Due to the devastating impact of the Second World War on the Soviet population, the total population in 1950 was almost 15.5 million fewer than in 1940, which is a decrease of eight percent. In Russia (RSFSR), the largest of the Soviet states, the population difference was almost nine million people; also eight percent. It would take until 1955 for the populations of either the USSR or Russia to reach their pre-war levels, which was a decade after the conflict had ended. Urbanization Despite this drop in total population, industrialization and urbanization saw a significant change in the USSR's population distribution between the given years. The Soviet urban population increased by 6.3 million, or ten percent, between 1940 and 1950; 5.8 million of this was in Russia, which was a 15 percent increase. In contrast, the Soviet Union's rural population dropped by 21.8 million (a 17 percent change), 14.5 million of which in Russia (a decrease of 20 percent). In terms of overall population, the urban population of the USSR rose from 33 to 39 percent between 1940 and 1950, and from 34 to 43 percent in Russia. By 1955, 44 percent of the Soviet population, and 49 percent of the Russian population, lived in an urban setting.

As of January 1, 2025, more than 146 million people were estimated to be residing on the Russian territory, down approximately 30,000 from the previous year. From the second half of the 20th century, the population steadily grew until 1995. Furthermore, the population size saw an increase from 2009, getting closer to the 1995 figures. In which regions do most Russians live? With some parts of Russia known for their harsh climate, most people choose regions which offer more comfortable conditions. The largest share of the Russian population, or 40 million, reside in the Central Federal District. Moscow, the capital, is particularly populated, counting nearly 13 million residents. Russia’s population projections Despite having the largest country area worldwide, Russia’s population was predicted to follow a negative trend under both low and medium expectation forecasts. Under the low expectation forecast, the country’s population was expected to drop from 146 million in 2022 to 134 million in 2036. The medium expectation scenario projected a milder drop to 143 million in 2036. The issues of low birth rates and high death rates in Russia are aggravated by the increasing desire to emigrate among young people. In 2023, more than 20 percent of the residents aged 18 to 24 years expressed their willingness to leave Russia.

This statistic shows the total population of Russia from 2019 to 2023, with projections up until 2029. In 2023, the total population of Russia was around 146.3 million people. Only a fraction of them live in the major Russian cities. With almost 12.5 million inhabitants, Moscow is largest of them. Russia's economy Russia holds the sixth largest economy in the world and is one of wealthiest nations. Following the 1998 Russian financial crisis, Russia introduced several structural reforms that allowed for a fast economical recovery. Following these reforms, Russia experienced significant economic growth from the early 2000s and improved living standards in general for the country. A reason for the momentous economical boost was the rise in commodity prices as well as a boom in the total amount of consumer credit. Additionally, Russia is highly dependent on the mining and production of natural resources, primarily in the energy department, in order to promote economic growth in the country. Due to large energy reserves throughout the country, Russia has developed a stable economy capable of sustaining itself for many years into the future. The majority of Russian oil and energy reserves are located in the Western Siberian areas. These natural gas liquids, along with oil reserves that consist of crude oil, shale oil and oil sands are constantly used for the production of consumable oil, which is an annually growing industry in Russia. Oil products are one of Russia’s primary exports and the country is able to profit entirely off of sales due to high prices as well as high demand for such goods.

Russia Population: Age 75 to 79: 77 Years data was reported at 980,720.000 Person in 2017. This records a decrease from the previous number of 1,074,574.000 Person for 2016. Russia Population: Age 75 to 79: 77 Years data is updated yearly, averaging 746,466.000 Person from Dec 1989 (Median) to 2017, with 29 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1,115,058.000 Person in 2014 and a record low of 430,952.000 Person in 1994. Russia Population: Age 75 to 79: 77 Years data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal State Statistics Service. The data is categorized under Russia Premium Database’s Demographic and Labour Market – Table RU.GA005: Population: by Age: 0 to 100 Years.

