Hogs and pigs are one of the main sources of meat in the United States, and there is a thriving domestic pork market. As of March 2024, Iowa had an inventory of about 25.1 million hogs and pigs, making it the top producer of swine in the country by a large margin. In that same year, the second largest producer of hogs and pigs was Minnesota, with about nine million head. Swine Production Pigs have several advantages over other livestock. They are good at converting animal feed into meat and do not require large grazing areas. In addition, almost every part of the pig can be eaten or processed, making them an efficient source of meat. Thus, raising pigs for consumption is a good investment for small-scale farmers and factory farms alike. Pork Market in the U.S. Some of the classic staples of an American breakfast are bacon, sausage, or ham, which are all pork products. Pork is one of the most frequently consumed types of meat in the United States with the average American consuming about 51.1 pounds of pork per year as of 2020. In 2022, over 27 billion pounds of pork were produced in the United States.

As of April 2025, China was home to the largest number of pigs of any country with over 427 million heads. That year, the European Union and United States were second and third in the list, with over 132 and 76 million heads respectively. Global overview There were about 778.64 million pigs worldwide as of April 2022, meaning that China was home to more than half of the global pig population. Unsurprisingly, China is the leading pork producer worldwide, producing about 50 million metric tons of pork each year. China’s global pork exports have been decreasing over the past few years, while the EU remained the top exporter with about 3.75 million metric tons of pork shipments in the most recent year. The United States is also among the main exporters and importers of pork worldwide. Mexico was the main importer of U.S. pork, followed by Japan, China and Hong Kong, and South Korea.

Data are derived from generalized linear models and model selection techniques using 129 estimates of population density of wild pigs (Sus scrofa) from 5 continents. Models were used to determine the strength of association among a diverse set of biotic and abiotic factors associated with wild pig population dynamics. The models and associated factors were used to predict the potential population density of wild pigs at the 1 km resolution. Predictions were then compared with available population estimates for wild pigs on their native range in North America indicating the predicted densities are within observed values. See Lewis et al (2017) and Lewis et al (2019) for more information.Lewis, Jesse S., Matthew L. Farnsworth, Chris L. Burdett, David M. Theobald, Miranda Gray, and Ryan S. Miller. "Biotic and abiotic factors predicting the global distribution and population density of an invasive large mammal." Scientific reports7 (2017): 44152.Lewis, Jesse S., Joseph L. Corn, John J. Mayer, Thomas R. Jordan, Matthew L. Farnsworth, Christopher L. Burdett, Kurt C. VerCauteren, Steven J. Sweeney, and Ryan S. Miller. "Historical, current, and potential population size estimates of invasive wild pigs (Sus scrofa) in the United States." Biological Invasions21, no. 7 (2019): 2373-2384.This record was taken from the USDA Enterprise Data Inventory that feeds into the https://data.gov catalog. Data for this record includes the following resources: ISO-19139 metadata ArcGIS Hub Dataset ArcGIS GeoService For complete information, please visit https://data.gov.

According to Cognitive Market Research, the global Pig Farming market size is USD 3151.2 million in 2024 and will expand at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 2.30% from 2024 to 2031.

North America held the major market of more than 40% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 1260.48 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 0.5% from 2024 to 2031.

Europe accounted for a share of over 30% of the global market size of USD 945.36 million.

Asia Pacific held the market of around 23% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 724.78 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 4.3% from 2024 to 2031.

Latin America market of more than 5% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 157.56 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 1.7% from 2024 to 2031.

Middle East and Africa held the major market of around 2% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 63.02 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 2.0% from 2024 to 2031

. The commercial breeds held the highest Pig Farming market revenue share in 2024. Market Dynamics of Pig Farming Market

Key Drivers for Pig Farming Market

Increasing Demand for Pork to Propel the Market Revenue Growth

The demand for pork, a major source of protein in many diets, has increased due to the expanding worldwide population, especially in emerging economies. Urbanization, shifting food tastes, and growing disposable incomes are some of the causes driving this demand. For instance, according to the U.S. Department of Agriculture, a higher-than-expected February production led to a 30 million increase in the first-quarter commercial pork production to 7.2 billion pounds. It is anticipated that 27.9 billion pounds of commercial pork would be produced in 2024, a 2.2% increase over the previous year. It is predicted that the average live price of 51–52 percent lean pigs will be $61 per cwt, which is 3.7% more than in 2023. Due to increased demand from significant importing nations and declining EU pork competitiveness as a result of higher prices and decreased supply, pork exports are expected to increase by 50 million pounds by 2024. Pork exports are predicted to total 7.1 billion pounds in 2024, 4.6 percent more than shipments from the previous year.

