The January 2008 Political Survey, sponsored by the "https://www.pewresearch.org/" Target="_blank">Pew Research Center for the People and the Press, obtained telephone interviews with a nationally representative sample of 1,515 adults living in continental United States telephone households. The survey was conducted by Princeton Survey Research International. The interviews were conducted in English by Princeton Data Source, LLC from January 9-13, 2008. Statistical results are weighted to correct known demographic discrepancies. The margin of sampling error for the complete set of weighted data is +/-2.9 percent. Topics include politics, policy, economic conditions, election 2008, issue priorities, U.S. elections/voters and George W. Bush.

Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.The NOP National Political Surveys were designed principally to ascertain public opinion on political parties, leaders and government, and to record voting intention. In addition, the majority of the surveys included data of topical interest and of social importance. Main Topics:The surveys vary, but topics covered over time include: voting intention; satisfaction with: the Government, the Prime Minister, the Leader of the Opposition, the political system and institutions; opinions on problems facing Government; the political parties; voting and electoral behaviour; foreign affairs and defence; economic and industrial affairs; social issues (e.g. welfare, education, health, housing, environment); law, crime and justice; religious beliefs; role of women; race relations; attitudes to pornography, birth control, family planning, marriage, abortion, drugs, gambling, leisure; special issues and events. Please note that not every topic is covered in all surveys. Classification details include: constituency, age and sex, terminal education age, marital status, social class, trade union membership and employment status. Two-stage stratified, area cluster sample. For details see the National Opinion Polls publication Political, social and economic review, 30, April 1981.

CBS News and The New York Times were partners in a series of election surveys covering the 1976 United States presidential election campaign. The surveys were intended to provide another dimension to the political reporting of the two organizations. The surveys, using extensive coverage early in the primary campaign, were designed to monitor the public's changing perception of the candidates, the issues, and the candidates' positions vis-a-vis the issues. Parts 1-9 contain separate nationwide surveys conducted by telephone, with approximately 1,500 randomly selected adults. Five surveys were conducted monthly from February through June, and four more between early September and the general election -- one in September and one following each presidential debate. A final survey was conducted two days after the general election. Respondents were asked for their preferred presidential candidate, their ratings of the candidates' qualifications and positions, and their opinions on a variety of political issues. Part 10, the Election Day Survey, contains a national sample of voters who were interviewed at the polls. Respondents were asked to fill out a questionnaire that asked the name of the presidential candidate for whom they had just voted, and other questions about their political preferences. Part 11 contains data for respondents who were first interviewed in Part 9, Debate Three Survey, and recontacted and reinterviewed for the Post-Election Survey. Data include respondents' voting history, their evaluation of the nominees' positions on various political issues, and their opinions on current political and social issues. Parts 12-26 contain surveys conducted in 12 states on the day of the primary at the polling place, among a random sample of people who had just voted in either the Democratic or Republican presidential primary election. These surveys were conducted in the following primary states: California, Florida, Illinois, Indiana, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Hampshire, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin. There are separate files for the Democratic and Republican primaries in Michigan, Ohio, Indiana, and California, making a total of fifteen primary day "exit" surveys. Respondents were asked whom they voted for and why, the issues that were important in making their choice, and their voting history. Demographic information on respondents in all surveys may include sex, race, age, religion, education, occupation, and labor union affiliation. These files were processed by the Roper Center under a cooperative arrangement with ICPSR. Most of these data were collected by CBS News and The New York Times. The Election Day Survey was conducted solely by CBS News. Parts 1-11 were made available to the ICPSR by CBS News.

This data collection consists of two election surveys. Part 1, Pre-Congressional Poll, contains a nationwide telephone survey conducted in late September 1978, focusing on the respondents' voting intentions for the 1978 United States Congressional elections. A total of 1,451 randomly selected adults were surveyed. Respondents were asked whether they intended to vote and what issues would influence their vote, their reactions to President Carter's policies, and their preferences for presidential candidates in 1980. Demographic information including age, race, religion, income, political orientation, and education is available for each respondent. Part 2, Nationwide Election Day Poll, contains a nationwide "exit" survey conducted at the polls on election day, November 7, 1978. A total of 8,808 randomly selected voters were asked to fill out a questionnaire asking which party they voted for in the Congressional election and their opinion on a number of current political issues. Demographic information for respondents in Part 2 includes age, race, religion, income, and labor union affiliation. These datasets were made available to the ICPSR by the Election and Survey Unit of CBS News. The Pre-Congressional Poll was conducted solely by CBS News.

