Abstract

The objective of PLFS is primarily on two aspects. The first is to measure the dynamics in labour force participation and employment status in the short time interval of three months for the urban areas only in the Current Weekly Status (CWS). Thus, in every quarter, PLFS will bring out the level and change estimates of the key labour force indicators in CWS viz. Worker Population Ratio (WPR), Labour Force Participation Rate (LFPR), Unemployment Rate (UR). Secondly, for both rural and urban areas, level estimates of all important parameters in both usual status and CWS will be brought out annually.

Geographic coverage

12800 FSUs (7024 villages and 5776 UFS blocks) will be covered annually at all-India level.

Sampling procedure

A rotational panel sampling design will be used in urban area. The rotational scheme will be of two years duration to accommodate the changes in the urban frame in the intracensal period; in the sense that the sampling frames for both rural and urban areas will remain unchanged for every two-year duration. In this rotational panel scheme each selected household in urban areas will be visited four times - one with first visit schedule and other three with revisit schedule. The estimates can be given for successive quarters without any break in the series (starting from the fifth quarter), ensuring a 75% matching between consecutive quarters. Regression based estimates will not be generated. Instead, usual traditional design based estimates will be generated. The proposed design aims at generating quarterly estimates of level and change parameters of some important labour force indicators (LFPR, WPR & UR) based on CWS data in urban areas and annual estimates of level parameters based on usual status for both rural and urban areas in the line of employment & unemployment survey of NSS quinquennial round.

Rotational panel design for urban areas

i. The initial rotational panel will be for two years, where only 25% FSUs of urban annual allocation will be covered in the first quarter (Panel P11) with detail listing and canvassing of visit 1 schedule in the selected households; where Pij indicates the panel belonging to jthquarter of the ith two-year period of rotation. ii. Another 25% FSUs will be covered in the second quarter (Panel P12) for taking up visit 1 schedule and revisit schedule will be canvassed in the selected households of Panel P11. iii. A new panel P13 of 25% FSUs will be surveyed in third quarter with visit 1 schedule andrevisit schedules will be nvassed in the households of panels P11 & P12. iv. In the fourth quarter, households of panels P11, P12 & P13 will be surveyed with revisit schedule and a new panel P14 with 25% FSUs for visit 1 schedule. v. In the subsequent quarters of second year 75% FSUs (3 panels - P12, P13 & P14) will be common and an earlier panel (P11) will be replaced by a new panel (P15) for canvassingvisit 1 schedule. This will continue till 8th quarter. vi. All the FSUs of the panels P11, P12, ...., P18 (each of which is with 25% of FSUs) will beselected before commencement of survey in the first quarter. vii. At the end of the second year of each two-year duration, updated frame will be used for both rural and urban areas. viii. FSUs of another set of panels P21, P22, ..., P28 selected from the updated frame will be made ready before commencement of first quarter of third year (first quarter of the second two year duration). These panels P21 to P28 will take care of the changes in the urban frame during the intracensal period. ix. In the ninth quarter (first quarter of the second two-year duration), panel P21 selected from the updated frame will be introduced and the panels P16, P17 and P18 of the old frame will be surveyed. x. This scheme will continue for another 2 years with the introduction of panels P22 to P28 each in one quarter for the subsequent 7 quarters till the end of the fourth year (second year of the two-year period). xi. This scheme of rotation of panels will enable generation of estimates of change parameters with 75% matching and 25% of unmatched samples from fifth quarter onwards. xii. One of the main advantages of this plan of rotation is that there will not be any break in the series of estimates of the change parameters starting from 5th quarter. xiii. Since major changes in the rural-urban frame occurs in the Census years (say for the year 2023-24), provision is to be made to generate estimates without break in the series of estimates considering panels from pre and post-census frames.

