Stop relying on outdated and inaccurate databases and let Wiza be your source of truth for all deal sourcing and founder / CEO outreach.

Why we're different: The search fund market is dynamic and competitive - Wiza is not a static financial database that gets refreshed on occasion. Every datapoint is sourced and verified the moment that you receive the information. We verify deliverability of every single email ahead of providing the data, and we ensure that each person in your dataset has 100% job title and company accuracy by leveraging Linkedin Data sourced through their live Linkedin profile.

Key Features:

Comprehensive Data Coverage: Stop contacting the same people as everyone else. Wiza's search fund Data is sourced live, not stored in a limited database. When you tell us the type of company or person you would like to contact, we leverage Linkedin Data (the largest, most accurate database in the world) to find everyone who matches your ICP, and then we source the contact data and company data in real-time.

High-Quality, Accurate Data: Wiza ensures accuracy of all datapoints by taking a few key steps that other data providers fail to take: (1) Every email is SMTP verified ahead of delivery, ensuring they will not bounce (2) Every person's Linkedin profile is checked live to ensure we have 100% job title, company, location, etc. accuracy, ahead of providing any data (3) Phone numbers are constantly being verified with AI to ensure accuracy

Linkedin Data: Wiza is able to provide Linkedin Data points, sourced live from each person's Linkedin profile, including Subtitle, Bio, Job Title, Job Description, Skills, Languages, Certifications, Work History, Education, Open to Work, Premium Status, and more!

Personal Data: Wiza has access to industry leading volumes of B2C Contact Data, meaning you can find gmail/yahoo/hotmail email addresses, and mobile phone number data to contact your potential partners.

In 2023, the number of data compromises in the United States stood at 3,205 cases. Meanwhile, over 353 million individuals were affected in the same year by data compromises, including data breaches, leakage, and exposure. While these are three different events, they have one thing in common. As a result of all three incidents, the sensitive data is accessed by an unauthorized threat actor. Industries most vulnerable to data breaches Some industry sectors usually see more significant cases of private data violations than others. This is determined by the type and volume of the personal information organizations of these sectors store. In 2022, healthcare, financial services, and manufacturing were the three industry sectors that recorded most data breaches. The number of healthcare data breaches in the United States has gradually increased within the past few years. In the financial sector, data compromises increased almost twice between 2020 and 2022, while manufacturing saw an increase of more than three times in data compromise incidents. Largest data exposures worldwide In 2020, an adult streaming website, CAM4, experienced a leakage of nearly 11 billion records. This, by far, is the most extensive reported data leakage. This case, though, is unique because cyber security researchers found the vulnerability before the cyber criminals. The second-largest data breach is the Yahoo data breach, dating back to 2013. The company first reported about one billion exposed records, then later, in 2017, came up with an updated number of leaked records, which was three billion. In March 2018, the third biggest data breach happened, involving India’s national identification database Aadhaar. As a result of this incident, over 1.1 billion records were exposed.

In a survey on personal data breaches in India conducted in August 2022, the majority of respondents reported that their personal details were leaked from databases or were published in the public domain by government bodies, banks, and telecom companies. Meanwhile, less than 10 percent of the respondents reported that their personal details had not been compromised.

Stop relying on outdated and inaccurate databases and lists and let Wiza be your source of truth for all plastics outreach.

Why we're different: Healthcare Professionals are not easy to get in contact with - Wiza is not a static database that gets refreshed on occasion. Every datapoint is sourced and verified the moment that you receive the information. We verify deliverability of every single email ahead of providing the data, and we ensure that each person in your dataset has 100% data accuracy by leveraging Linkedin Data sourced through their live Linkedin profile.

Key Features:

Comprehensive Data Coverage: Stop contacting the same healthcare professionals as everyone else. Wiza's search fund Data is sourced live, not stored in a limited database. We source the contact data in real-time based on everyone who is currently a plastic surgeon on Linkedin at the time of request.