By means of a split-ballot survey experiment, we study whether a normative instruction not to use the internet when answering political knowledge questions reduces cheating in web surveys. The knowledge questions refer to basic facts about the European Union and the data come from the Italian National Election Study web panel carried out in Italy before the 2014 European Election. Our analysis shows that a simple normative instruction significantly reduces cheating. We also show that reducing cheating is important to achieve a correct assessment of reliability of knowledge scales, while a decrease of cheating leaves unaltered the knowledge gap between lower and higher educated respondents. These results invite caution when including political knowledge questions in an online survey. Our advice is to include a normative instruction not to search the internet to reduce cheating and obtain more genuine answers. More generally, we conclude by stressing the need to consider the implications of online data collection when building questionnaires for public opinion research.

Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.The NOP National Political Surveys were designed principally to ascertain public opinion on political parties, leaders and government, and to record voting intention. In addition, the majority of the surveys included data of topical interest and of social importance. Main Topics:The surveys vary, but topics covered over time include: voting intention; satisfaction with: the Government, the Prime Minister, the Leader of the Opposition, the political system and institutions; opinions on problems facing Government; the political parties; voting and electoral behaviour; foreign affairs and defence; economic and industrial affairs; social issues (e.g. welfare, education, health, housing, environment); law, crime and justice; religious beliefs; role of women; race relations; attitudes to pornography, birth control, family planning, marriage, abortion, drugs, gambling, leisure; special issues and events. Please note that not every topic is covered in all surveys. Classification details include: constituency, age and sex, terminal education age, marital status, social class, trade union membership and employment status. Two-stage stratified, area cluster sample. For details see the National Opinion Polls publication Political, social and economic review, 30, April 1981.

Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.

The NOP National Political Surveys were designed principally to ascertain public opinion on political parties, leaders and government, and to record voting intention. In addition, the majority of the surveys included data of topical interest and of social importance.

Main Topics:
The surveys vary, but topics covered over time include: voting intention; satisfaction with: the Government, the Prime Minister, the Leader of the Opposition, the political system and institutions; opinions on problems facing Government; the political parties; voting and electoral behaviour; foreign affairs and defence; economic and industrial affairs; social issues (e.g. welfare, education, health, housing, environment); law, crime and justice; religious beliefs; role of women; race relations; attitudes to pornography, birth control, family planning, marriage, abortion, drugs, gambling, leisure; special issues and events. Please note that not every topic is covered in all surveys.

Classification details include: constituency, age and sex, terminal education age, marital status, social class, trade union membership and employment status.

Public Opinion and Election Polling Market Outlook

The global market size for public opinion and election polling was valued at approximately $8.5 billion in 2023 and is projected to reach around $12.7 billion by 2032, growing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 4.5% during the forecast period. This growth is largely driven by advancements in data collection methodologies and the increasing importance of data-driven decision-making in political campaigns and public policy.

One of the primary growth factors for this market is the advancements in technology that have revolutionized data collection and analysis processes. The proliferation of smartphones and internet access has enabled polling organizations to reach a broader demographic more efficiently and accurately. Online polling, for instance, has gained substantial traction due to its cost-effectiveness and ability to gather real-time data. Additionally, the advent of artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms has enhanced the accuracy of predictive models, making election forecasting more reliable.

Another significant driver is the increasing reliance on data-driven decision-making in political campaigns, government strategies, and private sector initiatives. Political parties and candidates are increasingly investing in sophisticated polling methods to gauge public opinion and tailor their campaigns accordingly. This trend is not limited to political entities; businesses and media organizations also leverage polling data to shape their marketing strategies and content, respectively. Moreover, academic institutions utilize public opinion data for social science research, further fueling market growth.

The growing emphasis on transparency and accountability in governance is also contributing to the market's expansion. Governments and public agencies are increasingly conducting public opinion polls to gauge citizen satisfaction and gather feedback on policies and programs. This approach helps in making informed decisions that align with public sentiment, thereby enhancing governance quality. The trend is particularly noticeable in democratic nations where public opinion significantly influences policy-making processes.

From a regional perspective, North America currently holds the largest market share, driven by a highly active political environment and advanced technological infrastructure. Europe follows closely, with significant contributions from countries like the UK, Germany, and France. The Asia Pacific region is expected to witness the highest growth rate during the forecast period due to increasing political activities and advancements in polling technologies. Latin America and the Middle East & Africa are also showing promising growth, albeit at a slower pace due to varying degrees of technological adoption and political stability.

