Business Confidence in the United States increased to 49 points in June from 48.50 points in May of 2025. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - United States ISM Purchasing Managers Index (PMI) - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

The President’s Malaria Initiative (PMI) is a U.S. Government initiative designed to reduce malaria deaths and illnesses in target countries in sub-Saharan Africa with a long-term vision of a world without malaria. This asset contains two data files that hold budget code information for projects with the associated FY18 budget and activity descriptions. USAID has made these data publicly available since 2006 as part of the Country Malaria Operating Plans. The data are updated annually.

Explore LSEG S&P Global Purchasing Managers Index (PMI) for monthly surveys that provide up-to-date, accurate, and unique indicators of economic trends.

In May 2025, the value of the Service Purchasing Managers' Index in the United States stood at ****. An indicator of the economic health of the service sector, the Services Purchasing Managers' Index is based on four major indicators: business activity, new orders, employment, and supplier deliveries. An index value above ** percent indicates a positive development in the service sector, whereas a value below ** percent indicates a negative situation. Purchasing Managers' Index The Purchasing Manager's Index is a strong indicator of an economic sector's health. The PMI is based on a survey that is sent to more than *** companies in ** primary industries, which are weighted by their overall contribution to the nation's GDP. The industries are organized into economic sectors to construct a PMI relevant to each sector, such as construction being in the manufacturing sector. In 2021, the construction industry added ***** billion U.S. dollars to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the United States. A high contribution to the GDP by an industry generally helps increase the value of the sector's PMI. As of April 2024, the manufacturing PMI indicated a negative situation at ****. The Service Sector The service sector, or tertiary sector, is the section of the economy that deals with the production of services rather than the production of goods or extraction of materials. Within the service sector are many industries such as banking and financial services, construction, education, transportation, hospitality, communication, real estate, information technology, legal services, and more. Unlike the Manufacturing PMI, the Service PMI is based on only four major indicators: business activity, new orders, employment, and supplier deliveries. As a sector that largely relies on human interaction, the service sector was particularly affected by the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic. However, the Services Employment Index, which shows the employment indicator of the Service PMI, was trending upwards over the summer months of 2022. As of March 2023 the SEI decreased to ****.

CN: Minxin PMI: Mfg: Overall Financing Cost data was reported at 51.500 % in Jun 2016. This records an increase from the previous number of 51.000 % for May 2016. CN: Minxin PMI: Mfg: Overall Financing Cost data is updated monthly, averaging 51.200 % from Dec 2014 (Median) to Jun 2016, with 19 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 55.800 % in Feb 2015 and a record low of 49.400 % in Nov 2015. CN: Minxin PMI: Mfg: Overall Financing Cost data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by China Academy of New Supply-side Economics. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Business and Economic Survey – Table CN.OP: Minxin Purchasing Managers' Index: Manufacturing (Discontinued).

The private mortgage insurance (PMI) market is experiencing robust growth, driven by a combination of factors. Rising home prices and persistently low interest rates continue to fuel demand for mortgages, particularly among first-time homebuyers who often require PMI to secure financing with a lower down payment. The increasing adoption of digital and direct channels for mortgage applications streamlines the process, leading to higher insurance penetration. Furthermore, the market is diversifying beyond traditional borrower-paid PMI (BPMI), with lender-paid PMI (LPMI) gaining traction due to its potential to reduce upfront costs for borrowers. While regulatory changes and economic downturns can pose challenges, the long-term outlook for the PMI market remains positive, fueled by demographic shifts and sustained demand for homeownership. Key players like Arch Capital Group, Genworth Financial, and MGIC are well-positioned to benefit from this growth, leveraging their expertise in risk assessment and underwriting. Geographic expansion into emerging markets, particularly in Asia and Latin America, presents further growth opportunities as these regions experience rising urbanization and increasing demand for mortgages. The diverse segmentation of the market, including variations in premium structures (single vs. split premium), allows for targeted product offerings to cater to specific borrower needs and risk profiles. Competitive landscape is likely to see further consolidation, as larger players strive to achieve economies of scale and expand their market share. The forecast period (2025-2033) projects sustained growth for the PMI market, albeit at a potentially moderating CAGR compared to the historical period. This moderation reflects a likely stabilization in interest rates and home price appreciation, and increased competition among providers. Nevertheless, the continuous increase in global home ownership, driven by population growth and changing demographics, is expected to offset this moderation, ensuring a continued, albeit possibly slower, expansion of the market size. The geographic distribution of this growth will vary, with developed markets like North America and Europe seeing continued growth, while emerging markets in Asia and Latin America exhibit potentially faster rates of expansion due to higher growth rates in mortgage originations. This dynamic necessitates agile strategic responses from market participants, requiring adaptation to evolving regulatory landscapes and the deployment of innovative risk management technologies. The ongoing development of predictive modelling and data analytics will likely play a major role in shaping the competitive landscape and facilitating greater accuracy in risk assessment.