High-Quality, Accurate Data: Wiza ensures accuracy of all datapoints by taking a few key steps that other data providers fail to take: (1) Every email is SMTP verified ahead of delivery, ensuring they will not bounce (2) Every person's Linkedin profile is checked live to ensure we have 100% job title, company, location, etc. accuracy, ahead of providing any data (3) Phone numbers are constantly being verified with AI to ensure accuracy

Linkedin Data: Wiza is able to provide Linkedin Data points, sourced live from each person's Linkedin profile, including Subtitle, Bio, Job Title, Job Description, Skills, Languages, Certifications, Work History, Education, Open to Work, Premium Status, and more!

Personal Data: Wiza has access to industry leading volumes of B2C Contact Data, meaning you can find gmail/yahoo/hotmail email addresses, and mobile phone number data to contact your plastic surgeons.

This database is an addendum to the article "Privacy Perceptions in Digital Games: A Study with Information Technology (IT) Undergraduates" to provide information regarding the anonymously collected data.

Abstract of the article

This study explores the perceptions and practices of undergraduates in Information Technology (IT) regarding privacy issues in digital games. This topic becomes relevant in the current scenario where artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly integrated into digital games, providing an enhanced experience for players. However, this integration poses security and privacy challenges, the understanding of which is crucial for both players and developers.
The primary objective of this research is to comprehend the participants' perceptions and understandings of privacy in digital games. We employed a qualitative and quantitative methodology to address our research inquiries. Through an online form of data collection, we obtained 61 responses. Among the obtained information, we observed that 40\% of the students are interested in pursuing a career in game development, and 49.18% would consider this possibility. Noteworthy among the identified issues is the necessity for companies to devise more effective means of communicating their privacy policies to players/users, adapting the language to their target audience. Participants reported attacks related to online multiplayer games and expressed concerns about the security of personal data.

Market Summary of Database Security Market:

• The Global Database Security market size in 2023 was XX Million. The Database Security Industry's compound annual growth rate (CAGR) will be XX% from 2024 to 2031. • The database security industry is growing faster and is expected to expand at a faster rate due to these strict regulatory frameworks. Also, the increase in advanced technology for better protection of data is driving the growth of the Database security market. • The dominating segment is the software. It includes encryption, auditing, tokenization, data masking, and access control management. • Due to the increase in internet users, remote working demand, and risk of data breaches, the COVID-19 pandemic has had a beneficial effect on the market for data security solutions. • The database security market is dominated by North America in terms of both revenue and market share. This can be attributed to the region's concentration of significant industry participants and increasing technical advancements in their product line.

Market Dynamics of Database Security Market:

Key Drivers of Database Security Market:

An increase in advanced technology for better protection of data is driving the growth of the Database security market

Retail, banking, healthcare, and government are just a few of the industries where a strong data security plan could help companies stay compliant and lower their exposure to threats. When data is used by the principles of availability, confidentiality, and integrity, it becomes the most precious resource that aids in decision-making, strategic endeavor execution, and the development of closer relationships between companies and their clients. For Instance, Records from thousands of people assembled and reindexed leaks, breaches, and privately sold databases are part of a supermassive Mother of all Breaches or MOAB. The huge release includes information from multiple earlier breaches, totaling an incredible 12 gigabytes of data covering an incredible 26 billion records. The leak is most likely the biggest to be found to date and includes user data from Tencent, Weibo, LinkedIn, Twitter, and other networks.(Source: https://cybernews.com/security/billions-passwords-credentials-leaked-mother-of-all-breaches/) Hence, the protection of data is of utmost importance in almost all sectors. Hardware-based security, data backup and resilience, data erasure, data masking, encryption, firewalls, and authentication and authorization are examples of data security technologies. It is essential to corporate development, operations, and financing. Companies can better comply with regulatory standards and avoid data breaches and reputational harm by securing their data. Data is locked up by modern encryption methods with a single key, making it only accessible to the key holder. AES-compliant standards are used by many databases to encrypt data. These remedies are the most robust against hardware loss, possibly due to theft. The data is protected even if the encryption key is incorrect. For Instance, An innovative method for protecting personal information for use with generative artificial intelligence has been released, according to security company Baffle. Assuring that their regulated data is compliant and cryptographically safe, Baffle Data Protection for AI interacts with current data pipelines to help businesses expedite generative AI initiatives. According to Baffle, the method encrypts sensitive data using the advanced encryption standard (AES) algorithm so that outside parties cannot view private information in plaintext. (Source: https://baffle.io/news/baffle-releases-encryption-solution-to-secure-data-for-generative-ai/) Hence, technology is playing an important role in reducing data breaches and protecting data, which is eventually increasing the market for database security as many companies require data protection.