Methodology Analysis

The methodology segment of the public opinion and election polling market is diverse, encompassing online polling, telephone polling, face-to-face polling, mail polling, and other methods. Online polling has gained significant traction in recent years due to its cost-effectiveness and ability to reach a wide demographic. With the proliferation of internet access and smartphones, online polls can gather real-time data quickly and efficiently, making them a preferred choice for many polling organizations. Moreover, advancements in data security and privacy have alleviated concerns over the integrity of online polling data.

Telephone polling remains a popular method, especially for reaching older demographics who may not be as comfortable with online platforms. This methodology allows for more in-depth conversations and the ability to clarify questions, thereby potentially yielding more accurate data. However, the increasing prevalence of mobile phones over landlines has necessitated adaptations in sampling strategies. Companies are increasingly using sophisticated algorithms to create representative samples of mobile users, thereby maintaining the robustness of telephone polling.

Face-to-face polling is often considered the gold standard for accuracy, as it allows for the collection of nuanced data through direct interaction. This method is particularly useful in regions with low internet penetration or among demographics that are less likely to participate in online or telephone polls. However, the high costs and logistical challenges associated with face-to-face polling can be prohibitive, limiting its widespread use. Despite these challenges, face-to-face polling remains essential f

Paradata provide information on how respondents interact with a web questionnaire. Respondents' actions can be captured through their keystrokes, mouse movements and clicks and by studying their navigation around the pages of the questionnaire. This can be done without additional costs because paradata can be automatically generated by the web survey software.

The CROP Inc. political surveys in the Canadian Opinion Research Archive are focussed primarily on the political attitudes of residents in Quebec. The surveys were conducted on an occasional basis depending on events in the province. The are concentrated, in particular, around events in constitutional negotiations and elections. The surveys available for research begin in 1977. CROP Inc. is located in Montreal, Quebec.

Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.

The NOP National Political Surveys were designed principally to ascertain public opinion on political parties, leaders and government, and to record voting intention. In addition, the majority of the surveys included data of topical interest and of social importance.

Main Topics:
The surveys vary, but topics covered over time include: voting intention; satisfaction with: the Government, the Prime Minister, the Leader of the Opposition, the political system and institutions; opinions on problems facing Government; the political parties; voting and electoral behaviour; foreign affairs and defence; economic and industrial affairs; social issues (e.g. welfare, education, health, housing, environment); law, crime and justice; religious beliefs; role of women; race relations; attitudes to pornography, birth control, family planning, marriage, abortion, drugs, gambling, leisure; special issues and events. Please note that not every topic is covered in all surveys.

Classification details include: constituency, age and sex, terminal education age, marital status, social class, trade union membership and employment status.

The January 2016 Political Survey, fielded for the Pew Research Center for the People & the Press by Abt SRBI, obtained telephone interviews with a representative sample of 2,009 adults living in the United States (504 respondents were interviewed on a landline telephone and 1,505 were interviewed on a cell phone). Interviewing was conducted from January 7th to 14th, 2016 in English and Spanish. Samples were drawn from both the landline and cell phone RDD frames. Persons with residential landlines were not screened out of the cell phone sample. Both the landline and cell phone samples were provided by Survey Sampling International. The combined sample is weighted to match demographic parameters from the American Community Survey and telephone status parameters from the National Health Interview Survey. The weighting procedure also accounts for the fact that respondents with both a landline and cell phone had a greater probability of selection. The margin of sampling error for weighted estimates based on the full sample is +/- 2.46 percentage points.

The CROP Inc. political surveys in the Canadian Opinion Research Archive are focussed primarily on the political attitudes of residents in Quebec. The surveys were conducted on an occasional basis depending on events in the province. The are concentrated, in particular, around events in constitutional negotiations and elections. The surveys available for research begin in 1977. CROP Inc. is located in Montreal, Quebec.

The August 2011 Political Survey, sponsored by the Pew Research Center, obtained telephone interviews with a nationally representative sample of 1,509 adults living in the continental United States. Interviews were conducted via landline (nLL=905) and cell phone (nC=604, including 268 without a landline phone). The survey was conducted by Princeton Survey Research Associates International. The interviews were conducted in English and Spanish by Princeton Data Source from Aug. 17-21, 2011. This survey contains questions on attitudes towards terrorism and Islam.