China Minxin PMI: Non Mfg: Overall Financing data was reported at 44.600 % in Jun 2016. This records a decrease from the previous number of 45.500 % for May 2016. China Minxin PMI: Non Mfg: Overall Financing data is updated monthly, averaging 43.550 % from Sep 2015 (Median) to Jun 2016, with 10 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 45.500 % in May 2016 and a record low of 40.800 % in Sep 2015. China Minxin PMI: Non Mfg: Overall Financing data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by China Academy of New Supply-side Economics. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Business and Economic Survey – Table CN.OP: Minxin Purchasing Managers' Index: Non Manufacturing (Discontinued).

China Minxin PMI: Non Mfg: Overall Financing Cost data was reported at 52.100 % in Jun 2016. This records a decrease from the previous number of 52.500 % for May 2016. China Minxin PMI: Non Mfg: Overall Financing Cost data is updated monthly, averaging 51.200 % from Sep 2015 (Median) to Jun 2016, with 10 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 52.500 % in May 2016 and a record low of 49.500 % in Nov 2015. China Minxin PMI: Non Mfg: Overall Financing Cost data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by China Academy of New Supply-side Economics. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Business and Economic Survey – Table CN.OP: Minxin Purchasing Managers' Index: Non Manufacturing (Discontinued).

UAB "PMI Group" financial data: profit, annual turnover, paid taxes, sales revenue, equity, assets (long-term and short-term), profitability indicators.

Global Post-Merger Integration (PMI) Consulting is segmented by Application (Organizational Integration, Financial Planning, Risk Management), Type (Consulting, Strategy, Financial Advisory) and Geography(North America, LATAM, West Europe, Central & Eastern Europe, Northern Europe, Southern Europe, East Asia, Southeast Asia, South Asia, Central Asia, Oceania, MEA)

Asociacija PMI Lithuania Chapter financial data: profit, annual turnover, paid taxes, sales revenue, equity, assets (long-term and short-term), profitability indicators.

Financial overview and grant giving statistics of Pmi Phoenix Chapter Inc

The Mortgage Guarantor Service market is experiencing robust growth, driven by several key factors. The increasing demand for homeownership, particularly among first-time homebuyers requiring mortgage insurance, is a primary driver. Low interest rates in recent years, while fluctuating, have fueled increased mortgage lending, further boosting the market. Additionally, government initiatives aimed at supporting affordable housing and expanding access to homeownership contribute significantly to market expansion. The market is segmented by various insurers, each vying for market share, and demonstrates regional variations reflecting diverse housing markets and regulatory landscapes. We estimate the market size to be approximately $50 billion in 2025, exhibiting a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 7% from 2025 to 2033. This growth projection considers the continued demand for mortgages, however, potential economic downturns or shifts in interest rate policies could influence future market performance. However, the market faces certain restraints. Stringent regulatory requirements and compliance costs for mortgage guarantors can impede market expansion. Economic downturns leading to increased defaults on mortgages represent a significant risk, impacting profitability and potentially triggering a contraction in the market. Competition among established players and the emergence of new entrants also pose challenges for sustained growth. Furthermore, variations in housing market dynamics across different regions will continue to shape regional performance. The presence of several key players, including Genworth Mortgage Insurance, Radian Guaranty, and others listed, indicates a competitive but established market structure, requiring continuous innovation and adaptation to evolving market conditions. Long-term success will hinge upon insurers' ability to manage risk effectively, navigate regulatory changes, and adapt to shifts in consumer preferences and market conditions.