Source: https://www.ers.usda.gov/topics/animal-products/hogs-pork/market-outlook/.

Rising Food Demand to Propel Market Growth

The growing food demand is expected to drive the pig farming market during the forecast period. The world's population is continually increasing, and with it, the demand for food rises. As more people require sustenance, there's a proportional increase in the demand for protein sources like pork. As per the report published by Food and Agriculture Organization, between 2009 and 2050, the world's population is predicted to increase by more than a third, or 2.3 billion people. Based on the forecasts, it would be necessary to increase global food production by around 70% between 2005/07 and 2050 to feed the 9.1 billion people that will live the planet by then.

Source: https://www.fao.org/fileadmin/templates/wsfs/docs/Issues_papers/HLEF2050_Global_Agriculture.pdf

Restraint Factor for the Pig Farming Market

Environmental Concerns to Limit the Expansion of the Market

Negative effects of pig farming on the environment can include waste disposal and nutrient runoff polluting the air, soil, and water resources. Pig farmers may face difficulties due to worries about environmental sustainability and pressure from regulations to mitigate these effects, especially if they operate in highly populated or environmentally sensitive areas. According to the study by New Root Institute, a large pig farm has the capacity to produce up to 1.6 million tons of manure annually. These enormous amounts can be difficult to handle, and manure can find its way into the surrounding groundwater and air, harming the local ecosystem and possibly posing health risks to adjacent communities.

Source: https://www.newrootsinstitute.org/articles/pig-farming#:~:text=A%20large%20pig%20farm%20can,and%20even%20causing%20health%20problems.

Impact of Covid-19 on the Pig Farming Market

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the pig farming market, both in terms of immediate disruptions and longer-term implicat...

Invasive wild pigs (Sus scrofa), also called feral swine or wild hogs, are recognized as among the most destructive invasive species in the world. Throughout the United States, invasive wild pigs have expanded rapidly over the past 30 years with populations now established in 38 states. Of the estimated 6.9 million wild pigs distributed throughout the United States, Texas supports approximately 40% of the population and similarly bears disproportionate ecological and economic costs. Genetic analyses are an effective tool for understanding invasion pathways and tracking dispersal of invasive species such as wild pigs and have been used recently in California and Florida, USA, which have similarly long-established populations and high densities of wild pigs. Our goals were to use molecular approaches to elucidate invasion and migration processes shaping wild pig populations throughout Texas, compare our results with patterns of genetic structure observed in California and Florida, and provide insights for effective management of this invasive species. We used a high-density single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array to evaluate population genetic structure. Genetic clusters of wild pigs throughout Texas demonstrate 2 distinct patterns: weakly resolved, spatially dispersed clusters and well-resolved, spatially localized clusters. The disparity in patterns of genetic structure suggests disparate processes are differentially shaping wild pig populations in various localities throughout the state. Our results differed from the patterns of genetic structure observed in California and Florida, which were characterized by localized genetic clusters. These differences suggest distinct biological and perhaps anthropogenic processes are shaping genetic structure in Texas. Further, these disparities demonstrate the need for location-specific management strategies for controlling wild pig populations and mitigating associated ecological and economic costs.

Pigs are one of the most commonly raised animals in the world. They are the primary protein source for millions of people across numerous different cultures and geographical regions. In 2024, there were over *** million pigs worldwide, decreasing from around *** million heads in the previous year. International trade Although ***** produces the highest number of pigs of any country, ****************** leads the world in terms of pork exports, exporting over *** million metric tons of pork in 2023. The United States is the second largest exporter of pork, at about ***** million metric tons. Consumption in China Pork features heavily in a large number of traditional Chinese dishes, and thus is widely consumed and sought after in China. As China continues to prosper and expand economically, the amount of meat in the daily meals of consumers in China is expected to increase. There is a high level of demand for pork in China, which cannot be satisfied by domestic production. In 2023, China is forecast to import *** million metric tons of pork, making it the top importer of pork as well as the top producer.

