The population of Poland at the end of 2023 amounted to more than **** million people. The most significant number of people lived in the Mazowieckie Voivodeship. This region recorded a slight decrease in population compared to the previous year.

About this dataset

Context

The dataset tabulates the Poland population by age cohorts (Children: Under 18 years; Working population: 18-64 years; Senior population: 65 years or more). It lists the population in each age cohort group along with its percentage relative to the total population of Poland. The dataset can be utilized to understand the population distribution across children, working population and senior population for dependency ratio, housing requirements, ageing, migration patterns etc.

Key observations

The largest age group was 18 to 64 years with a poulation of 250 (53.53% of the total population). Source: U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS) 2019-2023 5-Year Estimates.

Content

When available, the data consists of estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS) 2019-2023 5-Year Estimates.

Age cohorts:

• Under 18 years
• 18 to 64 years
• 65 years and over

Variables / Data Columns

• Age Group: This column displays the age cohort for the Poland population analysis. Total expected values are 3 groups ( Children, Working Population and Senior Population).
• Population: The population for the age cohort in Poland is shown in the following column.
• Percent of Total Population: The population as a percent of total population of the Poland is shown in the following column.

Good to know

Margin of Error

Data in the dataset are based on the estimates and are subject to sampling variability and thus a margin of error. Neilsberg Research recommends using caution when presening these estimates in your research.

Custom data

If you do need custom data for any of your research project, report or presentation, you can contact our research staff at research@neilsberg.com for a feasibility of a custom tabulation on a fee-for-service basis.

Inspiration

Neilsberg Research Team curates, analyze and publishes demographics and economic data from a variety of public and proprietary sources, each of which often includes multiple surveys and programs. The large majority of Neilsberg Research aggregated datasets and insights is made available for free download at https://www.neilsberg.com/research/.

Recommended for further research

This dataset is a part of the main dataset for Poland Population by Age. You can refer the same here

The statistic shows the total population of Poland from 2020 to 2024, with projections up until 2030. In 2024, the total population of Poland amounted to around 36.62 million inhabitants. Population and economy of Poland Poland is the sixth most populated country in the EU, and the ninth most populated one in Europe. After experiencing a minor decline in population from the mid to late 2000s, Poland’s populace has gradually risen annually. Based on current trends, it is estimated that Poland will suffer a population decrease of roughly 4 million in 2050, an estimate that is highly plausible due to the ongoing financial crisis in Europe. A reason for the country’s slow but certain growth in population could be its economic upturn that has seen momentous improvements over the past decade. Due to industrialization during Russian-ruled Congress Poland as well as the Great Depression, Poland suffered from high amounts of unemployment. However, demand for jobs dramatically increased during the mid 21st century, causing unemployment to plummet. Interestingly, Poland is one of the few countries that reported an unemployment rate which was lower than during the years prior to the global financial crisis. A further indication of economic upturn is evident in the country’s gross domestic product, which is primarily an indicator of economic strength and production in a country. Poland’s GDP trend coincides with its unemployment rate, having doubled in value and maintained a higher GDP compared to the years prior to the financial crisis of 2008.

Throughout the 19th century, what we know today as Poland was not a united, independent country; apart from a brief period during the Napoleonic Wars, Polish land was split between the Austro-Hungarian, Prussian (later German) and Russian empires. During the 1800s, the population of Poland grew steadily, from approximately nine million people in 1800 to almost 25 million in 1900; throughout this time, the Polish people and their culture were oppressed by their respective rulers, and cultural suppression intensified following a number of uprisings in the various territories. Following the outbreak of the First World War, it is estimated that almost 3.4 million men from Poland served in the Austro-Hungarian, German and Russian armies, with a further 300,000 drafted for forced labor by the German authorities. Several hundred thousand were forcibly resettled in the region during the course of the war, as Poland was one of the most active areas of the conflict. For these reasons, among others, it is difficult to assess the extent of Poland's military and civilian fatalities during the war, with most reliable estimates somewhere between 640,000 and 1.1 million deaths. In the context of present-day Poland, it is estimated that the population fell by two million people in the 1910s, although some of this was also due to the Spanish Flu pandemic that followed in the wake of the war.

