Two out of every three persons in Chiapas lived under the poverty line in 2022, making it the federal entity with the largest share of poor population in Mexico. On average, about 36 percent of the Mexican population was living in poverty that year.

Chiapas was the state in Mexico with the highest average extreme poverty rate in 2022. It was estimated that almost three out of ten people in Chiapas lived in a situation of extreme poverty. In contrast, Baja California was the state with the lowest extreme poverty rate, with 0.8 percent, well below the national average, which stood at 7.1 percent. The share of population living in poverty in Mexico amounted to 36.3 percent in 2022.

The Mexico Peace Index ranks states on a scale from 1 to 5, with 1 being the most peaceful. The index comprises crime, violence, and policing indicators. In 2024, Colima received the worst score with 4.74 points, followed by Baja California with 4.42 points. On the other hand, Yucatán was considered the most peaceful state in the country that year.

Politics and the Migrant Poor in Mexico City is a comparative study of male migrants and their city-born neighbors living in six relatively small, predominately low-income communities on the periphery of Mexico City. Based on 14 months of fieldwork in these communities during 1970, 1971, and 1972, this study dealt with a relatively small group of people in a limited number of localities at a particular point in time. The research addressed several broad theoretical and empirical problems such as the most important incentives and disincentives for political involvement, the effect a large group of people entering the political arena has on the functioning of the political system, how the individual citizen -- and especially the disadvantaged citizen -- can manipulate the political system to satisfy their needs, the process by which individuals form images of politics and the political system, the process by which individuals assume a role of participation or non-participation in political activity, what occurs at the "grass roots" of a nation's political system, and how political activity at that level affects system outputs. This study attempted to place the low-income migrant in a social and political context, and focused on the nature and frequency of interactions between the research communities and external actors, especially political and government officials. Demographic variables include age, race, socio-economic status, marital status, dwelling unit type, and religious preference.

Mexico MX: Gini Coefficient (GINI Index): World Bank Estimate data was reported at 43.400 % in 2016. This records a decrease from the previous number of 45.800 % for 2014. Mexico MX: Gini Coefficient (GINI Index): World Bank Estimate data is updated yearly, averaging 48.300 % from Dec 1984 (Median) to 2016, with 15 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 51.400 % in 2000 and a record low of 43.400 % in 2016. Mexico MX: Gini Coefficient (GINI Index): World Bank Estimate data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Mexico – Table MX.World Bank.WDI: Poverty. Gini index measures the extent to which the distribution of income (or, in some cases, consumption expenditure) among individuals or households within an economy deviates from a perfectly equal distribution. A Lorenz curve plots the cumulative percentages of total income received against the cumulative number of recipients, starting with the poorest individual or household. The Gini index measures the area between the Lorenz curve and a hypothetical line of absolute equality, expressed as a percentage of the maximum area under the line. Thus a Gini index of 0 represents perfect equality, while an index of 100 implies perfect inequality.; ; World Bank, Development Research Group. Data are based on primary household survey data obtained from government statistical agencies and World Bank country departments. For more information and methodology, please see PovcalNet (http://iresearch.worldbank.org/PovcalNet/index.htm).; ; The World Bank’s internationally comparable poverty monitoring database now draws on income or detailed consumption data from more than one thousand six hundred household surveys across 164 countries in six regions and 25 other high income countries (industrialized economies). While income distribution data are published for all countries with data available, poverty data are published for low- and middle-income countries and countries eligible to receive loans from the World Bank (such as Chile) and recently graduated countries (such as Estonia) only. See PovcalNet (http://iresearch.worldbank.org/PovcalNet/WhatIsNew.aspx) for definitions of geographical regions and industrialized countries.

