In June 2025, global inflation rates and central bank interest rates showed significant variation across major economies. Most economies initiated interest rate cuts from mid-2024 due to declining inflationary pressures. The U.S., UK, and EU central banks followed a consistent pattern of regular rate reductions throughout late 2024. In the first half of 2025, Russia maintained the highest interest rate at 20 percent, while Japan retained the lowest at 0.5 percent. Varied inflation rates across major economies The inflation landscape varies considerably among major economies. China had the lowest inflation rate at 0.1 percent in June 2025. In contrast, Russia maintained a high inflation rate of 9.4 percent. These figures align with broader trends observed in early 2025, where China had the lowest inflation rate among major developed and emerging economies, while Russia's rate remained the highest. Central bank responses and economic indicators Central banks globally implemented aggressive rate hikes throughout 2022-23 to combat inflation. The European Central Bank exemplified this trend, raising rates from 0 percent in January 2022 to 4.5 percent by September 2023. A coordinated shift among major central banks began in mid-2024, with the ECB, Bank of England, and Federal Reserve initiating rate cuts, with forecasts suggesting further cuts through 2025 and 2026.

Core consumer prices in the United States increased 2.90 percent in June of 2025 over the same month in the previous year. This dataset provides - United States Core Inflation Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Inflation Rate in Argentina decreased to 39.40 percent in June from 43.50 percent in May of 2025. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Argentina Inflation Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

In 2023, no Latin American or Caribbean country registered deflation in their average consumer prices. Costa Rica had the lowest change compared to the previous year with 0.52 percent. In contrast, the average inflation rate in Venezuela amounted to about 337.46 percent.

Latin America among the highest inflation rates in the world In 2023, the average inflation rate of the region was around 14.41 percent. Which is significantly higher than the global average of 6.78 percent. Some of that is explained by countries such as Venezuela, Argentina, and Suriname ranking in the top then of countries with the highest inflation rate in the world.

Chronic inflation in Latin America Chronic inflation is often defined as persistent high inflation throughout a long time. Some of the common examples of this problem are Venezuela and Argentina, both countries had episodes of hyperinflation, with price increases considerably over 50 percent per month in both cases. The last few years, the global crisis and economic sanctions, attenuated the situation with Argentina reaching once again three-digit inflation and Venezuela exceeding 63,000 percent inflation in 2019.

Senior Technical Analyst Mario Ismailanji provides an update on economic conditions through the first quarter of 2021.

This data package includes the underlying data and files to replicate the calculations, charts, and tables presented in Average Inflation Targeting Would Be a Weak Tool for the Fed to Deal with Recession and Chronic Low Inflation, PIIE Policy Brief 19-16. If you use the data, please cite as: Reifschneider, David, and David Wilcox. (2019). Average Inflation Targeting Would Be a Weak Tool for the Fed to Deal with Recession and Chronic Low Inflation. PIIE Policy Brief 19-16. Peterson Institute for International Economics.

Constellation Brands revises its yearly sales forecast due to inflation-related shifts in consumer spending, impacting its popular Corona and Modelo beer lines.

In March 2025, the inflation rate for food prices in the United Kingdom was measured at three percent. A period of continuous deflation between March 2015 and January 2017 preceded a return to a sustained rise in the cost of food from February 2017 onwards. While food prices were deflating between September 2020 and July 2021, they started increasing rapidly from August 2021 to March 2023. The inflation rate started to decline from April 2023. Inflation rate and consumer price indexInflation is commonly measured via the consumer price index, which illustrates changes to prices paid by consumers for a representative basket of goods and services. An annualized percentage change in the price index constitutes a measure of inflation. In order to maintain an inflation rate at a stable level, to enable the general public and businesses to plan their spending, the Government set a two percent inflation target for the Bank of England. The discounter boom The increase in food prices in the United Kingdom has shifted shopping behaviours amongst consumers. Value is now key and shoppers are changing their retailer loyalties. Aldi, the German discount supermarket retailer, overtook Morrisons as Great Britain's fourth largest supermarket in September of 2022. Aldi's market share reached double digits for the first time in April 2023. It is yet to be seen if Lidl, Aldi's discounter competitor, can also continue to rise up in the ranks and eventually take over Morrisons as the fifth leading food retailer.

A comparative analysis using FRB/US model simulations of inflation dynamics in the services sector during the 1970s versus the 2020s, highlighting structural changes in persistence.

Inflation Rate in Zimbabwe increased to 95.80 percent in July from 92.50 percent in June of 2025. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Zimbabwe Inflation Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

ABSTRACT In 1999 the inflation targeting regime was introduced in Brazil in an environment plenty of uncertainties and relatively high inflation rates. As a consequence, the set of rules that to this day govern the Brazilian regime still lack a strong institutional support. This paper makes some proposals for a permanent inflation targeting regime. In doing so, we discuss how can a greater institutional commitment be achieved with the inflation targeting setup. We also discuss issues on what the permanent inflation target level should be and also how much deviation from the target should be tolerated. Based on these issues, we suggest a set of rules to be adopted in Brazil.

A dataset of mentions, growth rate, and total volume of the keyphrase 'Permanent Inflation Protection' over time.

In 2024, only two Latin American or Caribbean country registered deflation in their average consumer prices. St Lucia and Costa Rica had the lowest change compared to the previous year with -0.45 and -0.41 percent, respectively. In contrast, the average inflation rate in Argentina amounted to about 219.89 percent.

