At the end of the Revolutionary Period in United States history, the majority of white settlers in the United States of America had English heritage. The Thirteen Colonies, which claimed independence in 1776, was part of the British Empire until this point - English settlers and their descendants made up over 60 percent of the population by 1790. The English were the ethnic majority (among whites) in all states except Pennsylvania, which had a similarly-sized German population, while New York had a sizeable Dutch population as it was a former Dutch colony. The second-largest group was the Irish, where those from both the island's north and south made up a combined 10 percent of the population, followed by the Scottish and Germans at over eight percent each. Outside of the United States, the French and Spanish territories that would later be incorporated into the Union were majority French and Spanish - despite their large size they were relatively sparsely populated. The composition of the U.S. population would change drastically throughout the 19th century due largely to waves of migration from Europe.

During the Second World War, the three Axis powers of Germany, Italy, and Finland mobilized the largest share of their male population. For the Allies, the Soviet Union mobilized the largest share of men, as well as the largest total army of any country, but it was restricted in its ability to mobilize more due to the impact this would have on its economy. Other notable statistics come from the British Empire, where a larger share of men were drafted from Dominions than from the metropole, and there is also a discrepancy between the share of the black and white populations from South Africa.

However, it should be noted that there were many external factors from the war that influenced these figures. For example, gender ratios among the adult populations of many European countries was already skewed due to previous conflicts of the 20th century (namely WWI and the Russian Revolution), whereas the share of the male population eligible to fight in many Asian and African countries was lower than more demographically developed societies, as high child mortality rates meant that the average age of the population was much lower.

Data on the ethnicity of top editors in selected countries shows that the United States increased the share of non-white editors from 2020 to 2021, with the share of non-white top news editors growing from 11 to 18 percent in that time. Meanwhile, the top editorial jobs in Germany and the United Kingdom were held exclusively by white people.

Between 1500 and 1820, an estimated 2.58 million Europeans migrated to the Americas, namely from the British Isles, Portugal, Spain, France and Germany. Until the mid-1600s, the majority of European migrants were from the Iberian Peninsula, as Portugal and Spain had a 150 year head start over other European powers when building their overseas empires. However, by the end of the century, more settlers from the British Isles had emigrated to the New World than from Spain or Portugal; the majority of which migrated to British colonies in the Caribbean as indentured servants or prisoners. The 18th century also saw migrants from other European nations begin to migrate en masse, particularly those from France and the German states, although migration from the British Isles and Portugal remained at the highest levels.

In comparison to the almost 2.6 million Europeans migrants, it is estimated that over 8.6 million Africans were forced across the Atlantic during this time period, as part of the transatlantic slave trade. The first half of the 19th century saw the demise of the transatlantic slave trade, which was followed by an influx of white migration to the Americas from across Europe; this contributed heavily to reversing demographic trends and making those with African ancestry an ethnic minority in most American countries today.

In the past four centuries, the population of the Thirteen Colonies and United States of America has grown from a recorded 350 people around the Jamestown colony in Virginia in 1610, to an estimated 346 million in 2025. While the fertility rate has now dropped well below replacement level, and the population is on track to go into a natural decline in the 2040s, projected high net immigration rates mean the population will continue growing well into the next century, crossing the 400 million mark in the 2070s. Indigenous population Early population figures for the Thirteen Colonies and United States come with certain caveats. Official records excluded the indigenous population, and they generally remained excluded until the late 1800s. In 1500, in the first decade of European colonization of the Americas, the native population living within the modern U.S. borders was believed to be around 1.9 million people. The spread of Old World diseases, such as smallpox, measles, and influenza, to biologically defenseless populations in the New World then wreaked havoc across the continent, often wiping out large portions of the population in areas that had not yet made contact with Europeans. By the time of Jamestown's founding in 1607, it is believed the native population within current U.S. borders had dropped by almost 60 percent. As the U.S. expanded, indigenous populations were largely still excluded from population figures as they were driven westward, however taxpaying Natives were included in the census from 1870 to 1890, before all were included thereafter. It should be noted that estimates for indigenous populations in the Americas vary significantly by source and time period. Migration and expansion fuels population growth The arrival of European settlers and African slaves was the key driver of population growth in North America in the 17th century. Settlers from Britain were the dominant group in the Thirteen Colonies, before settlers from elsewhere in Europe, particularly Germany and Ireland, made a large impact in the mid-19th century. By the end of the 19th century, improvements in transport technology and increasing economic opportunities saw migration to the United States increase further, particularly from southern and Eastern Europe, and in the first decade of the 1900s the number of migrants to the U.S. exceeded one million people in some years. It is also estimated that almost 400,000 African slaves were transported directly across the Atlantic to mainland North America between 1500 and 1866 (although the importation of slaves was abolished in 1808). Blacks made up a much larger share of the population before slavery's abolition. Twentieth and twenty-first century The U.S. population has grown steadily since 1900, reaching one hundred million in the 1910s, two hundred million in the 1960s, and three hundred million in 2007. Since WWII, the U.S. has established itself as the world's foremost superpower, with the world's largest economy, and most powerful military. This growth in prosperity has been accompanied by increases in living standards, particularly through medical advances, infrastructure improvements, clean water accessibility. These have all contributed to higher infant and child survival rates, as well as an increase in life expectancy (doubling from roughly 40 to 80 years in the past 150 years), which have also played a large part in population growth. As fertility rates decline and increases in life expectancy slows, migration remains the largest factor in population growth. Since the 1960s, Latin America has now become the most common origin for migrants in the U.S., while immigration rates from Asia have also increased significantly. It remains to be seen how immigration restrictions of the current administration affect long-term population projections for the United States.