Mexico MX: Coverage: Social Safety Net Programs: Poorest Quintile: % of Population data was reported at 68.886 % in 2012. This records a decrease from the previous number of 74.218 % for 2010. Mexico MX: Coverage: Social Safety Net Programs: Poorest Quintile: % of Population data is updated yearly, averaging 68.886 % from Dec 2008 (Median) to 2012, with 3 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 74.218 % in 2010 and a record low of 54.568 % in 2008. Mexico MX: Coverage: Social Safety Net Programs: Poorest Quintile: % of Population data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Mexico – Table MX.World Bank.WDI: Social Protection. Coverage of social safety net programs shows the percentage of population participating in cash transfers and last resort programs, noncontributory social pensions, other cash transfers programs (child, family and orphan allowances, birth and death grants, disability benefits, and other allowances), conditional cash transfers, in-kind food transfers (food stamps and vouchers, food rations, supplementary feeding, and emergency food distribution), school feeding, other social assistance programs (housing allowances, scholarships, fee waivers, health subsidies, and other social assistance) and public works programs (cash for work and food for work). Estimates include both direct and indirect beneficiaries.; ; ASPIRE: The Atlas of Social Protection - Indicators of Resilience and Equity, The World Bank. Data are based on national representative household surveys. (datatopics.worldbank.org/aspire/); Simple average;

This report presents the results of an assessment of poverty conditions in Mexico, and the Government strategies to reduce poverty. It constitutes the first phase of a longer-term work program on poverty reduction in Mexico, that the Bank is undertaking, in collaboration with the Government during the period 2003-2006. The current situation in the country is mixed, with respect to poverty. In terms of well-being, Mexico has experienced major progress in some dimensions - notably related to basic service access - but much weaker progress on others - notably on the income of the poor. Despite the gains between 1996 and 2002,and in particular, for the extreme poor, poverty remains widespread, and is only slightly below the levels prevailing before the 1994195 crisis. The report relates to government strategy, and its strengths. The CONTIGO framework is excellent as a conceptual framework, especially in its attempt to integrate the multiple dimensions of well-being, and public action into a life-cycle approach. There are notable successes in specific programs -with "Oportunidades" (i.e., "Opportunities") unusual in its combination of highly effective targeting, and broad reach amongst the extreme poor. The emphasis on evaluation is commendable, while the recent introduction of the Ley de Desarrollo Social (Social Development Law) is a potentially valuable attempt to institutionalize the social development strategy, and in particular, provide more continuity across government administrations. But challenges still remain. The quality of services is a major issue in many sectors, for although social policies for the extreme poor are well developed, policies for their income growth are not. There is a broader pending agenda for the moderate poor, especially with respect to improving the productivity of the self-employed, and informal enterprises. Most of the extreme and moderate poor fall outside the formal social protection system, and face significant risks, i.e., health, unemployment or lack of income in old age. And there are a wide range of institutional issues to be tackled - from strengthening accountability, especially under decentralized structures, to social incorporation of excluded groups - as well as linking of rigorous evaluation to results-based management. Section A of the report discusses poverty conditions, Section B reviews government strategy, and, Section C provides brief concluding comments on public action, and future analysis.

Mexico MX: Multidimensional Poverty Intensity (average share of deprivations experienced by the poor) data was reported at 2.400 % in 2020. This records an increase from the previous number of 2.300 % for 2018. Mexico MX: Multidimensional Poverty Intensity (average share of deprivations experienced by the poor) data is updated yearly, averaging 2.350 % from Dec 2010 (Median) to 2020, with 6 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 2.600 % in 2010 and a record low of 2.200 % in 2016. Mexico MX: Multidimensional Poverty Intensity (average share of deprivations experienced by the poor) data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Mexico – Table MX.World Bank.WDI: Social: Poverty and Inequality. ;Government statistical agencies. Data for EU countires are from the EUROSTAT;;

Mexico MX: Benefit Incidence: Social Protection & Labour Programs (SPL) to Poorest Quintile: % of Total SPL Benefits data was reported at 8.629 % in 2012. This records a decrease from the previous number of 11.653 % for 2010. Mexico MX: Benefit Incidence: Social Protection & Labour Programs (SPL) to Poorest Quintile: % of Total SPL Benefits data is updated yearly, averaging 8.629 % from Dec 2008 (Median) to 2012, with 3 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 11.653 % in 2010 and a record low of 7.164 % in 2008. Mexico MX: Benefit Incidence: Social Protection & Labour Programs (SPL) to Poorest Quintile: % of Total SPL Benefits data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Mexico – Table MX.World Bank.WDI: Social Protection. Benefit incidence of social protection and labor programs (SPL) to poorest quintile shows the percentage of total social protection and labor programs benefits received by the poorest 20% of the population. Social protection and labor programs include social insurance, social safety nets, and unemployment benefits and active labor market programs. Estimates include both direct and indirect beneficiaries.; ; ASPIRE: The Atlas of Social Protection - Indicators of Resilience and Equity, The World Bank. Data are based on national representative household surveys. (datatopics.worldbank.org/aspire/); Simple average;