Pig-Breeding and Raising Market Outlook

The global pig-breeding and raising market size was estimated at USD 220 billion in 2023, and it is projected to reach USD 350 billion by 2032, growing at a CAGR of 5.1% during the forecast period. This growth is driven by the increasing demand for pork products worldwide, advancements in breeding technologies, and the expansion of pig farming in emerging economies. The market's expansion is further bolstered by the rising global population and the subsequent need for sustainable and efficient food production systems.

One significant growth factor for the pig-breeding and raising market is the escalating global demand for pork, which remains a staple protein source in many cultures. In countries like China, where pork is a dietary mainstay, consumption rates continue to surge, necessitating enhanced breeding and raising practices to meet this demand. Additionally, the swine industry in Europe and North America is also witnessing increased investments in technology and infrastructure to improve productivity and sustainability. The integration of advanced genetic selection tools and precision farming techniques is revolutionizing traditional pig farming, leading to higher yields and better quality meat.

Technological advancements in pig breeding are another critical factor driving market growth. Innovations such as artificial insemination, genetic engineering, and advanced veterinary care are improving the efficiency and outcomes of pig breeding programs. These technologies not only enhance the health and growth rates of pigs but also ensure better disease resistance, which is crucial in minimizing losses and ensuring food safety. Moreover, the adoption of IoT and data analytics in pig farming is providing farmers with valuable insights into herd management, leading to optimized feeding practices, improved living conditions, and overall better farm management.

Economic growth and urbanization in emerging markets are also playing a pivotal role in the expansion of the pig-breeding and raising market. As disposable incomes rise and urban populations grow, there is a shift towards higher meat consumption, including pork. This trend is particularly evident in countries across Asia and Latin America, where rapid economic progress is driving changes in dietary patterns. Consequently, local and international players are investing heavily in these regions to tap into the burgeoning market potential. Furthermore, government initiatives aimed at enhancing agricultural productivity and supporting the livestock sector are providing additional impetus for market growth.

The role of Pig Breeding Feed is crucial in optimizing the growth and health of pigs throughout their lifecycle. As the demand for pork continues to rise, the focus on providing high-quality and nutritionally balanced feed becomes even more significant. Pig Breeding Feed is formulated to meet the specific dietary needs of breeding pigs, ensuring they receive the essential nutrients required for optimal reproduction and health. This specialized feed supports the development of robust piglets and enhances the overall productivity of pig-breeding operations. By investing in superior feed formulations, farmers can improve the efficiency of their breeding programs, leading to healthier herds and higher quality meat production.

From a regional perspective, Asia Pacific is expected to dominate the pig-breeding and raising market, followed by Europe and North America. The robust demand for pork in countries like China, Japan, and South Korea, coupled with advancements in pig farming practices, is propelling the market in this region. In contrast, North America's market growth is being fueled by technological innovations and a strong focus on sustainability and animal welfare. Meanwhile, Europe's stringent regulations on animal health and welfare are prompting the adoption of advanced breeding practices, thereby contributing to market growth. Other regions such as Latin America and the Middle East & Africa are witnessing gradual growth due to increasing investments and a focus on improving domestic meat production capabilities.

Product Type Analysis

The pig-breeding and raising market is segmented by product type into breeding pigs, piglets, and mature pigs. Breeding pigs represent a crucial segment of the market as the

According to Cognitive Market Research, the global Pig Farming market size is USD 3151.2 million in 2024 and will expand at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 2.30% from 2024 to 2031. North America held the major market of more than 40% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 1260.48 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 0.5% from 2024 to 2031. Europe accounted for a share of over 30% of the global market size of USD 945.36 million. Asia Pacific held the market of around 23% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 724.78 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 4.3% from 2024 to 2031. Latin America market of more than 5% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 157.56 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 1.7% from 2024 to 2031. Middle East and Africa held the major market of around 2% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 63.02 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 2.0% from 2024 to 2031. The commercial breeds held the highest Pig Farming market revenue share in 2024. Market Dynamics of Pig Farming Market

Key Drivers for Pig Farming Market

Increasing Demand for Pork to Propel the Market Revenue Growth

The demand for pork, a major source of protein in many diets, has increased due to the expanding worldwide population, especially in emerging economies. Urbanization, shifting food tastes, and growing disposable incomes are some of the causes driving this demand. For instance, according to the U.S. Department of Agriculture, a higher-than-expected February production led to a 30 million increase in the first-quarter commercial pork production to 7.2 billion pounds. It is anticipated that 27.9 billion pounds of commercial pork would be produced in 2024, a 2.2% increase over the previous year. It is predicted that the average live price of 51–52 percent lean pigs will be $61 per cwt, which is 3.7% more than in 2023. Due to increased demand from significant importing nations and declining EU pork competitiveness as a result of higher prices and decreased supply, pork exports are expected to increase by 50 million pounds by 2024. Pork exports are predicted to total 7.1 billion pounds in 2024, 4.6 percent more than shipments from the previous year.