Approximately 41 million people immigrated to the United States of America between the years 1820 and 1957. During this time period, the United States expanded across North America, growing from 23 to 48 states, and the population grew from approximately 10 million people in 1820, to almost 180 million people by 1957. Economically, the U.S. developed from being an agriculturally focused economy in the 1820s, to having the highest GDP of any single country in the 1950s. Much of this expansion was due to the high numbers of agricultural workers who migrated from Europe, as technological advances in agriculture had lowered the labor demand. The majority of these migrants settled in urban centers, and this fueled the growth of the industrial sector.

American industrialization and European rural unemployment fuel migration The first major wave of migration came in the 1850s, and was fueled largely by Irish and German migrants, who were fleeing famine or agricultural depression at the time. The second boom came in the 1870s, as the country recovered from the American Civil War, and the Second Industrial Revolution took off. The final boom of the nineteenth century came in the 1880s, as poor harvests and industrialization in Europe led to mass emigration. Improvements in steam ship technology and lower fares led to increased migration from Eastern and Southern Europe at the turn of the century (particularly from Italy). War and depression reduces migration Migration to the U.S. peaked at the beginning of the 20th century, before it fluctuated greatly at the beginning of the 20th century. This was not only due to the disruptions to life in Europe caused by the world wars, but also the economic disruption of the Great Depression in the 1930s. The only period between 1914 and 1950 where migration was high was during the 1920s. However, the migration rate rose again in the late 1940s, particularly from Latin America and Asia. The historically high levels of migration from Europe has meant that the most common ethnicity in the U.S. has been non-Hispanic White since the early-colonial period, however increased migration from Latin America, Asia and Africa, and higher fertility rates among ethnic minorities, have seen the Whites' share of the total population fall in recent years (although it is still over three times larger than any other group.

Sources: Reportings of the former Public Head Office of Statistics in the GDR (Staatliche Zentralverwaltung für Statistik der DDR).

The number of rape and sexual assault cases reported to the police in Germany peaked at ****** in 2024 during the period shown here. Previously, the highest number of cases, ******, had been recorded the year before. Based on the definition in criminal law, sexual assault includes rape, as well as other sexually driven physical attacks. Rape is defined as forcing a person to have sex. Increased crime clearance rate The question remains how high the number of unreported cases is. Reasons for not reporting a sexual assault vary among victims. In recent years, the German police reported increasing clearance rates for sexual crimes. In 2022, **** percent of rape and sexual assault cases were solved, compared to **** percent in 2016. In 2023, however this figure dropped to **** percent, perhaps due to the increase in the number of cases. Among males suspected of committing such crimes, over ** percent were young adults aged 18 to 21 years. Types of German police forces German police forces are divided into several different types, which all have clearly established tasks regulated by law. The Federal Criminal Police Office (Bundeskriminalamt, BKA) is often compared to the FBI in the U.S. and investigates federal crimes, such as kidnapping. The Federal Police (Bundespolizei), works in railway stations, at airports, and seaports. They also protect borders, government buildings, and deal with organized crime and terrorism. The criminal police (Kriminalpolizei, Kripo), the only policemen not wearing in uniform in Germany, handle assault, murder, and rape cases, as well as theft. The uniformed police (Schutzpolizei, SchuPo), or beat police, are regularly visible in streets, as they are responsible for traffic safety, among other tasks, and may be approached directly by people in need of assistance or help.

