The dataset contains the population resident in the Municipality of Pisa at 31/12 of the year indicated, grouped by age and sex. Residents from 0 to 100 years of age are considered. Entities: Municipality of Pisa - Demographic Area Data mobility: Annual Origin: population register Web page editor and data extractions: Dr Nicola Guerrini – Information Services – email n.guerrini@comune.pisa.it Responsible for the data: Dr Alessandro Corucci – Demographic Services – email a.corucci@comune.pisa.it

The dataset contains the most used surnames of residents of the Municipality of Pisa in the given year. Data above 19 occurrences shall be published. Entities: Municipality of Pisa - Demographic Area Data mobility: Annual Origin: population register Web page editor and data extractions: Dr Nicola Guerrini – Information Services – email n.guerrini@comune.pisa.it Responsible for the data: Dr Alessandro Corucci – Demographic Services – email a.corucci@comune.pisa.it

The multi-step method here applied in studying the genetic structure of a low dispersal and philopatric species, like the Fire Salamander Salamandra salamandra, was proved to be effective in identifying the hierarchical structure of population living in broadleaved forest ecosystems in Northern Italy. In this study 477 salamander larvae, collected in 28 sampling populations (SPs) in the Prealpine and in the foothill areas of Northern Italy, were genotyped at 16 specie-specific microsatellites. SPs showed a significant overall genetic variation (Global FST=0.032, p<0.001). The genetic population structure was assessed by using STRUCTURE 2.3.4. We found two main genetic groups, one represented by populations inhabiting the Prealpine belt, which maintain connections with those of the Eastern foothill lowland (PEF), and a second group with the populations of the Western foothill lowland (WF). The two groups were significantly distinct with a Global FST of 0.010 (p<0.001). While the first group showed a moderate structure, with only one divergent sampling population (Global FST =0.006, p<0.001), the second group proved more structured being divided in four clusters (Global FST=0.017, p=0.058). This genetic population structure should be due to the large conurbations and main roads that separate the WF group from the Prealpine belt and the Eastern foothill lowland. The adopted methods allowed the analysis of the genetic population structure of Fire Salamander from wide to local scale, identifying different degrees of genetic divergence of their populations derived from forest fragmentation induced by urban and infrastructure sprawl.

In the academic year 2022/2023, over 103,000 students were enrolled at La Sapienza University of Rome, the largest Italian university. Pegaso online University followed with 95,000 enrollments. Around 79,000 students attended classes in Bologna, the oldest university in the world and the best in the country. Finally, the University of Turin collected 72,000 students. In total, 1.9 million undergraduates were enrolled at Italian universities. Ancient, public, and digital higher education Among the 20 largest Italian universities, 16 of them are public institutes. The four private universities are the Catholic University of Milan and three online universities. Among them, Pegaso University was founded in 2006 and counts 95,000 students. Many of the world's oldest higher-learning institutions are located in Italy. The University of Bologna is the oldest university, continuously operating since 1088. In 1222, scholars from Bologna founded the University of Padua. Two years later, in 1224, the University of Naples Federico II was established, the oldest public and secular institution globally. In the 14th century were constituted the universities of Perugia, Siena, Pisa, and Pavia. Popular courses of study Back in the Middle Ages, the University of Bologna offered mainly subjects of liberal arts, law, and theology. However, these seem to rank lower among the most common degrees nowadays. Almost 264,000 students in Italy enrolled in economics programs, the most popular field of study. Moreover, medicine was the second most chosen degree program.

The dataset contains the emigrations of residents of the Municipality of Pisa to other municipalities in the year indicated, grouped by municipality of destination. Data above 7 occurrences are published. Entities: Municipality of Pisa - Demographic Area Data mobility: Annual Origin: population register Web page editor and data extractions: Dr Nicola Guerrini – Information Services – email n.guerrini@comune.pisa.it Responsible for the data: Dr Alessandro Corucci – Demographic Services – email a.corucci@comune.pisa.it

Population résidente de la municipalité de Pise au 31/12 regroupée par nationalité et sexe. Les données au-dessus de 4 occurrences sont publiées. Série historique 2001-2013. Entités: Municipalité de Pise - Zone démographique Mobilité des données: Annuel Origine : registre de la population Éditeur de page web et extractions de données: Dr Nicola Guerrini – Services d’information – courriel n.guerrini@comune.pisa.it Responsable des données: Dr Alessandro Corucci – Services démographiques – courriel a.corucci@comune.pisa.it Période : 2001-2013

L'ensemble de données contient la population résidant dans la municipalité de Pise au 31/12 de l'année indiquée, regroupée par état civil et sexe. Entités: Municipalité de Pise - Zone démographique Mobilité des données: Annuel Origine : registre de la population Éditeur de page web et extractions de données: Dr Nicola Guerrini – Services d’information – courriel n.guerrini@comune.pisa.it Responsable des données: Dr Alessandro Corucci – Services démographiques – courriel a.corucci@comune.pisa.it