The Database Security Market is driven by the strict regulatory framework to address information security

Regulatory frameworks can establish standards that developers and users must follow to guarantee a secure database. The market is growing as a result of increasingly stringent regulations enforced globally to protect sensitive data by governments and other relevant authorities in numerous nations. ...

GDPR-Masked Whois Database, discover comprehensive ownership details, registration dates, and more for domains registered in GDPR-Masked with Whois Data Center.

McGRAW’s B2C to B2B Link 360 Masterfile offers an unprecedented connection between business and consumer data, combining over 80 million contacts with extensive demographic and professional data. This unique B2B-to-B2C overlay database, updated monthly, is designed to meet a range of B2B and B2C marketing, sales, and data science needs. It enables organizations to target business owners and executives, along with their corresponding consumer profiles, making it ideal for generating leads, segmenting audiences, and personalizing campaigns.

Key Features of McGRAW B2B and B2C Link 360 Masterfile

1. B2B and Consumer Data Linkage

• McGRAW B2B and B2C Link 360 Masterfile establishes a proprietary connection between business executives' professional and consumer profiles, enabling rich insights with both business and personal data. This link allows marketers to engage with contacts across professional and consumer dimensions.

1. Comprehensive Data Elements

• Consumer Profile: Over 300 data elements, including demographics, homeownership status, vehicle preferences, behavioral and intent data, and purchasing history.
• Business Profile: Firmographics, industry classifications, revenue, employee count, and titles, providing a 360° view of target contacts.

1. Quantitative & Qualitative Insights

   • Self-reported lifestyle data, along with verified social media profiles, enhances personal connections, enabling marketers to create more personalized and targeted campaigns.

2. Monthly Updates with High Fill Rates

   • Updated monthly, with 200-300K new company connections added regularly.
   • Maintains high fill rates, including 98% on business contact titles, 100% on 2-digit SIC industry codes, and extensive reach across 20 million business sites.

B2B Default Outputs: - Company Information: Name, Address, Industry, Revenue, Employee Count, Founded Year - Contact Information: Name, Email, Phone, Title - Geolocation Data: Latitude, Longitude, DMA, MSA information

B2C Default Outputs: - Consumer Demographics: Age, Income, Education, Ethnicity - Behavioral Insights: Interests, Vehicle Ownership, Homeownership - Financial Information: Income, Net Worth, Marital Status

Additional Outputs Available - Geographic & Address Details: Including SIC, NAICS codes, full address, HQ information - Personal & Professional Contacts: With LinkedIn, Twitter, Facebook profiles, personal identifiers - Enhanced Demographic Data: Race, Language, Religion, Occupation, Education Level

Additional Services

• Data Enhancement: Append consumer and business emails, LinkedIn profiles, and contact discovery to enrich existing records.
• Verification Services: Ensures data quality via call center-based business record validation.

McGRAW B2B and B2C Link 360 Masterfile database is a sophisticated, all-in-one data solution enabling businesses to enhance their outreach, improve targeting precision, and optimize their data resources for maximum impact across both B2B and B2C channels.

This database is part of the National Medical Information System (NMIS). The National Health Care Practitioner Database (NHCPD) supports Veterans Health Administration Privacy Act requirements by segregating personal information about health care practitioners such as name and social security number from patient information recorded in the National Patient Care Database for Ambulatory Care Reporting and Primary Care Management Module.

