Business Confidence in the United States increased to 49 points in June from 48.50 points in May of 2025. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - United States ISM Purchasing Managers Index (PMI) - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Business Confidence in China decreased to 49.30 points in July from 49.70 points in June of 2025. This dataset provides - China Business Confidence - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

In March 2025, the Composite Purchasing Managers Index (PMI) in the United Kingdom was 52, compared with 50.5 in the previous month. Following the COVID-19 outbreak, the composite PMI fell from 53 in February 2020, to 13.8 by April, highlighting the dire economic situation brought on by the pandemic. The composite PMI recovered from July onwards, but fell to 49 in November 2020, with a slight recovery in December preceding an even further drop to 41.2 in January 2021.

The global hydraulic rope suspended grab market, currently valued at approximately $1.6 billion (2025), is projected to experience steady growth, with a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 3.8% from 2025 to 2033. This growth is driven by increasing demand from construction and industrial sectors for efficient and safe material handling solutions, particularly in high-rise buildings and challenging terrains. The rising adoption of advanced safety regulations and a growing focus on worker safety are further fueling market expansion. Technological advancements leading to lighter, more durable, and user-friendly hydraulic rope suspended grabs are also contributing to market growth. While the market faces constraints such as high initial investment costs and potential maintenance challenges, these are being mitigated by the development of cost-effective and reliable solutions. Key players like MSA Safety Incorporated, 3M, and others are investing in R&D to improve product features and expand their market reach. The market is segmented by application (construction, industrial, etc.), capacity, and geographical region. Regional growth will likely be driven by factors such as infrastructure development and industrialization in regions like Asia-Pacific. The competitive landscape is characterized by the presence of both established players and emerging companies. Established players focus on technological innovation and strategic partnerships to maintain market share, while new entrants are leveraging their agility to cater to specific niche applications. Future market trends suggest a significant increase in demand for automated and remotely operated hydraulic rope suspended grabs, aligning with the overall trend toward automation in various industries. The integration of advanced technologies, such as IoT sensors for real-time monitoring and predictive maintenance, is expected to further enhance the safety and efficiency of these systems, ensuring sustained market growth over the forecast period. The market's growth is expected to be relatively consistent, barring unforeseen global economic downturns.

The Judo Bank Australia Services PMI fell to 50.3 in June 2023 from 52.1 in the previous month, final data showed. It marked the third consecutive month of expansion in the Australian services sector, albeit the slowest, driven by softer growth in new businesses which led to a slower rise in business activity. Firms continued to hire additional staff to cope with the increased workload. Amid higher demand, inflationary pressures intensified within the service sector. Input cost inflation climbed due to higher interest rates, wages and energy costs. Businesses remained broadly optimistic with regards to future activity but pared back their optimism. This dataset provides - Australia Commonwealth Bank Services PMI- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

The global bed safe rail market is experiencing robust growth, driven by an aging population, increasing prevalence of mobility impairments, and rising awareness regarding fall prevention among elderly individuals and individuals with disabilities. The market size in 2025 is estimated at $500 million, exhibiting a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 7% from 2025 to 2033. This growth is fueled by technological advancements leading to safer and more user-friendly designs, increased demand for home healthcare solutions, and government initiatives promoting elderly care. Key market players, including Strander, Able Life, Drive Medical, Signature Life, Medline, Carex, Slantrail, Complete Medical, PMI, Freedom, and Smart-Rail, are actively involved in product innovation and market expansion, contributing to market growth. The market segmentation includes various types of bed rails based on material, design, and features, catering to diverse user needs and preferences. Further growth is anticipated due to the integration of smart technologies, such as sensors and fall detection systems, into bed safe rails. However, factors such as high initial cost and potential safety concerns related to improper use could act as restraints. Regional analysis indicates that North America and Europe currently hold significant market share due to established healthcare infrastructure and high adoption rates, but developing economies in Asia-Pacific are projected to witness substantial growth in the coming years due to increasing healthcare expenditure and rising disposable incomes. The forecast period of 2025-2033 presents significant opportunities for market players to capitalize on the expanding demand and introduce innovative products to cater to the evolving needs of the target market.

CODE.PY OUTPUT

Institutional Benchmarking and Regression Results

To contextualize institutional performance, we first compare India and Pakistan against the global mean of common-law economies on three governance indicators: Protecting Minority Investors (PMI), Enforcing Contracts (EC), and a composite index of the Legal-Political Environment. The global averages for common-law countries are:

• PMI: 18.6

• EC: 37.9

• Legal-Political Environment: 7.44 (on a 0–10 scale)

Relative to these benchmarks:

• India outperforms the PMI average by 5.6 ranks, but underperforms EC by 125.1 ranks and legal-political environment by 2.74 points.

