The vertical land change activity focuses on the detection, analysis, and explanation of topographic change. These detection techniques include both quantitative methods, for example, using difference metrics derived from multi-temporal topographic digital elevation models (DEMs), such as, light detection and ranging (lidar), National Elevation Dataset (NED), Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM), and Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (IFSAR), and qualitative methods, for example, using multi-temporal aerial photography to visualize topographic change. The geographic study area of this activity is Perry County, Kentucky. Available multi-temporal lidar, NED, SRTM, IFSAR, and other topographic elevation datasets, as well as aerial photography and multi-spectral image data were identified and downloaded for this study area county. Available mine maps and mine portal locations were obtained from the Kentucky Mine Mapping Information System, Division of Mine Safety, 300 Sower Boulevard, Frankfort, KY 40601 at http://minemaps.ky.gov/Default.aspx?Src=Downloads. These features were used to spatially locate the study areas within Perry County. Previously developed differencing methods (Gesch, 2006) were used to develop difference raster datasets of NED/SRTM (1950-2000 date range) and SRTM/IFSAR (2000-2008 date range). The difference rasters were evaluated to exclude difference values that were below a specified vertical change threshold, which was applied spatially by National Land Cover Dataset (NLCD) 1992 and 2006 land cover type, respectively. This spatial application of the vertical change threshold values improved the overall ability to detect vertical change because threshold values in bare earth areas were distinguished from threshold values in heavily vegetated areas. Lidar high-resolution (1.5 m) DEMs were acquired for Perry County, Kentucky from U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service Geospatial Data Gateway at https://gdg.sc.egov.usda.gov/GDGOrder.aspx#. ESRI Mosaic Datasets were generated from lidar point-cloud data and available topographic DEMs for the specified study area. These data were analyzed to estimate volumetric changes on the land surface at three different periods with lidar acquisitions collected for Perry County, KY on 3/29/12 to 4/6/12. A recent difference raster dataset time span (2008-2012 date range) was analyzed by differencing the Perry County lidar-derived DEM and an IFSAR-derived dataset. The IFSAR-derived data were resampled to the resolution of the lidar DEM (approximately 1-m resolution) and compared with the lidar-derived DEM. Land cover based threshold values were applied spatially to detect vertical change using the lidar/IFSAR difference dataset. Perry County lidar metadata reported that the acquisition required lidar to be collected with an average of 0.68 m point spacing or better and vertical accuracy of 15 cm root mean square error (RMSE) or better. References: Gesch, Dean B., 2006, An inventory and assessment of significant topographic changes in the United States Brookings, S. Dak., South Dakota State University, Ph.D. dissertation, 234 p, at https://topotools.cr.usgs.gov/pdfs/DGesch_dissertation_Nov2006.pdf.

Download .zipThe C, D Law Coal Permit Maps county coverage sets were developed using the original mine maps for over 2500 coal mining and reclamation permits issued under Ohio law and finalized (i.e. operations completed) between 1975 and December 2002.

Ohio started issuing coal mining licenses in the 1940s. The earliest license and permit requirements were minimal and did not include submittal of a map or other delineation of the mined area. Significant changes to legal requirements are reflected by the alphabetical designation of each subsequent law revision, i.e., earlier A-law permits (circa 1966) through contemporary D-law permits. The ODNR-Division of Mineral Resources Management (DMRM) has attempted to create as complete a database as possible from available archive records, however, research has identified missing permit files. Thus, this GIS data is known to be incomplete due to the loss of archival records.

The C and D law permit maps were scanned at a density of 200 dots per inch (dpi). The scanned image was then heads-up digitized using Microstation computer aided design software (CAD) to create design files grouped by county location. Data captured within the design file includes permit boundary, affected boundary, test hole locations, and associated attributes. The design file was then "placed-to-ground" using ODNR Division of Geological Survey's "ODNR Land Sub-division Background Design Files" NAD83 State Plane coverages and DOQQ aerial images obtained through the Ohio Geographically Referenced Information Program (OGRIP)/Ohio Department of Administrative Services. The design file was then converted to ARC/INFO coverage and projected to State Plane Ohio Coordinates, NAD83:

Projected coordinate system name: NAD_1983_StatePlane_Ohio_South_FIPS_3402_Feet

Geographic coordinate system name: GCS_North_American_1983

A complete county coverage set consists of five data files for the permit area, affected area, and test hole locations. For example, the coverage for Athens County includes:

athens_c_permitted (Athens County, C-permit area polygons) athens_c_affected (Athens County, C-permit affected area polygons) athens_d_permitted (Athens County, D- permit area polygons) athens_d_affected (Athens County, D-permit affected area polygons) athens_testholes (Athens County, Test Hole points)

In addition to the ArcView shape files in the county data sets, the scanned TIF images for source documents are available at DMRM. The scanned mine map depicts information about the operations conducted, environmental resources, and extracted coal resources. If more detailed information is desired, the available archival record for each captured permit can be accessed at either the State Archives at the Ohio Historical Society or the ODNR-DMRM central office.Contact Information:GIS Support, ODNR GIS ServicesOhio Department of Natural ResourcesDivision of Mineral Resources ManagementAbandoned Mine Land Program2045 Morse Rd, Bldg I-2Columbus, OH, 43229Telephone: 614-265-6462Email: gis.support@dnr.ohio.gov

An official index map of tax maps by municipality for the County of Berks Assessment Department.