Rural samples For rural areas, samples for all the 8 quarters will be selected before commencement of survey for each two-year period, while the frame remains same for this duration. In each quarter, only 25% FSUs of annual allocation (as is done in each sub-round of NSS rounds) will be covered in rural areas so that independent estimates can be generated for each quarter. For this purpose, quarterly allocation will be multiple of 2 for drawing interpenetrating sub-samples

Mode of data collection

Face to Face

Abstract

The objective of PLFS is primarily on two aspects. The first is to measure the dynamics in labour force participation and employment status in the short time interval of three months for the urban areas only in the Current Weekly Status (CWS). Thus, in every quarter, PLFS brings out the level and change estimates of the key labour force indicators in CWS viz. Worker Population Ratio (WPR), Labour Force Participation Rate (LFPR), Unemployment Rate (UR). Secondly, for both rural and urban areas, level estimates of all important parameters in both usual status and CWS are brought out annually.

Geographic coverage

12800 FSUs (7024 villages and 5776 UFS blocks) will be covered annually at all-India level.

Analysis unit

Households and Individuals

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

A rotational panel sampling design will be used in urban area. The rotational scheme will be of two years duration to accommodate the changes in the urban frame in the intracensal period; in the sense that the sampling frames for both rural and urban areas will remain unchanged for every two-year duration. In this rotational panel scheme each selected household in urban areas will be visited four times - one with first visit schedule and other three with revisit schedule. The estimates can be given for successive quarters without any break in the series (starting from the fifth quarter), ensuring a 75% matching between consecutive quarters. Regression based estimates will not be generated. Instead, usual traditional design based estimates will be generated. The proposed design aims at generating quarterly estimates of level and change parameters of some important labour force indicators (LFPR, WPR & UR) based on CWS data in urban areas and annual estimates of level parameters based on usual status for both rural and urban areas in the line of employment & unemployment survey of NSS quinquennial round.

Rotational panel design for urban areas

i. The initial rotational panel will be for two years, where only 25% FSUs of urban annual allocation will be covered in the first quarter (Panel P11) with detail listing and canvassing of visit 1 schedule in the selected households; where Pij indicates the panel belonging to jthquarter of the ith two-year period of rotation. ii. Another 25% FSUs will be covered in the second quarter (Panel P12) for taking up visit 1 schedule and revisit schedule will be canvassed in the selected households of Panel P11. iii. A new panel P13 of 25% FSUs will be surveyed in third quarter with visit 1 schedule andrevisit schedules will be nvassed in the households of panels P11 & P12. iv. In the fourth quarter, households of panels P11, P12 & P13 will be surveyed with revisit schedule and a new panel P14 with 25% FSUs for visit 1 schedule. v. In the subsequent quarters of second year 75% FSUs (3 panels - P12, P13 & P14) will be common and an earlier panel (P11) will be replaced by a new panel (P15) for canvassingvisit 1 schedule. This will continue till 8th quarter. vi. All the FSUs of the panels P11, P12, ...., P18 (each of which is with 25% of FSUs) will beselected before commencement of survey in the first quarter. vii. At the end of the second year of each two-year duration, updated frame will be used for both rural and urban areas. viii. FSUs of another set of panels P21, P22, ..., P28 selected from the updated frame will be made ready before commencement of first quarter of third year (first quarter of the second two year duration). These panels P21 to P28 will take care of the changes in the urban frame during the intracensal period. ix. In the ninth quarter (first quarter of the second two-year duration), panel P21 selected from the updated frame will be introduced and the panels P16, P17 and P18 of the old frame will be surveyed. x. This scheme will continue for another 2 years with the introduction of panels P22 to P28 each in one quarter for the subsequent 7 quarters till the end of the fourth year (second year of the two-year period). xi. This scheme of rotation of panels will enable generation of estimates of change parameters with 75% matching and 25% of unmatched samples from fifth quarter onwards. xii. One of the main advantages of this plan of rotation is that there will not be any break in the series of estimates of the change parameters starting from 5th quarter. xiii. Since major changes in the rural-urban frame occurs in the Census years (say for the year 2023-24), provision is to be made to generate estimates without break in the series of estimates considering panels from pre and post-census frames.