CODE.PY OUTPUT

Institutional Benchmarking and Regression Results

To contextualize institutional performance, we first compare India and Pakistan against the global mean of common-law economies on three governance indicators: Protecting Minority Investors (PMI), Enforcing Contracts (EC), and a composite index of the Legal-Political Environment. The global averages for common-law countries are:

• PMI: 18.6

• EC: 37.9

• Legal-Political Environment: 7.44 (on a 0–10 scale)

Relative to these benchmarks:

• India outperforms the PMI average by 5.6 ranks, but underperforms EC by 125.1 ranks and legal-political environment by 2.74 points.

• Pakistan underperforms on all three: +9.4 ranks in PMI (worse), +118.1 ranks in EC, and –4.24 points on legal-political environment.

These gaps suggest that formal investor protections (PMI) are stronger in India, but contract enforcement and broader institutional trust lag significantly in both countries.

Regression Analysis: Institutional Predictors of Governance Outcomes

We ran robust Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regressions with Control of Corruption (cc), Rule of Law (rl), and Political Stability (pv) (from the Worldwide Governance Indicators) as predictors of country performance in both PMI and EC.

✅ Protecting Minority Investors (PMI)

• Model Fit: R² = 0.364; F(3, 182) = 46.91; p < 0.001

• Significant predictors:

  • Rule of Law (β = –62.74, p < 0.001): Strong negative relationship, consistent with countries with weaker rule of law having higher PMI ranks (i.e., worse protections).

  • Political Stability (β = +22.28, p < 0.001): Higher stability is associated with better (lower) PMI rank.

  • Control of Corruption (β = +15.91, p = 0.078): Marginally significant.

✅ Enforcing Contracts (EC)

• Model Fit: R² = 0.389; F(3, 182) = 52.32; p < 0.001

• Significant predictors:

  • Rule of Law (β = –47.55, p < 0.001): Again, weak rule of law predicts poor performance.

  • Political Stability (β = +11.27, p = 0.029): More stable environments enforce contracts more efficiently.

  • Control of Corruption was not significant (p = 0.61).

These results underscore the salience of Rule of Law and Political Stability in explaining variation in corporate governance effectiveness across countries.

Peer-Adjusted Z-Scores: Rule of Law and Judicial Independence

To further refine the comparison, we standardized India and Pakistan’s scores relative to global peers using z-scores:

• India: Judicial Independence z = +1.39, Rule of Law z = +1.28

• Pakistan: Judicial Independence z = +0.25, Rule of Law z = –0.95

This highlights India’s relative institutional strength in legal capacity, while Pakistan falls below global norms, particularly on rule of law.

CODE2.PY OUTPUT

Summary Statistics and Cross-National Comparison

We begin by comparing key governance indicators for India and Pakistan over the 1996–2020 period using data from the V-Dem dataset. Table X reports descriptive statistics for six core institutional quality variables:

• v2x_rule: Rule of Law

• v2x_jucon: Judicial Constraints on the Executive

• v2xlg_legcon: Legislative Constraints

• v2x_freexp: Freedom of Expression

• v2x_polyarchy: Electoral Democracy Index

• v2x_corr: Control of Corruption

Key Observations from the 23-year panel:

• Rule of Law (v2x_rule): India displays a high mean score of 0.579 (SD = 0.029), while Pakistan lags significantly behind at 0.237 (SD = 0.023).

• Judicial Constraints (v2x_jucon): India again leads with a mean of 0.814, compared to 0.537 for Pakistan.

• Control of Corruption (v2x_corr): Interestingly, Pakistan scores higher (0.868) than India (0.566), suggesting a potential data artifact or performative anti-corruption signaling.

These descriptive statistics show a consistent pattern of stronger rule-of-law institutions in India. However, India’s governance edge does not hold across all indicators—especially corruption control, which exhibits counterintuitive results.

T-Test Results: India vs. Pakistan

We formally test whether the differences in means between India and Pakistan are statistically significant using two-sample t-tests:

The highly significant differences in nearly all variables confirm that India and Pakistan follow distinct institutional trajectories—though India’s relative weakness in corruption control invites further scrutiny under the CMF framework.