Poland 1918-1945

After more than a century of foreign rule, an independent Polish state was established by the Allied Powers in 1918, although it's borders were considerably different to today's, and were extended by a number of additional conflicts. The most significant of these border conflicts was the Polish-Soviet War in 1919-1920, which saw well over 100,000 deaths, and victory helped Poland to emerge as the Soviet Union's largest political and military rival in Eastern Europe during the inter-war period. Economically, Poland struggled to compete with Europe's other powers during this time, due to its lack of industrialization and infrastructure, and the global Great Depression of the 1930s exacerbated this further. Political corruption and instability was also rife in these two decades, and Poland's leadership failed to prepare the nation for the Second World War. Poland had prioritized its eastern defenses, and some had assumed that Germany's Nazi regime would see Poland as an ally due to their shared rivalry with the Soviet Union, but this was not the case. Germany invaded Poland on September 1, 1939, in the first act of the War, and the Soviet Union launched a counter invasion on September 17; Germany and the Soviet Union had secretly agreed to do this with the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact in August, and had succeeded in taking the country by September's end. When Germany launched its invasion of the Soviet Union in 1941 it took complete control of Poland, which continued to be the staging ground for much of the fighting between these nations. It has proven difficult to calculate the total number of Polish fatalities during the war, for a variety of reasons, however most historians have come to believe that the figure is around six million fatalities, which equated to almost one fifth of the entire pre-war population; the total population dropped by four million throughout the 1940s. The majority of these deaths took place during the Holocaust, which saw the Nazi regime commit an ethnic genocide of up to three million Polish Jews, and as many as 2.8 million non-Jewish Poles; these figures do not include the large number of victims from other countries who died after being forcefully relocated to concentration camps in Poland.

Post-war Poland

The immediate aftermath of the war was also extremely unorganized and chaotic, as millions were forcefully relocated from or to the region, in an attempt to create an ethnically homogenized state, and thousands were executed during this process. A communist government was quickly established by the Soviet Union, and socialist social and economic policies were gradually implemented over the next decade, as well as the rebuilding, modernization and education of the country. In the next few decades, particularly in the 1980s, the Catholic Church, student groups and trade unions (as part of the Solidarity movement) gradually began to challenge the government, weakening the communist party's control over the nation (although it did impose martial law and imprison political opponent throughout the early-1980s). Increasing civil unrest and the weakening of Soviet influence saw communism in Poland come to an end in the elections of 1989. Throughout the 1990s, Poland's population growth stagnated at around 38.5 million people, before gradually decreasing since the turn of the millennium, to 37.8 million people in 2020. This decline was mostly due to a negative migration rate, as Polish workers could now travel more freely to Western Europea...

Poland PL: Population: Growth data was reported at 0.015 % in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of -0.043 % for 2016. Poland PL: Population: Growth data is updated yearly, averaging 0.363 % from Dec 1960 (Median) to 2017, with 58 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 3.336 % in 1960 and a record low of -1.044 % in 2000. Poland PL: Population: Growth data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Poland – Table PL.World Bank.WDI: Population and Urbanization Statistics. Annual population growth rate for year t is the exponential rate of growth of midyear population from year t-1 to t, expressed as a percentage . Population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship.; ; Derived from total population. Population source: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects: 2017 Revision, (2) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (3) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (4) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Reprot (various years), (5) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database, and (6) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme.; Weighted average;

Graph and download economic data for Population, Total for Poland (POPTOTPLA647NWDB) from 1960 to 2024 about Poland and population.