Rural samples For rural areas, samples for all the 8 quarters will be selected before commencement of survey for each two-year period, while the frame remains same for this duration. In each quarter, only 25% FSUs of annual allocation (as is done in each sub-round of NSS rounds) will be covered in rural areas so that independent estimates can be generated for each quarter. For this purpose, quarterly allocation will be multiple of 2 for drawing interpenetrating sub-samples

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Geographic coverage

National coverage

Analysis unit

households/individuals

Kind of data

survey

Frequency of data collection

Quarterly

Sampling procedure

Sample size:

Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) conducted by the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation. The survey aims to provide comprehensive data on the labor force and demographic characteristics of the population. This dataset is valuable for researchers and policymakers interested in understanding the demographic composition of the population and analyzing trends in labor force participation across different regions of India.

Worker Population Ratio: Usual Status: Education: Goa: Female data was reported at 24.400 % in 2024. This records an increase from the previous number of 24.000 % for 2023. Worker Population Ratio: Usual Status: Education: Goa: Female data is updated yearly, averaging 24.000 % from Jun 2018 (Median) to 2024, with 7 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 25.000 % in 2019 and a record low of 16.600 % in 2022. Worker Population Ratio: Usual Status: Education: Goa: Female data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation. The data is categorized under India Premium Database’s Labour Market – Table IN.GBA026: Periodic Labour Force Survey: Annual: Worker Population Ratio: Usual Status: by State: Education Level.

Worker Population Ratio: Usual Status: Education: Telangana: Female data was reported at 44.300 % in 2024. This records an increase from the previous number of 43.100 % for 2023. Worker Population Ratio: Usual Status: Education: Telangana: Female data is updated yearly, averaging 42.600 % from Jun 2018 (Median) to 2024, with 7 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 44.300 % in 2024 and a record low of 30.300 % in 2018. Worker Population Ratio: Usual Status: Education: Telangana: Female data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation. The data is categorized under India Premium Database’s Labour Market – Table IN.GBA026: Periodic Labour Force Survey: Annual: Worker Population Ratio: Usual Status: by State: Education Level.

Worker Population Ratio: Usual Status: Education: Secondary: Goa: Rural: Female data was reported at 16.800 % in 2024. This records a decrease from the previous number of 17.600 % for 2023. Worker Population Ratio: Usual Status: Education: Secondary: Goa: Rural: Female data is updated yearly, averaging 17.100 % from Jun 2018 (Median) to 2024, with 7 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 29.700 % in 2020 and a record low of 4.800 % in 2022. Worker Population Ratio: Usual Status: Education: Secondary: Goa: Rural: Female data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation. The data is categorized under India Premium Database’s Labour Market – Table IN.GBA030: Periodic Labour Force Survey: Annual: Worker Population Ratio: Usual Status: by State: Education Level: Secondary.

Worker Population Ratio: Usual Status: Education: Not Literate: Andhra Pradesh: Rural data was reported at 62.600 % in 2024. This records a decrease from the previous number of 65.300 % for 2023. Worker Population Ratio: Usual Status: Education: Not Literate: Andhra Pradesh: Rural data is updated yearly, averaging 64.500 % from Jun 2018 (Median) to 2024, with 7 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 65.600 % in 2021 and a record low of 60.900 % in 2020. Worker Population Ratio: Usual Status: Education: Not Literate: Andhra Pradesh: Rural data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation. The data is categorized under India Premium Database’s Labour Market – Table IN.GBA027: Periodic Labour Force Survey: Annual: Worker Population Ratio: Usual Status: by State: Education Level: Not Literate.

Worker Population Ratio: Usual Status: Education: Higher Secondary: Chhattisgarh: Female data was reported at 42.100 % in 2024. This records an increase from the previous number of 41.900 % for 2023. Worker Population Ratio: Usual Status: Education: Higher Secondary: Chhattisgarh: Female data is updated yearly, averaging 30.300 % from Jun 2018 (Median) to 2024, with 7 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 42.100 % in 2024 and a record low of 21.700 % in 2018. Worker Population Ratio: Usual Status: Education: Higher Secondary: Chhattisgarh: Female data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation. The data is categorized under India Premium Database’s Labour Market – Table IN.GBA032: Periodic Labour Force Survey: Annual: Worker Population Ratio: Usual Status: by State: Education Level: Higher Secondary.