• Pakistan underperforms on all three: +9.4 ranks in PMI (worse), +118.1 ranks in EC, and –4.24 points on legal-political environment.

These gaps suggest that formal investor protections (PMI) are stronger in India, but contract enforcement and broader institutional trust lag significantly in both countries.

Regression Analysis: Institutional Predictors of Governance Outcomes

We ran robust Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regressions with Control of Corruption (cc), Rule of Law (rl), and Political Stability (pv) (from the Worldwide Governance Indicators) as predictors of country performance in both PMI and EC.

✅ Protecting Minority Investors (PMI)

• Model Fit: R² = 0.364; F(3, 182) = 46.91; p < 0.001

• Significant predictors:

  • Rule of Law (β = –62.74, p < 0.001): Strong negative relationship, consistent with countries with weaker rule of law having higher PMI ranks (i.e., worse protections).

  • Political Stability (β = +22.28, p < 0.001): Higher stability is associated with better (lower) PMI rank.

  • Control of Corruption (β = +15.91, p = 0.078): Marginally significant.

✅ Enforcing Contracts (EC)

• Model Fit: R² = 0.389; F(3, 182) = 52.32; p < 0.001

• Significant predictors:

  • Rule of Law (β = –47.55, p < 0.001): Again, weak rule of law predicts poor performance.

  • Political Stability (β = +11.27, p = 0.029): More stable environments enforce contracts more efficiently.

  • Control of Corruption was not significant (p = 0.61).

These results underscore the salience of Rule of Law and Political Stability in explaining variation in corporate governance effectiveness across countries.

Peer-Adjusted Z-Scores: Rule of Law and Judicial Independence

To further refine the comparison, we standardized India and Pakistan’s scores relative to global peers using z-scores:

• India: Judicial Independence z = +1.39, Rule of Law z = +1.28

• Pakistan: Judicial Independence z = +0.25, Rule of Law z = –0.95

This highlights India’s relative institutional strength in legal capacity, while Pakistan falls below global norms, particularly on rule of law.

CODE2.PY OUTPUT

Summary Statistics and Cross-National Comparison

We begin by comparing key governance indicators for India and Pakistan over the 1996–2020 period using data from the V-Dem dataset. Table X reports descriptive statistics for six core institutional quality variables:

• v2x_rule: Rule of Law

• v2x_jucon: Judicial Constraints on the Executive

• v2xlg_legcon: Legislative Constraints

• v2x_freexp: Freedom of Expression

• v2x_polyarchy: Electoral Democracy Index

• v2x_corr: Control of Corruption

Key Observations from the 23-year panel:

• Rule of Law (v2x_rule): India displays a high mean score of 0.579 (SD = 0.029), while Pakistan lags significantly behind at 0.237 (SD = 0.023).

• Judicial Constraints (v2x_jucon): India again leads with a mean of 0.814, compared to 0.537 for Pakistan.

• Control of Corruption (v2x_corr): Interestingly, Pakistan scores higher (0.868) than India (0.566), suggesting a potential data artifact or performative anti-corruption signaling.

These descriptive statistics show a consistent pattern of stronger rule-of-law institutions in India. However, India’s governance edge does not hold across all indicators—especially corruption control, which exhibits counterintuitive results.

T-Test Results: India vs. Pakistan

We formally test whether the differences in means between India and Pakistan are statistically significant using two-sample t-tests:

The highly significant differences in nearly all variables confirm that India and Pakistan follow distinct institutional trajectories—though India’s relative weakness in corruption control invites further scrutiny under the CMF framework.

Structural Breaks in India’s Democratic Governance

Using the ruptures package and a rolling t-test approach, we detect structural breakpoints in India’s democratic trajectory:

• Based on v2x_polyarchy, break years are identified at 2011, 2016, and 2021.

• The rolling t-test method suggests more granular shifts starting as early as 2001, with notable accelerations around 2011–2019.

These breakpoints align with major political and constitutional developments in India and support the CMF argument that formal continuity in legal benchmarks may obscure deeper institutional volatility.

CODE3.PY OUTPUT

Summary Statistics and Institutional Quality Comparison: India vs. Pakistan

We begin by reporting descriptive statistics for two core institutional variables—Control of Corruption (v2x_corr) and Judicial Constraints on the Executive (v2x_jucon)—drawn from the V-Dem dataset for the years 1996–2020:

• Control of Corruption (v2x_corr):

  • India: Mean = 0.566, SD = 0.027, indicating relatively consistent performance with moderate corruption control.