This poll is part of a continuing series of monthly surveys that solicit public opinion on the presidency and on a range of other political and social issues. In this poll, respondents were asked about the upcoming presidential election, President Ronald Reagan's performance in office, military and domestic spending, and United States involvement in Central America. Demographic information on respondents includes race, sex, age, religion, income and educational levels, and political party affiliation.

The religion and politics survey is part of the larger Public Role of Mainline Protestantism Project, which is coordinated through "http://www.princeton.edu/main/" Target="_blank">Princeton University's Survey Research Center. The survey addresses respondents' views on political, social, and religious issues, their political actions, beliefs, and affiliations, and their religious actions, beliefs, and affiliations.

In this paper, we revisit the effect of ballot access laws on voter confidence in the outcome of elections. We argue that voter confidence is conditioned by partisanship. Democrats and Republicans view election laws through a partisan lens, which is especially triggered when coalitions lose. We used The Integrity of Voting data set, along with other data sets, to test our hypotheses. The sample frame for the Integrity of Voting Survey was eligible persons who voted in the 2020 Presidential elections with accessible internet email addresses. Our sample consisted of two samples from two different vendors. Surveys were conducted with 17,526 voters drawing on two independent samples of registered voters who reported voting in the 2020 Presidential election. Email addresses for registered voters in each state were purchased from L2, a commercial vendor specializing in obtaining email addresses for registered voters. Interviews were solicited from one million voters in all 50 states, with 10,770 completed interviews for a response rate of .011%. A second sample of internet interviews were solicited and completed with 6,756 2020 voters using Dynata’s proprietary select-in survey of voters in selected states with smaller populations of registered voters. A minimum of roughly 100 2020 election voters were interviewed in each state. Our state samples were weighted using a raking technique on age, race, gender, education, and vote mode demographics from the U.S. Census Bureau’s 2020 Voting and Registration in the Election of November 2020 supplement to the Current Population survey (2021), as well as party identification totals from post-election exit polls conducted by the Associated Press (2020). Surveys were conducted between the first week in December, 2020 and the first week in February 2021.

For this survey, conducted following the 1968 Italian parliamentary elections, a representative stratified national sample was drawn from lists of voters in electoral precincts across the country. Interviews were conducted with 2,500 respondents about their political behavior and attitudes, party identification, and union and other organizational memberships. The influence of family and religious ties on political attitudes and behavior was probed, as were the effects of the multi-party structure and the impact of the mass media on Italian political life. Respondents were asked to place the different political parties along a left-right continuum and to place themselves along this continuum as well. This study also included interviews, conducted at the same time as the mass election survey, with a small elite sample of deputies and municipal councillors, but ICPSR does not distribute these data. Demographic information about respondents includes age, occupation, full-time work status, and occupation and political beliefs of father.

This data file contains four national surveys completed between July 1994 and October 1995. Commissioned by The Pew Center for The People and The Press and conducted by the Princeton Survey Research Associates, the four surveys focus exclusively on religion and politics in America. Because many of the questions were repeated in two or more of the surveys, it is possible to trace changing public opinion over time.

The Chicago Council Surveys are part of a long-running series of public opinion surveys conducted by The Chicago Council on Global Affairs beginning in 1974. They were conducted quadrennially from 1974 to 2002, biennially from 2002 to 2014, and are now conducted annually. The surveys are designed to investigate the opinions and attitudes of the general public on matters related to foreign policy, and to define the parameters of public opinion within which decision-makers must operate. This public opinion study of the United States focused on respondents' opinions of the United States' leadership role in the world and the challenges the country faces domestically and internationally. Data were collected on a wide range of international topics, including: United States' relations with other countries, role in foreign affairs, possible threats to vital interests in the next ten years, foreign policy goals, situations that might justify the use of United States troops in other parts of the world, international trade, United States' participation in potential treaties, U.S. policy towards Russia in Ukraine, the embargo on Cuba and the effects of renewed diplomatic relations with Havana, views of the nuclear deal with Iran and what effects that deal is likely to have, and United States' relations with allies in Asia. Respondents were also asked their opinion on domestic issues including climate change, measures to improve the United States' economic competitiveness, and their views on US immigration policy. Demographic information collected includes age, gender, race/ethnicity, marital status, left-right political self-placement, political affiliation, employment status, highest level of education, and religious preference, household income, state of residence, and living quarters ownership status.