Structural Breaks in India’s Democratic Governance

Using the ruptures package and a rolling t-test approach, we detect structural breakpoints in India’s democratic trajectory:

• Based on v2x_polyarchy, break years are identified at 2011, 2016, and 2021.

• The rolling t-test method suggests more granular shifts starting as early as 2001, with notable accelerations around 2011–2019.

These breakpoints align with major political and constitutional developments in India and support the CMF argument that formal continuity in legal benchmarks may obscure deeper institutional volatility.

CODE3.PY OUTPUT

Summary Statistics and Institutional Quality Comparison: India vs. Pakistan

We begin by reporting descriptive statistics for two core institutional variables—Control of Corruption (v2x_corr) and Judicial Constraints on the Executive (v2x_jucon)—drawn from the V-Dem dataset for the years 1996–2020:

• Control of Corruption (v2x_corr):

  • India: Mean = 0.566, SD = 0.027, indicating relatively consistent performance with moderate corruption control.

  • Pakistan: Mean = 0.868, SD = 0.051, suggesting surprisingly strong corruption scores, but with greater variability. This may reflect methodological distortions or performative anti-corruption institutions that lack substantive checks—a key focus of our Critical Macro-Finance (CMF) interpretation.

• Judicial Constraints (v2x_jucon):

  • India: Mean = 0.814, SD = 0.013, indicating strong and stable judicial oversight over executive actions.

  • Pakistan: Mean = 0.537, SD = 0.140, reflecting weaker, more volatile institutional constraints.

T-Test Results: Are India and Pakistan Statistically Different?

Two-sample t-tests confirm that these differences are highly statistically significant:

These results validate the hypothesis that India and Pakistan exhibit substantially divergent institutional trajectories—though not always in expected directions. India shows stronger judicial oversight, while Pakistan appears to outperform in corruption metrics, warranting

(CDID: RYCQ) Year - UK National Accounts, The Blue Book time series Datasets for each of the chapters in The Blue Book 2023 including the national accounts at a glance, financial and non-financial corporations, households and non-profit institutions serving households and summary supply and use tables.

The global mortgage insurance market is experiencing robust growth, driven by factors such as rising home prices, increasing mortgage lending, and supportive government policies. The market, estimated at $50 billion in 2025, is projected to achieve a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 7% from 2025 to 2033, reaching approximately $85 billion by 2033. This expansion is fueled by the increasing demand for homeownership, particularly in developing economies with burgeoning middle classes. The segment of borrower-paid mortgage insurance currently dominates the market, reflecting the widespread preference among lenders for minimizing their own risk exposure. However, lender-paid mortgage insurance is also showing considerable growth, indicative of evolving lender strategies and innovative mortgage products. Different distribution channels like agencies, digital platforms, brokers, and bancassurance contribute to the market's dynamism, with digital channels experiencing a particularly rapid surge in adoption. Geographic growth is uneven, with North America and Europe leading the market currently, however, regions like Asia-Pacific exhibit strong growth potential due to escalating urbanization and rising disposable incomes. Regulatory changes and economic fluctuations pose potential restraints to market expansion. Stringent underwriting standards and increasing competition among insurance providers also influence market dynamics. Major players in the market, including Arch Capital Group, Essent Guaranty, Genworth Financial, and MGIC, are continuously innovating products and expanding their geographical reach to maintain a competitive edge. The market is further segmented by application (agency, digital & direct channels, brokers, bancassurance) and type (borrower-paid and lender-paid mortgage insurance). The strategic focus remains on enhancing risk assessment models, leveraging technological advancements, and expanding into new markets to capitalize on the ongoing growth opportunities.

Fatturato per gli ultimi anni, elenco utili/perdita, costo dipendenti, soci esponenti e contatti per PMI FINANCE & CONSULTING S.R.L. in MILANO (MI)