Source: https://www.ers.usda.gov/topics/animal-products/hogs-pork/market-outlook/.

Rising Food Demand to Propel Market Growth

The growing food demand is expected to drive the pig farming market during the forecast period. The world's population is continually increasing, and with it, the demand for food rises. As more people require sustenance, there's a proportional increase in the demand for protein sources like pork. As per the report published by Food and Agriculture Organization, between 2009 and 2050, the world's population is predicted to increase by more than a third, or 2.3 billion people. Based on the forecasts, it would be necessary to increase global food production by around 70% between 2005/07 and 2050 to feed the 9.1 billion people that will live the planet by then.

Source: https://www.fao.org/fileadmin/templates/wsfs/docs/Issues_papers/HLEF2050_Global_Agriculture.pdf

Restraint Factor for the Pig Farming Market

Environmental Concerns to Limit the Expansion of the Market

Negative effects of pig farming on the environment can include waste disposal and nutrient runoff polluting the air, soil, and water resources. Pig farmers may face difficulties due to worries about environmental sustainability and pressure from regulations to mitigate these effects, especially if they operate in highly populated or environmentally sensitive areas. According to the study by New Root Institute, a large pig farm has the capacity to produce up to 1.6 million tons of manure annually. These enormous amounts can be difficult to handle, and manure can find its way into the surrounding groundwater and air, harming the local ecosystem and possibly posing health risks to adjacent communities.

Source: https://www.newrootsinstitute.org/articles/pig-farming#:~:text=A%20large%20pig%20farm%20can,and%20even%20causing%20health%20problems.

Impact of Covid-19 on the Pig Farming Market

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the pig farming market, both in terms of immediate disruptions and longer-term implications. COVID-19-rela...

a The total number of farms or population occurring within each of seven farm/population-size bins. Data from Table 19, 2012 U.S. Census of Agriculture [16].b Grand totals for the farm and population data types representing the total number of swine farms and total swine population for the entire U.S.The number of swine farms is not confidential information and is published for all hierarchical levels of the Census of Agriculture. In contrast, the number of individual pigs can reveal socioeconomic information about individual farms and can be redacted, most commonly for county totals and subtotals due to fewer farms in these finer resolution categories.

Cox proportional hazard model results relating first passage time of GPS-collared wild pigs on Fort Hood Military Installation, Texas, USA in 2016–2017 to explanatory variables.

Pseudorabies virus (PRV) – the causative agent of Aujeszky's disease – was eliminated from commercial pig production herds in the United States (US) in 2004; however, PRV remains endemic among invasive feral swine (Sus scrofa). The circulation of PRV among abundant, widespread feral swine populations poses a sustained risk for disease spillover to production herds. Risk–based surveillance has been successfully implemented for PRV in feral swine populations in the US. However, understanding the role of host genetics in infection status may offer new insights into the epidemiology and disease dynamics of PRV that can be applied to management strategies. Genetic mechanisms underlying host susceptibility to PRV are relatively unknown; therefore, we sought to identify genomic regions associated with PRV infection status among naturally infected feral swine using genome–wide association studies (GWAS) and gene set enrichment analysis of single nucleotide polymorphism data (GSEA–SNP). Paired serological and genotypic data were collected from 6,081 feral swine distributed across the invaded range within the contiguous US. Three complementary study populations were developed for GWAS: 1) comprehensive population consisting of feral swine throughout the invaded range within the contiguous US; 2) population of feral swine under high, but temporally variable PRV infection pressure; and 3) population of feral swine under temporally stable, high PRV infection pressure. We identified one intronic SNP associated with PRV infection status within candidate gene AKAP6 on autosome 7. Various gene sets linked to metabolic pathways were enriched in the GSEA–SNP. Ultimately, improving disease surveillance efforts in feral swine will be critical to further understanding of the role host genetics play in PRV infection status, helping secure the health of commercial pork production.