Worker Population Ratio: Usual Status: Education: Diploma/Certificate Course: Bihar: Rural: Male data was reported at 87.600 % in 2024. This records an increase from the previous number of 25.400 % for 2023. Worker Population Ratio: Usual Status: Education: Diploma/Certificate Course: Bihar: Rural: Male data is updated yearly, averaging 25.400 % from Jun 2018 (Median) to 2024, with 7 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 100.000 % in 2019 and a record low of 0.000 % in 2021. Worker Population Ratio: Usual Status: Education: Diploma/Certificate Course: Bihar: Rural: Male data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation. The data is categorized under India Premium Database’s Labour Market – Table IN.GBA033: Periodic Labour Force Survey: Annual: Worker Population Ratio: Usual Status: by State: Education Level: Diploma/Certificate Course.

Worker Population Ratio: Usual Status: Education: Higher Secondary: Himachal Pradesh: Rural: Male data was reported at 80.800 % in 2024. This records an increase from the previous number of 79.600 % for 2023. Worker Population Ratio: Usual Status: Education: Higher Secondary: Himachal Pradesh: Rural: Male data is updated yearly, averaging 73.000 % from Jun 2018 (Median) to 2024, with 7 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 80.800 % in 2024 and a record low of 64.600 % in 2018. Worker Population Ratio: Usual Status: Education: Higher Secondary: Himachal Pradesh: Rural: Male data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation. The data is categorized under India Premium Database’s Labour Market – Table IN.GBA032: Periodic Labour Force Survey: Annual: Worker Population Ratio: Usual Status: by State: Education Level: Higher Secondary.

India Unemployment Rate: Urban data was reported at 7.800 % in 2018. India Unemployment Rate: Urban data is updated yearly, averaging 7.800 % from Jun 2018 (Median) to 2018, with 1 observations. India Unemployment Rate: Urban data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Central Statistics Office. The data is categorized under Global Database’s India – Table IN.GBA014: Periodic Labour Force Survey: Annual: Unemployment Rate: Usual Status.

India Worker Population Ratio: Usual Status: Education: Middle: Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu: Female data was reported at 48.900 % in 2024. This records an increase from the previous number of 28.300 % for 2023. India Worker Population Ratio: Usual Status: Education: Middle: Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu: Female data is updated yearly, averaging 33.300 % from Jun 2021 (Median) to 2024, with 4 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 48.900 % in 2024 and a record low of 19.700 % in 2021. India Worker Population Ratio: Usual Status: Education: Middle: Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu: Female data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation. The data is categorized under India Premium Database’s Labour Market – Table IN.GBA029: Periodic Labour Force Survey: Annual: Worker Population Ratio: Usual Status: by State: Education Level: Middle.

Worker Population Ratio: Usual Status: Education: Literate and upto Primary: Madhya Pradesh: Rural: Female data was reported at 73.000 % in 2024. This records an increase from the previous number of 58.000 % for 2023. Worker Population Ratio: Usual Status: Education: Literate and upto Primary: Madhya Pradesh: Rural: Female data is updated yearly, averaging 51.900 % from Jun 2018 (Median) to 2024, with 7 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 73.000 % in 2024 and a record low of 32.300 % in 2019. Worker Population Ratio: Usual Status: Education: Literate and upto Primary: Madhya Pradesh: Rural: Female data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation. The data is categorized under India Premium Database’s Labour Market – Table IN.GBA028: Periodic Labour Force Survey: Annual: Worker Population Ratio: Usual Status: by State: Education Level: Literate and upto Primary.

Worker Population Ratio: Usual Status: Education: Literate and upto Primary: Mizoram: Urban: Female data was reported at 25.800 % in 2024. This records an increase from the previous number of 22.400 % for 2023. Worker Population Ratio: Usual Status: Education: Literate and upto Primary: Mizoram: Urban: Female data is updated yearly, averaging 23.800 % from Jun 2018 (Median) to 2024, with 7 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 37.100 % in 2021 and a record low of 18.000 % in 2022. Worker Population Ratio: Usual Status: Education: Literate and upto Primary: Mizoram: Urban: Female data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation. The data is categorized under India Premium Database’s Labour Market – Table IN.GBA028: Periodic Labour Force Survey: Annual: Worker Population Ratio: Usual Status: by State: Education Level: Literate and upto Primary.