Russian estimates suggest that the total population of the Soviet Union in 1941 was 195.4 million people, before it fell to 170.5 million in 1946 due to the devastation of the Second World War. Not only did the USSR's population fall as a consequence of the war, but fertility and birth rates also dropped due to the disruption. Hypothetical estimates suggest that, had the war not happened and had fertility rates remained on their pre-war trajectory, then the USSR's population in 1946 would have been 39 million higher than in reality. Gender differences When it comes to gender differences, the Soviet male population fell from 94 million in 1941, to 74 million in 1946, and the female population fell from 102 to 96 million. While the male and female population fell by 19 and 5.5 million respectively, hypothetical estimates suggest that both populations would have grown by seven million each had there been no war. In actual figures, adult males saw the largest change in population due to the war, as a drop of 18 to 21 percent was observed across the three age groups. In contrast, the adult female population actually grew between 1941 and 1946, although the population under 16 years fell by a number similar to that observed in the male population due to the war's impact on fertility.

Population in urban agglomerations of more than 1 million (% of total population) in Russia was reported at 23.77 % in 2023, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Russia - Population in urban agglomerations of more than 1 million - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on March of 2025.

Russia Population: Working Age: Urban data was reported at 62,717,024.000 Person in 2016. This records a decrease from the previous number of 63,372,548.000 Person for 2015. Russia Population: Working Age: Urban data is updated yearly, averaging 64,965,668.500 Person from Dec 1989 (Median) to 2016, with 28 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 67,768,037.000 Person in 2003 and a record low of 62,717,024.000 Person in 2016. Russia Population: Working Age: Urban data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal State Statistics Service. The data is categorized under Russia Premium Database’s Demographic and Labour Market – Table RU.GA012: Population: Working Age: by Region.

Russia Population: Percent of Total: Household Income per Capita: 19000.1 - 27000 RUB per Month data was reported at 18.200 % in Dec 2018. This records a decrease from the previous number of 18.700 % for Sep 2018. Russia Population: Percent of Total: Household Income per Capita: 19000.1 - 27000 RUB per Month data is updated quarterly, averaging 18.200 % from Dec 2011 (Median) to Dec 2018, with 29 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 18.900 % in Mar 2018 and a record low of 15.500 % in Mar 2012. Russia Population: Percent of Total: Household Income per Capita: 19000.1 - 27000 RUB per Month data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal State Statistics Service. The data is categorized under Russia Premium Database’s Demographic and Labour Market – Table RU.GA013: Population by Average Household Income.

Population ages 20-24, female (% of female population) in Russia was reported at 4.4695 % in 2023, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Russia - Population ages 20-24, female (% of female population) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on January of 2025.

Russia Population: Percent of Total: Household Income per Capita: 60000.1 - 75000 RUB per Month data was reported at 4.500 % in Mar 2020. This records a decrease from the previous number of 5.500 % for Dec 2019. Russia Population: Percent of Total: Household Income per Capita: 60000.1 - 75000 RUB per Month data is updated quarterly, averaging 4.600 % from Dec 2017 (Median) to Mar 2020, with 10 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 5.500 % in Dec 2019 and a record low of 3.900 % in Mar 2018. Russia Population: Percent of Total: Household Income per Capita: 60000.1 - 75000 RUB per Month data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal State Statistics Service. The data is categorized under Russia Premium Database’s Demographic and Labour Market – Table RU.GA014: Population by Average Household Income.

Population ages 60-64, male (% of male population) in Russia was reported at 6.333 % in 2023, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Russia - Population ages 50-64, male (% of male population) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on March of 2025.

Russia Population: Male: Age 20 to 24: 20 Years data was reported at 690,175.000 Person in 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 669,051.000 Person for 2017. Russia Population: Male: Age 20 to 24: 20 Years data is updated yearly, averaging 1,086,332.000 Person from Dec 1989 (Median) to 2018, with 30 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1,304,486.000 Person in 2003 and a record low of 669,051.000 Person in 2017. Russia Population: Male: Age 20 to 24: 20 Years data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal State Statistics Service. The data is categorized under Russia Premium Database’s Demographic and Labour Market – Table RU.GA006: Population: by Age: 0 to 100 Years: Male.

UIS: Percentage of population age 25+ with at least completed lower secondary education (ISCED 2 or higher). Female in Russia was reported at 92.48 % in 2010, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Russia - Percentage of population age 25+ with at least completed lower secondary education (ISCED 2 or higher). Female - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on March of 2025.

Chart and table of population level and growth rate for the Moscow, Russia metro area from 1950 to 2025. United Nations population projections are also included through the year 2035.