  • Pakistan: Mean = 0.868, SD = 0.051, suggesting surprisingly strong corruption scores, but with greater variability. This may reflect methodological distortions or performative anti-corruption institutions that lack substantive checks—a key focus of our Critical Macro-Finance (CMF) interpretation.

• Judicial Constraints (v2x_jucon):

  • India: Mean = 0.814, SD = 0.013, indicating strong and stable judicial oversight over executive actions.

  • Pakistan: Mean = 0.537, SD = 0.140, reflecting weaker, more volatile institutional constraints.

T-Test Results: Are India and Pakistan Statistically Different?

Two-sample t-tests confirm that these differences are highly statistically significant:

These results validate the hypothesis that India and Pakistan exhibit substantially divergent institutional trajectories—though not always in expected directions. India shows stronger judicial oversight, while Pakistan appears to outperform in corruption metrics, warranting

Industrial Production in Slovakia decreased 4 percent in May of 2025 over the same month in the previous year. This dataset provides - Slovakia Industrial Production - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Further hikes in duty in 2012 are believed to have further stimulated the nonduty paid sector with volumes at 3.11 billion pieces, equivalent to 19% of total sales. Another fall in 2009 pushed value down to €2,439 million, although price rises and a slight rise in volumes raised value by 11.4% in 2010 to €2,718 million and by 6.2% in 2012 to €2,714 million. Forecasts for 2013 predict a further, if more modest, 1.2% increase to €2,747 million Forecasts for 2013 suggest that JTI is making good progress at the expense of PMI with volumes up 4.2% in Q1 2013 compared to Q1 2012. ERC forecasts 34.4% for JTI by the end of 2013 with a reduced 35% for PMI. Read More

This data represents point sites sampled by NJDEP as part of its Ambient Biomonitoring Network (AMNET). Sites are sampled in every Watershed Management Area (WMA) in the State. Historically, the New Jersey Impairment Score (NJIS), based on family level taxonomy, was used for the entire state to make assessments at three levels of impairment; non-impaired, moderately impaired, and severely impaired. Indices were developed, based on genus level taxonomy and grouped into three distinct geographical regions: high gradient (above the Fall Line), low gradient (Coastal Plain excluding the Pinelands), and Pinelands (the boundary of the Pinelands National Reserve plus a 5-km buffer). These indices are called High Gradient Macroinvertebrate Index (HGMI), Coastal Plain Macroinvertebrate Index (CPMI), and the Pinelands Macroinvertebrate Index (PMI). These indices replace the NJIS and offer a greater level of resolution using four levels of assessment; excellent, good, fair, and poor. Round 1 data has been assessed using NJIS, while all subsequent rounds are assessed using the HGMI, CPMI, or PMI.

Kansas Fed Manufacturing Index in the United States decreased to -3 points in July from 5 points in June of 2025. This dataset provides - United States Kansas Fed Manufacturing Index- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

NY Empire State Manufacturing Index in the United States increased to 5.50 points in July from -16 points in June of 2025. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - United States NY Empire State Manufacturing Index - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Key information about Belgium Industrial Production Index Growth

• Belgium Industrial production fell 3.8 % YoY in Apr 2023, following a drop of 2.5 % YoY in the previous month.
• Belgium Industrial production index growth rate YoY data is updated monthly, available from Jan 1956 to Apr 2023, with an average rate of 2.8 %.
• The data reached an all-time high of 35.4 % in Apr 2021 and a record low of -18.8 % in Apr 2020.

CEIC calculates Industrial Production Index Growth from monthly Industrial Production Index. Directorate-General Statistics - Statistics Belgium provides Industrial Production Index with base 2015=100. Industrial Production Index covers only Mining and Quarrying, Manufacturing, Electricity, Gas, Steam and Air Conditioning Supply. Industrial Production Index Growth prior to 2001 is calculated from Industrial Production Index with base 2010=100 sourced from the International Monetary Fund.

Philadelphia Fed Manufacturing Index in the United States increased to 15.90 points in July from -4 points in June of 2025. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - United States Philadelphia Fed Manufacturing Index - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Business Confidence in Canada increased to 53.30 points in June from 48.90 points in May of 2025. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Canada Business Confidence - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

ISM Non Manufacturing New Orders in the United States increased to 51.30 points in June from 46.40 points in May of 2025. This dataset includes a chart with historical data for the United States ISM Non-Manufacturing New Orders.

New Orders in China increased to 50.20 points in June from 49.80 points in May of 2025. This dataset provides - China New Orders - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Industrial Production in Argentina increased 5.80 percent in May of 2025 over the same month in the previous year. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Argentina Industrial Production - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.