Small Business Continuum: Empowering B2B Marketing at the Core of Small Business Leadership

Small Business Contact Datasets Small Business Contact Data Small Business Contact Databases In the vibrant ecosystem of small businesses, where swift and decisive action is key, Small Business Continuum emerges as a pivotal digital audience data tool, meticulously crafted to empower B2B marketers in reaching and influencing C-level decision-makers and owners of companies with fewer than 250 employees. Safe for you to Email - We Email Newsletters to the Data Targeted Reach for Unparalleled Marketing Precision

Small Business Continuum boasts a comprehensive database of over 500,000 small business leaders. This powerful tool allows for precise targeting, enabling you to connect with your audience based on specific criteria such as business size, industry sector, geographic location, and leadership roles. This level of detail ensures that your marketing efforts are directed at the most influential individuals in the small business domain.

Direct Email Marketing: Engaging Leaders with Precision Safe for you to Email - We Email Newsletters to the Data Leverage our meticulously curated email database to send personalized, relevant content directly to the inboxes of small business leaders. Our continually updated database ensures high deliverability and engagement, allowing your messages to resonate with the decision-makers.

Telemarketing: Personal Connections, Powerful Conversations Small Business Contact Datasets Small Business Contact Data Small Business Contact Databases With Small Business Continuum, your telemarketing campaigns gain access to verified phone numbers of key decision-makers. Engage in meaningful, one-on-one conversations with small business owners and C-level executives, establishing trust and laying the groundwork for successful business relationships.

Digital Display Advertising: Captivating the Digital Savvy Leaders

Harness the power of digital display advertising to catch the eye of small business leaders. Our data-driven approach ensures your ads are not just seen but engaged with by your target audience, maximizing the impact of your digital marketing efforts.

Postal Mail: Tangible Impressions for Lasting Impact

In a world where digital communication is omnipresent, the tangible nature of postal mail creates a lasting impression. Utilize our extensive postal database to send targeted, physical marketing materials directly into the hands of small business decision-makers, adding a personal touch to your marketing strategy.

LinkedIn Outreach: Building Valuable Connections with Business Leaders

Small Business Continuum elevates your LinkedIn marketing strategy by bridging the gap between digital data and professional networking. Our tool provides a unique advantage – the integration of our rich data with LinkedIn profiles. This integration allows your marketing and sales teams to target small business leaders with unparalleled precision.

Personalized InMail Campaigns: Utilize our data to craft personalized InMail messages that speak directly to the interests and needs of small business owners and C-level executives. This approach ensures higher engagement rates and fosters meaningful professional relationships.

Strategic Connection Building: With access to detailed profiles, your team can send targeted connection requests to industry-specific decision-makers, expanding your network with the right contacts.

Content That Resonates: Align your content strategy with the insights garnered from our data. Share articles, insights, and updates that resonate with the small business community, establishing your brand as a thought leader in the space.

Verification via LinkedIn URL: Ensuring Authentic and Current Data

To maintain the integrity and relevance of our database, Small Business Continuum includes a verification feature via LinkedIn URLs for each contact. This ensures that:

Data Accuracy: Our database remains accurate and up-to-date, as LinkedIn profiles are often among the first places professionals update their information.

Relevant Connections: You connect with active professionals currently engaged in their respective fields, enhancing the effectiveness of your outreach efforts.

Trust and Credibility: Having verified LinkedIn profiles increases the trustworthiness of your outreach, as recipients can see a direct link to a professional and current online presence.

Conclusion: Navigating the Digital Networking Landscape with Confidence

With Small Business Continuum, your business not only reaches but also engages with small business leaders on a platform where they are most active – LinkedIn. By leveraging targeted data, personalized outreach, and verified connections, your LinkedIn strategy becomes a powerful component of your overall marketing efforts, positioning you at the forefront of B2B marketing in the small business sec...