Latin America among the highest inflation rates in the world In 2023, the average inflation rate of the region was around 14.41 percent. Which is significantly higher than the global average of 6.78 percent. Some of that is explained by countries such as Venezuela, Argentina, and Suriname ranking in the top then of countries with the highest inflation rate in the world.

Chronic inflation in Latin America Chronic inflation is often defined as persistent high inflation throughout a long time. Some of the common examples of this problem are Venezuela and Argentina, both countries had episodes of hyperinflation, with price increases considerably over 50 percent per month in both cases. The last few years, the global crisis and economic sanctions, attenuated the situation with Argentina reaching once again three-digit inflation and Venezuela exceeding 63,000 percent inflation in 2019.

In 2024, Japan had an average inflation rate estimated at 2.74 percent, marking the highest rate of inflation in Japan in almost a decade. However, this figure was still very low compared to most other major economies, such as Japan's fellow G7 members, four of which had inflation rates around six or seven percent in 2023 due to the global inflation crisis. Why is Japan's inflation rate lower? There are a number of contributing factors to Japan's relatively low inflation rate, even during economic crises. Japan eased its Covid restrictions more slowly than most other major economies, this prevented post-pandemic consumer spending that may have driven inflation through supply chain issues caused by higher demand. As the majority of Japan's food and energy comes from overseas, and has done so for decades, the government has mechanisms in place to prevent energy and wheat prices from rising too quickly. Because of this, Japan was able to shield its private sector from many of the negative knock on effects from Russia's invasion of Ukraine, which had a significant impact on both sectors globally. Persistent deflation and national debt An additional factor that has eased the impact of inflation on Japan's economy is the fact that it experienced deflation before the pandemic. Deflation has been a persistent problem in Japan since the asset price bubble burst in 1992, and has been symptomatic of Japan's staggering national debt thereafter. For almost 30 years, a combination of quantitative easing, low interest rates (below 0.5 percent since 1995, and at -0.1% since 2016), and a lack of spending due to low wages and an aging population have combined to give Japan the highest national debt in the world in absolute terms, and second-highest debt in relation to its GDP, after Venezuela. Despite this soaring debt, Japan remains the fourth-largest economy in the world, behind the U.S., China, and Germany.

Inflation Rate in Cuba decreased to 24.02 percent in February from 24.23 percent in January of 2025. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Cuba Inflation Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Respiratory support is critically important for survival of newborns who fail to breathe spontaneously at birth. Although there is no internationally accepted definition of a sustained inflation (SI), it has commonly been defined as a positive pressure inflation designed to establish functional residual capacity and applied over a longer time period than normally used in standard respiratory support (SRS). Outcomes vary distinctly between studies and to date there has been no comprehensive investigation of differences in SI approach and study outcome in both pre-clinical and clinical studies. A systematic literature search was performed and, after screening, identified 17 animal studies and 17 clinical studies evaluating use of a SI in newborns compared to SRS during neonatal resuscitation. Study demographics including gestational age, SI parameters (length, repetitions, pressure, method of delivery) and study outcomes were compared. Animal studies provide mechanistic understanding of a SI on the physiology underpinning the cardiorespiratory transition at birth. In clinical studies, there is considerable difference in study quality, delivery of SIs (number, pressure, length) and timing of primary outcome evaluation which limits direct comparison between studies. The largest difference is method of delivery, where the role of a SI has been observed in intubated animals, as the inflation pressure is directly applied to the lung, bypassing the obstructed upper airway in an apnoeic state. This highlights a potential limitation in clinical use of a SI applied non-invasively. Further research is required to identify if a SI may have greater benefits in subpopulations of newborns.

We make substantial progress on understanding the Phillips curve, yielding important monetarypolicy implications. Inflation responds differently to persistent versus moderately persistent (ortransient) fluctuations in the unemployment gap. This persistence-dependent relationship alignswith business-cycle stages, and is consistent with existing theory. Previous work fails to modelthis dependence, thereby finding the numerous “inflation puzzles” – e.g., missinginflation/disinflation – noted in the literature. Our specification eliminates these puzzles; e.g., thePhillips curve has not weakened; inflation’s post-2012 slow upward trudge was predictable. Themodel’s coefficients are stable, and it provides accurate out-of-sample conditional recursiveforecasts through the Great Recession and recovery.Keywords: overheating; recession gap; frequency dependence; NAIRU; Phillips curve.

Graph and download economic data for Producer Price Index by Commodity: Employment Services: Permanent Placement Services (WPU4611) from Mar 2009 to Jun 2025 about services, commodities, employment, PPI, inflation, price index, indexes, price, and USA.

We develop a theoretical framework that rationalizes two hypotheses of long-lasting low-interest rate episodes: deflationary-expectations-traps and secular stagnation in a unified setting. These hypotheses differ in the sign of the theoretical correlation between inflation and output growth that they imply. Using the data from Japan over 1998:Q1-2019:Q4, we find that the data favor the expectations-trap hypothesis. The superior model fit of the expectations trap relies on its ability to generate the observed negative correlation between inflation and output growth.

Many countries mandate inflation control as the paramount objective for monetary policy. Critics argue, however, that such a narrow focus compromises monetary authorities' responsibility to preserve stability of the financial system and that a more limited focus on inflation control could increase financial instability. The authors examine the economic histories of the United States, the United Kingdom, and Canada, and determine that most episodes of severe financial instability occurred during disinflationary periods that followed sustained inflation. They conclude that the evidence appears to support the claims of those who argue that control of inflation could enhance, rather than detract from, the stability of a financial system.