Worker Population Ratio: Usual Status: Education: Graduate: Madhya Pradesh: Rural: Female data was reported at 34.800 % in 2024. This records an increase from the previous number of 30.300 % for 2023. Worker Population Ratio: Usual Status: Education: Graduate: Madhya Pradesh: Rural: Female data is updated yearly, averaging 24.800 % from Jun 2018 (Median) to 2024, with 7 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 34.800 % in 2024 and a record low of 14.100 % in 2018. Worker Population Ratio: Usual Status: Education: Graduate: Madhya Pradesh: Rural: Female data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation. The data is categorized under India Premium Database’s Labour Market – Table IN.GBA034: Periodic Labour Force Survey: Annual: Worker Population Ratio: Usual Status: by State: Education Level: Graduate.

Worker Population Ratio: Usual Status: Education: Lakshadweep: Rural data was reported at 52.300 % in 2024. This records an increase from the previous number of 40.300 % for 2023. Worker Population Ratio: Usual Status: Education: Lakshadweep: Rural data is updated yearly, averaging 42.100 % from Jun 2018 (Median) to 2024, with 7 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 56.200 % in 2020 and a record low of 27.200 % in 2019. Worker Population Ratio: Usual Status: Education: Lakshadweep: Rural data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation. The data is categorized under India Premium Database’s Labour Market – Table IN.GBA026: Periodic Labour Force Survey: Annual: Worker Population Ratio: Usual Status: by State: Education Level.

Worker Population Ratio: Usual Status: Education: Literate and upto Primary: Haryana: Rural: Female data was reported at 36.100 % in 2024. This records an increase from the previous number of 35.200 % for 2023. Worker Population Ratio: Usual Status: Education: Literate and upto Primary: Haryana: Rural: Female data is updated yearly, averaging 24.200 % from Jun 2018 (Median) to 2024, with 7 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 36.100 % in 2024 and a record low of 15.300 % in 2020. Worker Population Ratio: Usual Status: Education: Literate and upto Primary: Haryana: Rural: Female data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation. The data is categorized under India Premium Database’s Labour Market – Table IN.GBA028: Periodic Labour Force Survey: Annual: Worker Population Ratio: Usual Status: by State: Education Level: Literate and upto Primary.

Worker Population Ratio: Usual Status: Education: Secondary: Madhya Pradesh: Urban: Female data was reported at 18.400 % in 2024. This records an increase from the previous number of 9.900 % for 2023. Worker Population Ratio: Usual Status: Education: Secondary: Madhya Pradesh: Urban: Female data is updated yearly, averaging 11.100 % from Jun 2018 (Median) to 2024, with 7 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 18.400 % in 2024 and a record low of 7.700 % in 2019. Worker Population Ratio: Usual Status: Education: Secondary: Madhya Pradesh: Urban: Female data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation. The data is categorized under India Premium Database’s Labour Market – Table IN.GBA030: Periodic Labour Force Survey: Annual: Worker Population Ratio: Usual Status: by State: Education Level: Secondary.

Worker Population Ratio: Usual Status: Education: Literate and upto Primary: Lakshadweep: Urban: Male data was reported at 54.400 % in 2024. This records an increase from the previous number of 47.500 % for 2023. Worker Population Ratio: Usual Status: Education: Literate and upto Primary: Lakshadweep: Urban: Male data is updated yearly, averaging 65.000 % from Jun 2018 (Median) to 2024, with 7 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 80.000 % in 2019 and a record low of 47.500 % in 2023. Worker Population Ratio: Usual Status: Education: Literate and upto Primary: Lakshadweep: Urban: Male data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation. The data is categorized under India Premium Database’s Labour Market – Table IN.GBA028: Periodic Labour Force Survey: Annual: Worker Population Ratio: Usual Status: by State: Education Level: Literate and upto Primary.