Poland PL: Population Projection: Mid Year data was reported at 32,738,308.000 Person in 2050. This records a decrease from the previous number of 32,981,966.000 Person for 2049. Poland PL: Population Projection: Mid Year data is updated yearly, averaging 36,438,155.000 Person from Jun 1950 (Median) to 2050, with 101 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 38,668,755.000 Person in 1998 and a record low of 24,824,000.000 Person in 1950. Poland PL: Population Projection: Mid Year data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by US Census Bureau. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Poland – Table PL.US Census Bureau: Demographic Projection.

Poland Population: Male: Working data was reported at 12,410,465.000 Person in Jun 2018. This records a decrease from the previous number of 12,470,748.000 Person for Dec 2017. Poland Population: Male: Working data is updated semiannually, averaging 12,488,398.500 Person from Dec 1988 (Median) to Jun 2018, with 46 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 12,970,846.000 Person in Dec 2011 and a record low of 11,269,000.000 Person in Dec 1988. Poland Population: Male: Working data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Central Statistical Office. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Poland – Table PL.G001: Population.

Poland PL: Population: Total data was reported at 37,975,841.000 Person in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 37,970,087.000 Person for 2016. Poland PL: Population: Total data is updated yearly, averaging 37,893,008.000 Person from Dec 1960 (Median) to 2017, with 58 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 38,663,481.000 Person in 1998 and a record low of 29,637,450.000 Person in 1960. Poland PL: Population: Total data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Poland – Table PL.World Bank.WDI: Population and Urbanization Statistics. Total population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship. The values shown are midyear estimates.; ; (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects: 2017 Revision. (2) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (3) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (4) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Reprot (various years), (5) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database, and (6) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme.; Sum; Relevance to gender indicator: disaggregating the population composition by gender will help a country in projecting its demand for social services on a gender basis.

Graph and download economic data for Population Ages 0 to 14 for Poland (SPPOP0014TOZSPOL) from 1960 to 2024 about 0 to 14 years, Poland, and population.

Poland PL: Population: Male: Ages 15-19: % of Male Population data was reported at 5.227 % in 2017. This records a decrease from the previous number of 5.411 % for 2016. Poland PL: Population: Male: Ages 15-19: % of Male Population data is updated yearly, averaging 8.250 % from Dec 1960 (Median) to 2017, with 58 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 11.244 % in 1973 and a record low of 5.227 % in 2017. Poland PL: Population: Male: Ages 15-19: % of Male Population data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Poland – Table PL.World Bank: Population and Urbanization Statistics. Male population between the ages 15 to 19 as a percentage of the total male population.; ; World Bank staff estimates based on age/sex distributions of United Nations Population Division's World Population Prospects: 2017 Revision.; ;

Comprehensive demographic and economic data for Poland

EN:

Preface

I would like to begin this work by offering a few introductory words. This is the first time I am writing this type of work, and I want to emphasize that I am open to any comments and suggestions regarding my work. I know that there is always room for improvement, and I would gladly take advantage of your advice to become better at what I do.

github with Dashboard and python file: https://github.com/Dzynekz/Poland-s-population-by-voivodeship-2002-2021-

Thank you in advance for your time and I wish you a pleasant reading.

Introduction

The aim of the study is to approximate the trends and changes in selected demographic data describing the population of Poland from 2002 to 2021. The collected data allows for analysis, taking into account the administrative division into voivodeships, age groups and gender. The study focuses on answering the following research questions: 1. How has the population of Poland changed? 2. Does the introduction of the "500+" program in 2016 have a positive impact on increasing the number of births? 3. How have economic age groups changed over the years?