Mexico Benefit Incidence: Unemployment Benefits & Active Labour Market Programs (ALMP) to Poorest Quintile: % of Total Unemployment/ALMP Benefits data was reported at 13.129 % in 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of 15.995 % for 2020. Mexico Benefit Incidence: Unemployment Benefits & Active Labour Market Programs (ALMP) to Poorest Quintile: % of Total Unemployment/ALMP Benefits data is updated yearly, averaging 14.562 % from Dec 2020 (Median) to 2022, with 2 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 15.995 % in 2020 and a record low of 13.129 % in 2022. Mexico Benefit Incidence: Unemployment Benefits & Active Labour Market Programs (ALMP) to Poorest Quintile: % of Total Unemployment/ALMP Benefits data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Mexico – Table MX.World Bank.WDI: Social: Social Protection and Insurance. Benefit incidence of unemployment benefits and active labor market programs (ALMP) to poorest quintile shows the percentage of total unemployment and active labor market programs benefits received by the poorest 20% of the population. Unemployment benefits and active labor market programs include unemployment compensation, severance pay, and early retirement due to labor market reasons, labor market services (intermediation), training (vocational, life skills, and cash for training), job rotation and job sharing, employment incentives and wage subsidies, supported employment and rehabilitation, and employment measures for the disabled. Estimates include both direct and indirect beneficiaries.;ASPIRE: The Atlas of Social Protection - Indicators of Resilience and Equity, The World Bank. Data are based on national representative household surveys. (datatopics.worldbank.org/aspire/);;

MX: Coverage: Social Insurance Programs: Poorest Quintile: % of Population data was reported at 16.008 % in 2012. This records a decrease from the previous number of 20.369 % for 2010. MX: Coverage: Social Insurance Programs: Poorest Quintile: % of Population data is updated yearly, averaging 18.398 % from Dec 2008 (Median) to 2012, with 3 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 20.369 % in 2010 and a record low of 16.008 % in 2012. MX: Coverage: Social Insurance Programs: Poorest Quintile: % of Population data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Mexico – Table MX.World Bank.WDI: Social Protection. Coverage of social insurance programs shows the percentage of population participating in programs that provide old age contributory pensions (including survivors and disability) and social security and health insurance benefits (including occupational injury benefits, paid sick leave, maternity and other social insurance). Estimates include both direct and indirect beneficiaries.; ; ASPIRE: The Atlas of Social Protection - Indicators of Resilience and Equity, The World Bank. Data are based on national representative household surveys. (datatopics.worldbank.org/aspire/); Simple average;

Mexico MX: Benefit Incidence: Social Insurance Programs to Poorest Quintile: % of Total Social Insurance Benefits data was reported at 1.107 % in 2012. This records a decrease from the previous number of 1.431 % for 2010. Mexico MX: Benefit Incidence: Social Insurance Programs to Poorest Quintile: % of Total Social Insurance Benefits data is updated yearly, averaging 1.195 % from Dec 2008 (Median) to 2012, with 3 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1.431 % in 2010 and a record low of 1.107 % in 2012. Mexico MX: Benefit Incidence: Social Insurance Programs to Poorest Quintile: % of Total Social Insurance Benefits data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Mexico – Table MX.World Bank.WDI: Social Protection. Benefit incidence of social insurance programs to poorest quintile shows the percentage of total social insurance benefits received by the poorest 20% of the population. Social insurance programs include old age contributory pensions (including survivors and disability) and social security and health insurance benefits (including occupational injury benefits, paid sick leave, maternity and other social insurance). Estimates include both direct and indirect beneficiaries.; ; ASPIRE: The Atlas of Social Protection - Indicators of Resilience and Equity, The World Bank. Data are based on national representative household surveys. (datatopics.worldbank.org/aspire/); Simple average;