Mit Hilfe der vorliegenden Datensammlung möchten die Autoren Informationen über die demographischen, ökonomischen und sozialen Prozesse der einzelnen neuen Bundesländer auf dem Gebiet der ehemaligen DDR überwiegend für das Stichjahr 1989 (und zum Teil auch für 1990) zur Verfügung stellen. Zu den Berufstätigen insgesamt nach Ländern liegen außerdem lange Zeitreihen von 1955-1989 vor. Für 1989 werden Angaben über Bevölkerung, Berufstätige, Qualifikation und Arbeitslose nach den neuen Bundesländern auf dem Gebiet der ehemaligen DDR (Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Brandenburg, Sachsen-Anhalt, Sachsen, Thüringen, Berlin-Ost) gemacht. Die Studie ist eine Ergänzung zur Studie mit der ZA-Nr. 8189: Wahse und Jaeger: Datenreport DDR-Arbeitsmarkt - Langfristige Zeitreihen, in der Angaben zu den Berufstätigen in der ehemaligen DDR von 1955 bis 1989 zu finden sind. Themen: Daten, die auf Anfrage zugesendet werden:- Wohnbevölkerung insgesamt und Wohnbevölkerung im arbeitsfähigen und nichtarbeitsfähigen Alter,- Wohnbevölkerung nach Gemeindegrößen,- Bevölkerungsdichte,- Natürliche Bevölkerungsbewegung,- Grenzüberschreitende Bevölkerungsbewegung,- Unternehmen sowie Arbeiter und Angestellte nach Industriezweigen,- Berufstätige nach Stellung im Betrieb,- Beschäftigungsgrad 1989,- Berufstätige nach Wirtschaftsbereichen und Wirtschaftssektoren 1989,- Weibliche Berufstätige nach Wirtschaftsbereichen und Wirtschaftssektoren 1989,- Lehrlinge nach Wirtschaftsbereichen und Wirtschaftssektoren 1989,- Berufstätige nach Industriezweigen 1989,- Berufstätige in der dienstleistenden Wirtschaft, in kulturellen und sozialen Einrichtungen 1989,- Arbeiter und Angestellte nach Qualifikationsstufen,- Teilzeitbeschäftigte weibliche Berufstätige insgesamt und nach Wirtschaftssektoren,- Arbeitslose und Kurzarbeiter in den Ländern der DDR. Tabellen im Downloadsystem HISTAT:- Berufstätige in der ehem. DDR nach Ländern (1955-1989),- Berufstätige in der ehem. DDR nach Ländern: Anteil in Prozent (1955-1989),- Berufstätige in der ehem. DDR nach Wirtschaftsbereichen und Ländern: Anteil in Prozent (1955-1989). With this data compilation the authors J. Wahse et al. want to provide information about the demographic, economic and social processes in the new German Laender in the former GDR, mainly for the year of 1989 (and partly also for 1990). The data compilation comprises information on persons employed in the former GDR, their qualification, and the unemployment-rate by the new Laender (Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania , Brandenburg, Saxony-Anhalt , Saxony, Thuringia, East-Berlin) and the area of the former GDR in total. To the point ‘employees in the former GDR by new Laender’ there are also 3 lont time-seriesThe study is part of a more comprehensive survey, obtainable through the ZA-survey number ZA8189: Wahse and Jaeger: Datenreport DDR-Arbeitsmarkt, containing long time-series about employees in the former GDR from 1955 to 1989. Topics:Data, send on request:- Total resident population and resident population at working age, - Resident population by municipal size,- Population density,- Natural population movement and population movement crossing the country´s frontiers,- Enterprises, blue and white colour worker by sectors of industry 1989,- Employees by occupational Status 1989,- Level of employment 1989,- Employees by economic sector 1989,- Employees in service sector, cultural and social institutions, 1989,- Blue-collar worker and white-collar worker by level of qualification,- Female part-time employees in total and by industrial sectors,- Unemployed and partially unemployed by counties of the former German Democratic Republic. Tables available via the downloadsystem HISTAT:- persons employed in the former GDR according to federal states (1955-1989),- persons employed in the former GDR according to federal states: proportion in per cent (1955-1989),- persons employed in the former GDR according to economic sector and federal states: proportion in per cent (1955-1989). Quellen: Berichterstattungen der ehemaligen Staatlichen Zentralverwaltung für Statistik der DDR. Sources: Reportings of the former Public Head Office of Statistics in the GDR (Staatliche Zentralverwaltung für Statistik der DDR).