The largest reported data leakage as of January 2024 was the Cam4 data breach in March 2020, which exposed more than 10 billion data records. The second-largest data breach in history so far, the Yahoo data breach, occurred in 2013. The company initially reported about one billion exposed data records, but after an investigation, the company updated the number, revealing that three billion accounts were affected. The National Public Data Breach was announced in August 2024. The incident became public when personally identifiable information of individuals became available for sale on the dark web. Overall, the security professionals estimate the leakage of nearly three billion personal records. The next significant data leakage was the March 2018 security breach of India's national ID database, Aadhaar, with over 1.1 billion records exposed. This included biometric information such as identification numbers and fingerprint scans, which could be used to open bank accounts and receive financial aid, among other government services.

Cybercrime - the dark side of digitalization As the world continues its journey into the digital age, corporations and governments across the globe have been increasing their reliance on technology to collect, analyze and store personal data. This, in turn, has led to a rise in the number of cyber crimes, ranging from minor breaches to global-scale attacks impacting billions of users – such as in the case of Yahoo. Within the U.S. alone, 1802 cases of data compromise were reported in 2022. This was a marked increase from the 447 cases reported a decade prior. The high price of data protection As of 2022, the average cost of a single data breach across all industries worldwide stood at around 4.35 million U.S. dollars. This was found to be most costly in the healthcare sector, with each leak reported to have cost the affected party a hefty 10.1 million U.S. dollars. The financial segment followed closely behind. Here, each breach resulted in a loss of approximately 6 million U.S. dollars - 1.5 million more than the global average.

Database of the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration that allows users to search by keyword or category. Specific topics in personal history, private sectors, places, wars or time periods can be chosen to help filter your research findings of the 85 million electronic records that have been made available.

Information database for Intelligence Analysis. Personal Data - As relating to formal role in scheme - address, telephone number, email address. Openly available company information as downloaded from external sources. Restricted data from Recovery Plans as submitted by trustees, with internal calibration results. Restricted information regarding TPR inerventions in scheme as downloaded from Nova. Subjective risk assessments applied to corporate events which may impact a pension scheme.

LGPN began using information technology to store and manipulate its data as far back as 1975. Alongside the publication programme, and despite the electronic upheavals which have marked the last 40 years, LGPN has maintained the material from all the published volumes in a consistent state in a relational database, which was designed in 1984 to reflect the potential research values of all the fields which make up an LGPN entry i.e. not only names, but places, dates, references, relationships, statuses etc.

The database is the final repository of material once it has been edited, and from it:

• printed volumes are generated and typeset by computer program;

• research questions may be answered, for our own work and for researchers who contact us;

• data are generated for online dissemination: currently, statistics (numbers of people and names, distribution by gender, place), name indexes and bibliographies;

• primary names are output for online analysis in a variety of fonts.

Online facilities based on the current database include:

• online searches: search and analyse over 35,000 published names, the LGPN website, or the LGPN database;

• files for downloading: bibliographies, forward and reverse name indexes, from LGPN I-VA;

• addenda and corrigenda: to LGPN II, Attica (1987), with supplementary bibliography, posted by Sean Byrne.

• LGPN IIA: the completely revised LGPN II, provided to the LGPN database by Sean Byrne. Full data are not yet available on this site, but the forward and reverse name indexes are available as downloadable files, and statistics about persons, names and places, are posted.

• more general statistics: in preparation.

Further guidelines may be found at http://www.lgpn.ox.ac.uk/project/guidelines.html

Meanwhile, Elaine Matthews and Sebastian Rahtz worked on a major conversion project using the Text Encoding Initiative (TEI) and Extensible Mark-up Language (XML), as the basis for LGPN's long-term preservation, online dissemination, and interoperability with other online resources.