Data acquisition

One of the key tools used during the acquisition of reliable data was the API of the Central Statistical Office, which allowed me to access a huge database containing, among other things, information about the population in Poland from 2002 to 2021. Through analysis of the open API documentation of the CSO and the use of provided methods, I selected the most interesting ranges of information about the population, divided by voivodeships, age groups, and gender. I downloaded the complete set of statistical data using self-developed Python code, which, based on defined parameters, automated the necessary API method calls, conversion, and saving of the received data in CSV format. Having the data in the selected format, I was able to easily and efficiently import, process, and analyze the collected information using chosen tools. Without access to the open API of the CSO and the ability to use it, collecting data on population changes over the years would have been much more difficult and time-consuming. Thanks to widely used API interfaces in today's times, we can effectively acquire, gather, and process valuable data that can be used for analysis, forecasting trends, creating long-term strategies, or making daily decisions in many aspects of our daily lives (economy, finance, economics, etc.).

Visualization

Below I present a visualization that illustrates changes in the population of Poland over the years: https://www.googleapis.com/download/storage/v1/b/kaggle-user-content/o/inbox%2F14257214%2Fb7b5b7b2d92cfc75b225df87a9fd004f%2FDashboard.png?generation=1681134675762237&alt=media" alt="">

How has the population changed over the years?

Overall population of the country

Analyzing the data on the population of Poland from 2002 to 2021, we can see that it underwent interesting changes. From 2002 to 2006, the population slightly decreased and amounted to: 38.21 million, 38.18 million, 38.17 million, 38.15 million, and 38.13 million, respectively. Then, from 2007 to 2011, the population strongly increased, reaching a peak of 38.53 million in 2011. In the following years, the population began to slightly decrease until 2019, to the level of 38.38 million. The largest decrease in population was recorded in 2020-2021, reaching a level of 37.9 million people, most likely due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Overall, over the entire period under investigation, the population in Poland decreased by about 1.3%.

https://www.googleapis.com/download/storage/v1/b/kaggle-user-content/o/inbox%2F14257214%2F1a9ca78c8df280505efccfddb4d73cb5%2Fobraz_2023-04-10_155200671.png?generation=1681134723226009&alt=media" alt="">

Population by voivodeships

The changes in the population of residents in individual voivodeships are very interesting. The largest increase in population was recorded in the Mazowieckie voivodeship and amounted to 380 thousand. https://www.googleapis.com/download/storage/v1/b/kaggle-user-content/o/inbox%2F14257214%2F6de93256154094f2462b9f3c27bcba06%2Fobraz_2023-04-10_155258708.png?generation=1681134780752830&alt=media" alt=""> https://www.googleapis.com/download/storage/v1/b/kaggle-user-content/o/inbox%2F14257214%2Fad4b988567ac7a915f2ed4461c5b9c82%2Fobraz_2023-04-10_155318168.png?generation=1681134799959003&alt=media" alt="">

The largest population growth was recorded in the Mazowieckie, Małopolskie, Wielkopolskie and Pomorskie voivodeships. At the same time, the trend in the Śląskie and Lubelskie voivodeships was the opposite, with the population decreasing.

Furthermore, the data shows that in the remaining voivodeships of Poland, the number of inhabitants decreased. The largest decrease was recorded in the Śląskie voivodeship, which amounted to 350,000, and the...

Historical dataset showing total population for Poland by year from 1950 to 2025.

Population, male in Poland was reported at 17778895 Persons in 2023, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Poland - Population, male - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on July of 2025.

Graph and download economic data for Population ages 65 and above for Poland (SPPOP65UPTOZSPOL) from 1960 to 2024 about 65-years +, Poland, and population.

Population ages 65 and above (% of total population) in Poland was reported at 20.14 % in 2024, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Poland - Population ages 65 and above (% of total) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on August of 2025.

Historical chart and dataset showing Poland population density by year from 1961 to 2022.

Graph and download economic data for Population Growth for Poland (SPPOPGROWPOL) from 1961 to 2024 about Poland, population, and rate.

Poland - Population as a % of EU population was 8.20% in December of 2024, according to the EUROSTAT. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for Poland - Population as a % of EU population - last updated from the EUROSTAT on July of 2025. Historically, Poland - Population as a % of EU population reached a record high of 8.70% in December of 2011 and a record low of 8.20% in December of 2024.