In all age groups until 29 years old, there were more men than women in Russia as of January 1, 2024. After that age, the female population outnumbered the male population in each category. The most represented age group in the country was from 35 to 39 years old, with approximately 6.5 million women and 6.3 million men. Male-to-female ratio in Russia The number of men in Russia was historically lower than the number of women, which was a result of population losses during World War I and World War II. In 1950, in the age category from 25 to 29 years, 68 men were recorded per 100 women in the Soviet Union. In today’s Russia, the female-to-male ratio in the same age group reached 976 women per 1,000 men. Russia has the highest life expectancy gender gap The World Health Organization estimated the average life expectancy of women across the world at over five years longer than men. In Russia, this gap between genders exceeded 10 years. According to the study “Burden of disease in Russia, 1980-2016: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016,” Russia had the highest gender difference in life expectancy worldwide.

Russia Population: Age 90 to 94: 94 Years data was reported at 48,312.000 Person in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 37,960.000 Person for 2016. Russia Population: Age 90 to 94: 94 Years data is updated yearly, averaging 23,417.000 Person from Dec 1989 (Median) to 2017, with 29 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 48,312.000 Person in 2017 and a record low of 14,718.000 Person in 1991. Russia Population: Age 90 to 94: 94 Years data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal State Statistics Service. The data is categorized under Russia Premium Database’s Demographic and Labour Market – Table RU.GA005: Population: by Age: 0 to 100 Years.

Russia Population: Percent of Total: Household Income per Capita: 7000.1 - 10000 RUB per Month data was reported at 7.000 % in Dec 2018. This records a decrease from the previous number of 7.300 % for Sep 2018. Russia Population: Percent of Total: Household Income per Capita: 7000.1 - 10000 RUB per Month data is updated quarterly, averaging 9.400 % from Dec 2011 (Median) to Dec 2018, with 29 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 14.600 % in Mar 2012 and a record low of 7.000 % in Dec 2018. Russia Population: Percent of Total: Household Income per Capita: 7000.1 - 10000 RUB per Month data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal State Statistics Service. The data is categorized under Russia Premium Database’s Demographic and Labour Market – Table RU.GA013: Population by Average Household Income.

Russia Population: Percent of Total: Household Income per Capita: 27000.1 - 45000 RUB per Month data was reported at 23.700 % in Dec 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 23.500 % for Sep 2018. Russia Population: Percent of Total: Household Income per Capita: 27000.1 - 45000 RUB per Month data is updated quarterly, averaging 20.900 % from Dec 2011 (Median) to Dec 2018, with 29 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 23.700 % in Dec 2018 and a record low of 13.600 % in Mar 2012. Russia Population: Percent of Total: Household Income per Capita: 27000.1 - 45000 RUB per Month data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal State Statistics Service. The data is categorized under Russia Premium Database’s Demographic and Labour Market – Table RU.GA013: Population by Average Household Income.

Russia Population: Percent of Total: Household Income per Capita: 10000.1 - 14000 RUB per Month data was reported at 11.200 % in Dec 2018. This records a decrease from the previous number of 11.800 % for Sep 2018. Russia Population: Percent of Total: Household Income per Capita: 10000.1 - 14000 RUB per Month data is updated quarterly, averaging 13.500 % from Dec 2011 (Median) to Dec 2018, with 29 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 17.300 % in Mar 2012 and a record low of 11.200 % in Dec 2018. Russia Population: Percent of Total: Household Income per Capita: 10000.1 - 14000 RUB per Month data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal State Statistics Service. The data is categorized under Russia Premium Database’s Demographic and Labour Market – Table RU.GA013: Population by Average Household Income.

Russia Population: Female: Age 85 to 89: 86 Years data was reported at 252,235.000 Person in 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 247,101.000 Person for 2017. Russia Population: Female: Age 85 to 89: 86 Years data is updated yearly, averaging 174,216.500 Person from Dec 1989 (Median) to 2018, with 30 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 295,318.000 Person in 2016 and a record low of 104,796.000 Person in 2003. Russia Population: Female: Age 85 to 89: 86 Years data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal State Statistics Service. The data is categorized under Russia Premium Database’s Demographic and Labour Market – Table RU.GA007: Population: by Age: 0 to 100 Years: Female.