As an ongoing project, data is not yet deposited in ORA-Data or other data repository. Researchers are welcome to use the online data for their own research purposes but should acknowledge the original source, and re-use should not be for commercial purposes. Meanwhile, enquiries should go to lgpn@classics.ox.ac.uk. The purpose and scope of the 'Lexicon of Greek Personal Names' is to collect and publish with documentation all known ancient Greek personal names (including non-Greek names recorded in Greek, and Greek names in Latin), drawn from all available sources (literature, inscriptions, graffiti, papyri, coins, vases and other artefacts), within the period from the earliest Greek written records down to, approximately, the sixth century A.D. The work thus starts with the period of epichoric scripts, embraces the classical and hellenistic periods of Greek history, following dialect and the development of koine, and continues through the period of the Roman Empire when Greek nomenclature underwent changes as a result of Roman rule, and religious, social and other factors. Excluded names include mythological and heroic names, Mycenaean names, later Byzantine names and geographical names. The project was established in 1972 as a Major Research Project of the British Academy, at the suggestion of Peter Marshall Fraser, Fellow of All Souls College, Oxford and a Fellow of the Academy. On acceptance of the proposal, Fraser was appointed Director of the project and Chairman of an advisory committee. From the start, LGPN involved international collaboration, scholars from many countries being invited to contribute material and advice; but the Editors and central staff have always worked in Oxford. In October 1996, the project became part of Oxford University, under the aegis of the Faculty of Literae Humaniores, now the Faculty of Classics. The project is ongoing and receives funding from the Arts and Humanities Research Council, the British Academy, and the Academy of Athens.

The database POPLINK is a longitudinal population database under construction with the support of Riksbankens Jubileumsfond and Umeå University. The database contains personal data of the regions Umeå and Skellefteå during the period 1700-1950. In the beginning of 2014, there was information on approximately 600 000 individuals, 3,3 millions entries and up to 15 generations. This makes POPLINK to one of the world’s largest and most detailed population databases.

The database is a resource in many areas of research. Not least because of the possibility to link together POPLINK with other modern registers. This means, among other things, that the life sciences can investigate how nature and nurture influence the development of our most common national diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and diabetes. Within the social sciences and the humanities, the increasing access to personal records brings about an opportunity for new perspectives on the rise of the welfare state and the time that shaped the modern Sweden.

POPLINK is a research database, which means that only academic researchers can be given access after approval from the Regional Ethical Review Board.

Purpose:

The Demographic Database (DDB) is a special unit at Umeå University with activities focused on two main areas: data production and research. DDB creates and makes available population databases, mainly based on historical information in parish registers during the 18th, 19th, and 20th centuries.

This project orignally was undertaken to compile a definitive database on the personal, social, economic, career, and political attributes of judges who served on the United States Courts of Appeals from 1801 to 1994 - it has now been updated to include information through the year 2000. The database includes conventional social background variables such as appointing president, religion, political party affiliation, education, and prior experience. In addition, unique items are provided: the temporal sequence of prior career experiences, the timing of and reason for leaving the bench, gender, race and ethnicity, position numbering analogous to the scheme used for the Supreme Court, American Bar Association rating, and net worth (for judges who began service on the bench after 1978). The second objective of this project was to merge these data with a multi-user database on United States Courts of Appeals decisions that is headed by Donald Songer and funded by the National Science Foundation. That database includes a unique identification number for each judge participating in a particular decision. The combined databases should enable scholars to explore: (1) intra- and inter-circuit fluctuation in the distribution of social background characteristics, (2) generational and presidential cohort variation in these attributes, and (3) state and partisan control of seats. The collection also facilitates the construction of models that examine the effects of personal attributes on decision-making, while controlling for the conditions above.

The World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators database contains time series data for more than 180 telecommunication/ICT (Information and Communication Technologies) statistics. It covers fixed-telephone networks, mobile-cellular telephone subscriptions, quality of service, Internet (including fixed- and mobile-broadband subscription data), traffic, staff, prices, revenue, investment and statistics on ICT access and use by households and individuals. Selected demographic, macroeconomic and broadcasting statistics are also included. The data is for the years 1960, 1965, 1970 and annually from 1975 to 2017. The WTI Database also includes: Economy yearbook pages featuring in the Yearbook of Statistics. These pages show data in economy tables allowing readers to view the evolution of telecommunication services by economy. Statistics are provided for the ten-year period 2007-2017. The latest (2017) data on ICT access and use by households and individuals. Data are presented in tables and broken down by socio-demographic variables, such as age, sex, income and education level etc. Please note: The World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators database is a relational database which must be used with the associated Software Application. In order to search and extract data from the Data file, users will need to download and install the Application and the Data file to the same folder on their personal computers. The database must be installed by first launching the executable (ending in “.exe”) file.

