitor union membership ratio and number ratio, the annual percentage change in union density, and the percentage change in the density of AFL/AFL-CIO membership. Other variables include the percentage of United States House members who belong to the Democratic Party, the percentage of popular votes in presidential elections that favored Socialist or Communist parties, core employment and unemployment, the consumer price index (CPI), and the labor union historical periods: Western Labor Union (WLU), Industrial Workers of the World (IWW), Trade Union Unity League (TUUL), Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO), American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations (AFL-CIO), and Change to Win (CTW).

The rate of union membership in the United States has been on the decline since 2000 across all races and ethnicities. The Black and African American working population has maintained the highest rates of union membership. Between 2023 and 2024, Asian workers saw the largest increase in the rate of union membership, increasing from *** percent to *** percent. The total number of union members in the United States can be found here.

While union membership has been on the decline nationwide since 2000, the agricultural industry has seen a recent increase. The industry has had low rates of union membership compared with averages across all industries. In 2000, around nine percent of workers were members of unions compared to 2.6 percent of agricultural workers. However, in 2024 only six percent of U.S. workers were union members compared with 1.2 percent of agricultural workers.

Labor unions, or trade unions as they are known in Europe, are organizations formed by workers in order to represent their collective interests, particularly in relation to wages and working conditions. Historically, labor unions emerged during the industrial revolution of the nineteenth century to represent the interests of industrial workers, who flocked to work in factories, mines, and other growing manufacturing enterprises. In most high-income countries, labor unions reached their peak during the post-WWII period, when governments mediated between the interests of labor unions and the owners of capital. With the economic crises of the 1970s, however, the labor movement suffered historic defeats in Europe and North America, with union density declining rapidly in many countries due to a host of pro-market and anti-union policies which have come to be referred to as 'neoliberalism'. Labor unions today In the twenty-first century, labor unions have retreated from their key role in national economic decisions in many countries, as globalization has lowered barriers to movement of labor, enabled 'off-shoring' jobs to lower wage countries, and promoted the lowering of labor standards in order to pursue cost competitiveness. In spite of this trend, certain regions still showcase high levels of union density and retain their traditions of unions being involved in determining economic policy. Notably, the Nordic countries make up five of the top six most unionized countries, with Iceland in first place being followed by Denmark, Sweden, Finland, and then Norway.

Other notable trends among the top placed countries are states which have had a historical relationship with communism (often a key driver of the labor movement), such as Cuba, Vietnam, China, and Kazakhstan. In the wake of the Covid-19 pandemic, labor unions and the wider labor movement has become more prominent, as workers have sought to fight for health & safety conditions in the workplace, as well as to combat high inflation related to the pandemic.

Number of employees by union status, North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) and gender.

While union membership has been on the decline nationwide since 2000, the mining, quarrying, and oil and natural gas industry has seen a recent increase. The industry had relatively high rates of union membership compared with averages across all industries at the start of the century. In 2000, around nine percent of workers were members of unions compared to **** percent of industry workers. The rate spiked in 2022 after union membership in oil and gas reached an all-time low in 2019 and continued to increase to *** in 2024.

In 2024, union membership was highest among those working in the public sector, with around **** percent of local government workers being union members. In the private sector, workers in the transportation and utilities industry had the highest union membership rates, with **** percent of workers in unions.

In 2023, about ** percent of union members in the United States had access to paid sick leave. On the other hand, about ** percent of non-union members in the country had access to paid sick leave.

While union membership has been on the decline both nationwide and in the construction industry since 2000, the memberships remain high in the construction industry. In 2000, around **** percent of construction workers were union members, compared to * percent of workers across all industries. By 2023, however, union membership in the construction industry had fallen to **** percent.

In 2024, there were around 14.26 million workers who were members of labor unions in the United States. This follows a general decline in union membership and was a decrease from 2023, when there were roughly 14.42 billion union members in the United States.

Union membership in the manufacturing industry has seen a rapid decline since the turn of the century. In 2000, rates of union membership were relatively high in the manufacturing industry compared to the all-industry average, with 14.9 percent of workers being part of a union. However, while still higher than average, the rate reached a record low in 2021 at 7.7 percent. This did increase slightly in the following years, while the all-industry average declined again.

Union Pacific reported 32.97K in Employees for its fiscal year ending in December of 2023. Data for Union Pacific | UNP - Employees Total Number including historical, tables and charts were last updated by Trading Economics this last July in 2025.

In 2024, around **** percent of workers aged between 45 and 54 were members of labor unions in the United States, compared to **** percent of those between the ages of 35 and 44 years old. Labor membership rates were lowest amongst those aged 16 to 24.

In 2022, New York had the highest rate of union membership among public sector employees at 67 percent. The state of South Carolina had the lowest rate of union membership at 5.68 percent. The U.S. average for 2023 was 32.5 percent.

Union membership has been on the decline across all industries in the United States since 2000. While rates of union membership in the public sector are significantly higher than the private sector, the rate has been declining since 2000. In 2024, **** percent of public sector workers were union members.

Total revenue from the global digital remittance market is forecasted at US$ 23.4 billion for 2024. The market has been projected to rise swiftly at a CAGR of 13.5% and reach a value of US$ 83.2 billion by the end of 2034.

Report Attribute	Detail
Digital Remittance Market Size (2024E)	US$ 23.4 Billion
Forecasted Market Value (2034F)	US$ 83.2 Billion
Global Market Growth Rate (2024 to 2034)	13.5% CAGR
South Korea Market Value (2034F)	US$ 5 Billion
Inward Digital Remittance Demand Growth (2024 to 2034)	14.2% CAGR
Key Companies Profiled	Azimo Limited; WorldRemit Ltd.; Remitly; InstaReM Pvt. Ltd.; MoneyGram; Paytm; OFX; Digital Wallet Corporation; PayPal Holdings, Inc.; Ria Financial Services Ltd.; Pangea Money Transfer; OrbitRemit; TransferGo Ltd.; Western Union Holdings Inc.; CurrencyFair; Remitbee; Transfast.

Country-wise Analysis

Attribute	United States
Market Value (2024E)	US$ 2.6 Billion
Growth Rate (2024 to 2034)	13.3% CAGR
Projected Value (2034F)	US$ 9.1 Billion

Attribute	South Korea
Market Value (2024E)	US$ 1.2 Billion
Growth Rate (2024 to 2034)	15.4 % CAGR
Projected Value (2034F)	US$ 5 Billion

Category-wise Analysis

Attribute	Personal
Segment Value (2024E)	US$ 9.8 Billion
Growth Rate (2024 to 2034)	12.4% CAGR
Projected Value (2034F)	US$ 31.6 Billion

Attribute	Outward Digital Remittance Services
Segment Value (2024E)	US$ 12.9 Billion
Growth Rate (2024 to 2034)	12.9% CAGR
Projected Value (2034F)	US$ 43.3 Billion