Download .zipThe A Law Coal Permit Maps county coverage sets were developed using the original mine maps for coal mining and reclamation permits issued under Ohio law from approximately 1966 through 1973. Approximately 1111 A-Permits were issued during this time period, however, only 350 records could be located and captured at this time. The Division of Mineral Resources Management will continue to search for missing A permit archival records as resources allow; additional A permit data may be added to this existing coverage in the future.

Ohio started issuing coal mining licenses in the 1940s. The earliest license and permit requirements were minimal and sometimes did not include submittal of a map or other delineation of the mined area. Significant changes to legal requirements are reflected by the alphabetical designation of each subsequent law revision, i.e., earlier A-law permits (circa 1966) through contemporary D-law permits. The ODNR-Division of Mineral Resources Management (DMRM) has attempted to create as complete a database as possible from available archive records, however, research has identified missing permit files. Thus, this GIS data is known to be incomplete due to the loss of archival records.

The A law permit maps were scanned at a density of 200 dots per inch (dpi). The scanned image was then heads-up digitized using Microstation computer aided design software (CAD) to create design files grouped by county location. Data captured within the design file includes permit boundary and affected boundary and associated attributes. When available, test hole locations and associated attributes were also captured. The design file was then "placed-to-ground" using ODNR Division of Geological Survey's "ODNR Land Subdivision Background Design Files" NAD83 State Plane coverages and DOQQ aerial images obtained through the Ohio Geographically Referenced Information Program (OGRIP)/Ohio Department of Administrative Services. The design file was then converted to ARC/INFO coverage and projected to State Plane Ohio Coordinates, NAD83:

Projected coordinate system name: NAD_1983_StatePlane_Ohio_South_FIPS_3402_Feet or NAD_1983_StatePlane_Ohio_North_FIPS_3401_Feet

Geographic coordinate system name: GCS_North_American_1983

A complete county coverage set consists of three data files for the permit area, affected area, and test hole locations. For example, the coverage for Harrison County includes:

harrison_a_permitted (Harrison County, A-permit area polygons) harrison_a _affected (Harrison County, A-permit affected area polygons) harrison_testholes_a (Harrison County, Test Hole points)

In addition to the ArcView shape files in the county data sets, the scanned TIF images for source documents are available at DMRM. The scanned mine map depicts information about the operations conducted, environmental resources, and extracted coal resources. If more detailed information is desired, the available archival record for each captured permit can be accessed at either the State Archives at the Ohio Historical Society or the ODNR-DMRM central office.Contact Information:GIS Support, ODNR GIS ServicesOhio Department of Natural ResourcesDivision of Mineral Resources ManagementAbandoned Mine Land Program2045 Morse Rd, Bldg I-2Columbus, OH, 43229Telephone: 614-265-6462Email: gis.support@dnr.ohio.gov

Download .zipThis theme shows the county boundaries for the State of Ohio. Boundaries were assembled from individual USGS Quadrangle digital line graph files (dlg) of the boundary layer (bd). These files were obtained from the GIS Support Center, Ohio Department of Administrative Services and were originally prepared by the Ohio State University Center for Mapping in cooperation with the United States Geological Survey with additional funding from several state agencies and other groups. These files were augmented in a few instances with hand digitizing where small missing line segments were found. The Lake Erie shoreline and islands in Lake Erie were added from the Hydrography layer (hy). It should be noted that because the quadrangles used varied over a wide rangle of years this line does not represent a particular water level and is for illustrative purposes only. For example there is a wide offset between the shoreline on the Metzger Marsh Quadrangle and that of the Oak Harbor Quadrangle. This distance is so large that no attempt was made to edgematch the two quadrangles. The line connecting the two shorelines represents the quadrangle boundary. For the purposes of this map Sandusky Bay and Muddy Creek Bay were included as a part of Lake Erie. The Lake Erie shoreline is not meant to represent any Lake Erie shoreline which may be used for regulatory puposes. An updated boundary for Fairfield-Licking-Perry Counties within Buckeye Lake was included by digitizing the boundary from a more recently updated quadrangle map. Conversion from the dlg format to ArcInfo was accomplished using ArcInfo software in conjuction with an AML program to adjust the quadrangles so that their corners fall on the exact coordinates of the quadrangle corners. Due to the way in wihich coordinates are stored in the dlg's there is some variation in the quadrangle corner coordinates.Contact Information:GIS Support, ODNR GIS ServicesOhio Department of Natural ResourcesOffice of Information TechnologyGIS Records2045 Morse Rd, Bldg I-2Columbus, OH, 43229Telephone: 614-265-6462Email: gis.support@dnr.ohio.gov