ABSTRACT

The Albero study analyzes the personal transitions of a cohort of high school students at the end of their studies. The data consist of (a) the longitudinal social network of the students, before (n = 69) and after (n = 57) finishing their studies; and (b) the longitudinal study of the personal networks of each of the participants in the research. The two observations of the complete social network are presented in two matrices in Excel format. For each respondent, two square matrices of 45 alters of their personal networks are provided, also in Excel format. For each respondent, both psychological sense of community and frequency of commuting is provided in a SAV file (SPSS). The database allows the combined analysis of social networks and personal networks of the same set of individuals.

INTRODUCTION

Ecological transitions are key moments in the life of an individual that occur as a result of a change of role or context. This is the case, for example, of the completion of high school studies, when young people start their university studies or try to enter the labor market. These transitions are turning points that carry a risk or an opportunity (Seidman & French, 2004). That is why they have received special attention in research and psychological practice, both from a developmental point of view and in the situational analysis of stress or in the implementation of preventive strategies.

The data we present in this article describe the ecological transition of a group of young people from Alcala de Guadaira, a town located about 16 kilometers from Seville. Specifically, in the “Albero” study we monitored the transition of a cohort of secondary school students at the end of the last pre-university academic year. It is a turning point in which most of them began a metropolitan lifestyle, with more displacements to the capital and a slight decrease in identification with the place of residence (Maya-Jariego, Holgado & Lubbers, 2018).

Normative transitions, such as the completion of studies, affect a group of individuals simultaneously, so they can be analyzed both individually and collectively. From an individual point of view, each student stops attending the institute, which is replaced by new interaction contexts. Consequently, the structure and composition of their personal networks are transformed. From a collective point of view, the network of friendships of the cohort of high school students enters into a gradual process of disintegration and fragmentation into subgroups (Maya-Jariego, Lubbers & Molina, 2019).

These two levels, individual and collective, were evaluated in the “Albero” study. One of the peculiarities of this database is that we combine the analysis of a complete social network with a survey of personal networks in the same set of individuals, with a longitudinal design before and after finishing high school. This allows combining the study of the multiple contexts in which each individual participates, assessed through the analysis of a sample of personal networks (Maya-Jariego, 2018), with the in-depth analysis of a specific context (the relationships between a promotion of students in the institute), through the analysis of the complete network of interactions. This potentially allows us to examine the covariation of the social network with the individual differences in the structure of personal networks.

PARTICIPANTS

The social network and personal networks of the students of the last two years of high school of an institute of Alcala de Guadaira (Seville) were analyzed. The longitudinal follow-up covered approximately a year and a half. The first wave was composed of 31 men (44.9%) and 38 women (55.1%) who live in Alcala de Guadaira, and who mostly expect to live in Alcala (36.2%) or in Seville (37.7%) in the future. In the second wave, information was obtained from 27 men (47.4%) and 30 women (52.6%).

DATE STRUCTURE AND ARCHIVES FORMAT

The data is organized in two longitudinal observations, with information on the complete social network of the cohort of students of the last year, the personal networks of each individual and complementary information on the sense of community and frequency of metropolitan movements, among other variables.

Social network

The file “Red_Social_t1.xlsx” is a valued matrix of 69 actors that gathers the relations of knowledge and friendship between the cohort of students of the last year of high school in the first observation. The file “Red_Social_t2.xlsx” is a valued matrix of 57 actors obtained 17 months after the first observation.

The data is organized in two longitudinal observations, with information on the complete social network of the cohort of students of the last year, the personal networks of each individual and complementary information on the sense of community and frequency of metropolitan movements, among other variables.