The M&A advisory market is experiencing robust growth, driven by a confluence of factors including increased cross-border investments, a surge in private equity activity, and the ongoing consolidation within various industries. The market, estimated at $50 billion in 2025, is projected to exhibit a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 7% between 2025 and 2033. This expansion is fueled by several key drivers: the increasing need for strategic guidance during mergers and acquisitions, the growing complexity of regulatory landscapes, and the rising demand for specialized post-merger integration (PMI) consulting services. The manufacturing, BFSI (Banking, Financial Services, and Insurance), and construction sectors are major contributors to market demand, with manufacturing exhibiting particularly strong growth due to technological advancements and industry consolidation. Deal advisory services represent the largest segment, followed by post-merger integration consulting, reflecting the importance of securing optimal deal outcomes and ensuring successful post-acquisition integration. Significant regional variations exist. North America and Europe currently dominate the market, representing a combined 70% share in 2025. However, the Asia-Pacific region is anticipated to witness the fastest growth rate over the forecast period (2025-2033), driven by rapid economic development and increasing M&A activity in emerging economies like India and China. Competitive pressures are intense, with a landscape comprising both large multinational consulting firms (Deloitte, PwC, EY, KPMG) and specialized boutique advisory firms (Houlihan Lokey, Alantra, Duff & Phelps). While regulatory changes and economic downturns pose potential restraints, the long-term outlook for the M&A advisory market remains positive, fueled by continuous global economic activity and the enduring need for expert guidance in navigating complex transactions.

Reverse Mortgage Providers Market Outlook

The global reverse mortgage providers market size was valued at approximately USD 200 billion in 2023 and is projected to reach nearly USD 400 billion by 2032, growing at a CAGR of 7.5% over the forecast period. The growth of this market is significantly driven by the increasing aging population and the need for financial security among retirees. As the baby boomer generation continues to age, the demand for reverse mortgages, which allow seniors to convert part of the equity in their homes into cash, is expected to rise considerably.

One of the primary growth factors for the reverse mortgage providers market is the increasing life expectancy and the consequent rise in the elderly population. With people living longer, there is a heightened need for sustained financial resources to support longer retirement periods. Reverse mortgages offer a viable solution by enabling homeowners to tap into their home equity without having to move out or make monthly mortgage payments. This financial product has gained popularity as an effective way for seniors to ensure a steady stream of income during their retirement years.

Another major factor contributing to the market growth is the growing awareness and acceptance of reverse mortgages as a financial planning tool. Financial advisors and counselors are increasingly recommending reverse mortgages as part of a diversified retirement strategy. Additionally, government initiatives and regulations supporting the use of reverse mortgages have helped in building credibility and trust among potential users. For instance, the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) offers Home Equity Conversion Mortgages (HECM), which are insured by the Federal Housing Administration (FHA), thereby providing a safety net for seniors considering this option.

Technological advancements and digitization in the financial services sector have also played a crucial role in the marketÂ’s expansion. The rise of online platforms and mobile applications has made it easier for seniors to access information and apply for reverse mortgages. Digital tools and resources offer convenience and transparency, enabling users to make informed decisions. Moreover, the integration of artificial intelligence and machine learning in financial services has streamlined the application process, reduced paperwork, and improved customer experience.

Private Mortgage Insurance (PMI) is another important aspect of the broader mortgage landscape that can influence the decision-making process for homeowners considering reverse mortgages. While PMI is typically associated with traditional mortgages, where it protects lenders in case of borrower default, its principles underscore the importance of risk management in financial products. For reverse mortgage seekers, understanding the nuances of PMI can provide insights into how different mortgage products are structured to mitigate risk. This knowledge can be particularly beneficial when assessing the financial implications and long-term commitments involved in reverse mortgages, ensuring that homeowners make informed choices that align with their financial goals.

Regionally, North America dominates the reverse mortgage providers market, driven by the high adoption rate and favorable regulatory environment. However, the Asia Pacific region is expected to witness the highest growth rate during the forecast period, attributed to the rapidly aging population and increasing awareness of reverse mortgage products. In Europe, the market is also growing steadily, supported by government policies encouraging financial independence among seniors. Latin America and the Middle East & Africa are gradually emerging as potential markets, although they currently hold a smaller share compared to other regions.

Product Type Analysis

The reverse mortgage providers market is segmented by product type into Home Equity Conversion Mortgages (HECM), Proprietary Reverse Mortgages, and Single-Purpose Reverse Mortgages. HECMs are the most popular type and are federally insured, offering several advantages including flexible payment options and non-recourse protection. As a government-backed product, HECMs have stringent eligibility criteria and counseling requirements, ensuring that borrowers fully understand the implications of their financial de