Mexico Coverage: Unemployment Benefits & Active Labour Market Programs: % of Population: Poorest Quintile data was reported at 0.433 % in 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of 0.916 % for 2020. Mexico Coverage: Unemployment Benefits & Active Labour Market Programs: % of Population: Poorest Quintile data is updated yearly, averaging 0.675 % from Dec 2020 (Median) to 2022, with 2 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.916 % in 2020 and a record low of 0.433 % in 2022. Mexico Coverage: Unemployment Benefits & Active Labour Market Programs: % of Population: Poorest Quintile data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Mexico – Table MX.World Bank.WDI: Social: Social Protection and Insurance. Coverage of unemployment benefits and active labor market programs (ALMP) shows the percentage of population participating in unemployment compensation, severance pay, and early retirement due to labor market reasons, labor market services (intermediation), training (vocational, life skills, and cash for training), job rotation and job sharing, employment incentives and wage subsidies, supported employment and rehabilitation, and employment measures for the disabled. Estimates include both direct and indirect beneficiaries.;ASPIRE: The Atlas of Social Protection - Indicators of Resilience and Equity, The World Bank. Data are based on national representative household surveys. (datatopics.worldbank.org/aspire/);;

Mexico MX: Bank Account Ownership at a Financial Institution or with a Mobile-Money-Service Provider: Poorest 40%: % of Population Aged 15+ data was reported at 25.848 % in 2017. This records a decrease from the previous number of 29.363 % for 2014. Mexico MX: Bank Account Ownership at a Financial Institution or with a Mobile-Money-Service Provider: Poorest 40%: % of Population Aged 15+ data is updated yearly, averaging 25.848 % from Dec 2011 (Median) to 2017, with 3 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 29.363 % in 2014 and a record low of 13.366 % in 2011. Mexico MX: Bank Account Ownership at a Financial Institution or with a Mobile-Money-Service Provider: Poorest 40%: % of Population Aged 15+ data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Mexico – Table MX.World Bank.WDI: Bank Account Ownership. Account denotes the percentage of respondents who report having an account (by themselves or together with someone else) at a bank or another type of financial institution or report personally using a mobile money service in the past 12 months (poorest 40%, share of population ages 15+).; ; Demirguc-Kunt et al., 2018, Global Financial Inclusion Database, World Bank.; Weighted average; Each economy is classified based on the classification of World Bank Group's fiscal year 2018 (July 1, 2017-June 30, 2018).

In 2020, in the Mexican city of Guadalajara around 36.5 percent of the population were not vulnerable, which means that around 63.5 percent were vulnerable to poverty or living under poverty conditions. About three percent of the inhabitants of the city were under extreme poverty conditions.

In 2023, from the total national wealth in Mexico, 70.2 percent belonged to the top ten percent group. Meanwhile, the bottom 50 percent had a total of 2.3 percent.

Based on the degree of inequality in income distribution measured by the Gini coefficient, Colombia was the most unequal country in Latin America as of 2022. Colombia's Gini coefficient amounted to 54.8. The Dominican Republic recorded the lowest Gini coefficient at 37, even below Uruguay and Chile, which are some of the countries with the highest human development indexes in Latin America. The Gini coefficient explained The Gini coefficient measures the deviation of the distribution of income among individuals or households in a given country from a perfectly equal distribution. A value of 0 represents absolute equality, whereas 100 would be the highest possible degree of inequality. This measurement reflects the degree of wealth inequality at a certain moment in time, though it may fail to capture how average levels of income improve or worsen over time. What affects the Gini coefficient in Latin America? Latin America, as other developing regions in the world, generally records high rates of inequality, with a Gini coefficient ranging between 37 and 55 points according to the latest available data from the reporting period 2010-2023. According to the Human Development Report, wealth redistribution by means of tax transfers improves Latin America's Gini coefficient to a lesser degree than it does in advanced economies. Wider access to education and health services, on the other hand, have been proven to have a greater direct effect in improving Gini coefficient measurements in the region.