In order to generate each complete social network, the list of 77 students enrolled in the last year of high school was passed to the respondents, asking that in each case they indicate the type of relationship, according to the following values: 1, “his/her name sounds familiar"; 2, "I know him/her"; 3, "we talk from time to time"; 4, "we have good relationship"; and 5, "we are friends." The two resulting complete networks are represented in Figure 2. In the second observation, it is a comparatively less dense network, reflecting the gradual disintegration process that the student group has initiated.

Personal networks

Also in this case the information is organized in two observations. The compressed file “Redes_Personales_t1.csv” includes 69 folders, corresponding to personal networks. Each folder includes a valued matrix of 45 alters in CSV format. Likewise, in each case a graphic representation of the network obtained with Visone (Brandes and Wagner, 2004) is included. Relationship values range from 0 (do not know each other) to 2 (know each other very well).

Second, the compressed file “Redes_Personales_t2.csv” includes 57 folders, with the information equivalent to each respondent referred to the second observation, that is, 17 months after the first interview. The structure of the data is the same as in the first observation.

Sense of community and metropolitan displacements

The SPSS file “Albero.sav” collects the survey data, together with some information-summary of the network data related to each respondent. The 69 rows correspond to the 69 individuals interviewed, and the 118 columns to the variables related to each of them in T1 and T2, according to the following list:

 • Socio-economic data.


 • Data on habitual residence.


 • Information on intercity journeys.


 • Identity and sense of community.


 • Personal network indicators.


 • Social network indicators.

DATA ACCESS

Social networks and personal networks are available in CSV format. This allows its use directly with UCINET, Visone, Pajek or Gephi, among others, and they can be exported as Excel or text format files, to be used with other programs.

The visual representation of the personal networks of the respondents in both waves is available in the following album of the Graphic Gallery of Personal Networks on Flickr: https://www.flickr.com/photos/25906481@N07/albums/72157667029974755.

In previous work we analyzed the effects of personal networks on the longitudinal evolution of the socio-centric network. It also includes additional details about the instruments applied. In case of using the data, please quote the following reference:

Maya-Jariego, I., Holgado, D. & Lubbers, M. J. (2018). Efectos de la estructura de las redes personales en la red sociocéntrica de una cohorte de estudiantes en transición de la enseñanza secundaria a la universidad. Universitas Psychologica, 17(1), 86-98. https://doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana.upsy17-1.eerp

The English version of this article can be downloaded from: https://tinyurl.com/yy9s2byl

CONCLUSION

The database of the “Albero” study allows us to explore the co-evolution of social networks and personal networks. In this way, we can examine the mutual dependence of individual trajectories and the structure of the relationships of the cohort of students as a whole. The complete social network corresponds to the same context of interaction: the secondary school. However, personal networks collect information from the different contexts in which the individual participates. The structural properties of personal networks may partly explain individual differences in the position of each student in the entire social network. In turn, the properties of the entire social network partly determine the structure of opportunities in which individual trajectories are displayed.

The longitudinal character and the combination of the personal networks of individuals with a common complete social network, make this database have unique characteristics. It may be of interest both for multi-level analysis and for the study of individual differences.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The fieldwork for this study was supported by the Complementary Actions of the Ministry of Education and Science (SEJ2005-25683), and was part of the project “Dynamics of actors and networks across levels: individuals, groups, organizations and social settings” (2006 -2009) of the European Science Foundation (ESF). The data was presented for the first time on June 30, 2009, at the European Research Collaborative Project Meeting on Dynamic Analysis of Networks and Behaviors, held at the Nuffield College of the University of Oxford.

REFERENCES

Brandes, U., & Wagner, D. (2004). Visone - Analysis and Visualization of Social Networks. In M. Jünger, & P. Mutzel (Eds.), Graph Drawing Software (pp. 321-340). New York: Springer-Verlag.

Maya-Jariego, I. (2018). Why name generators with a fixed number of alters may be

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