Pig population - annual data Copyright notice and free re-use of data on: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/about-us/policies/copyright

The South American swine feed market, currently exhibiting a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 2.50%, presents a compelling investment opportunity. Driven by increasing pork consumption fueled by a growing population and rising disposable incomes, the market is projected to experience robust expansion throughout the forecast period (2025-2033). Key growth drivers include the increasing adoption of advanced feed formulations focusing on improved animal health and productivity, alongside a growing preference for high-quality pork products. While the market faces challenges such as fluctuating raw material prices and concerns around disease outbreaks, technological advancements in feed production and distribution are mitigating these risks. The market is segmented by ingredient type (cereals, cereal by-products, oilseed meal, oils, supplements, others), supplement type (vitamins, amino acids, antibiotics, enzymes, antioxidants, acidifiers, probiotics & prebiotics, others), and geography (Brazil, Argentina, Rest of South America). Brazil and Argentina represent the largest market segments, benefiting from established swine farming industries and supportive government policies. The competitive landscape includes both multinational corporations like DSM NV, Cargill Inc., and ForFarmers NV, and regional players, creating a dynamic market environment. The diverse range of feed ingredients and supplements caters to evolving consumer preferences for sustainably produced pork. The market's success is closely tied to the health and productivity of the swine population. Therefore, continuous innovation in feed formulation, focusing on nutritional optimization and disease prevention, will be crucial for future growth. The increasing focus on sustainable and environmentally friendly feed production practices will also influence market dynamics. Companies are actively investing in research and development to enhance feed efficiency and minimize environmental impact. This focus, combined with the expanding demand for high-quality pork products within South America, paints a positive outlook for the swine feed market's future growth and profitability. Further analysis of specific regional data within Brazil, Argentina, and the Rest of South America would provide a more granular understanding of market performance and opportunities. This comprehensive report provides an in-depth analysis of the South America swine feed market, offering valuable insights for businesses operating in this dynamic sector. With a study period spanning 2019-2033, a base year of 2025, and a forecast period from 2025-2033, this report utilizes historical data (2019-2024) to provide accurate market estimations and future projections. The report covers key aspects of the market, including market size (in million units), competitive landscape, growth drivers, challenges, and emerging trends. This analysis is crucial for strategic decision-making regarding investments, expansions, and market penetration in the South American swine feed industry. Key drivers for this market are: Increased Demand for Meat, Initiatives By the Key Players; Focus on Animal nutrition and Health. Potential restraints include: Shift Toward Vegan- Based Diet, Changing Raw Material Prices and Strict Government Rules to Restrict Market Growth. Notable trends are: Increasing Pig Stocks in the Region.

Livestock distribution in the United States (U.S.) can only be mapped at a county-level or worse resolution. We developed a spatial microsimulation model called the Farm Location and Agricultural Production Simulator (FLAPS) that simulated the distribution and populations of individual livestock farms throughout the conterminous U.S. Using domestic pigs (Sus scrofa domesticus) as an example species, we customized iterative proportional-fitting algorithms for the hierarchical structure of the U.S. Census of Agriculture and imputed unpublished state- or county-level livestock population totals that were redacted to ensure confidentiality. We used a weighted sampling design to collect data on the presence and absence of farms and used them to develop a national-scale distribution model that predicted the distribution of individual farms at a 100 m resolution. We implemented microsimulation algorithms that simulated the populations and locations of individual farms using output from our imputed Census of Agriculture dataset and distribution model. Approximately 19% of county-level pig population totals were unpublished in the 2012 Census of Agriculture and needed to be imputed. Using aerial photography, we confirmed the presence or absence of livestock farms at 10,238 locations and found livestock farms were correlated with open areas, cropland, and roads, and also areas with cooler temperatures and gentler topography. The distribution of swine farms was highly variable, but cross-validation of our distribution model produced an area under the receiver-operating characteristics curve value of 0.78, which indicated good predictive performance. Verification analyses showed FLAPS accurately imputed and simulated Census of Agriculture data based on absolute percent difference values of < 0.01% at the state-to-national scale, 3.26% for the county-to-state scale, and 0.03% for the individual farm-to-county scale. Our output data have many applications for risk management of agricultural systems including epidemiological studies, food safety, biosecurity issues, emergency-response planning, and conflicts between livestock and other natural resources.

A priori models of covariates hypothesized to influence first passage time (FPT) and their predicted effects on GPS collared wild pigs on Fort Hood Military Installation in 2016–2017.

In 2024, around ***** million metric tons of pork was produced in China, a slight decrease from around ***** million tons in the previous year. In 2019 and 2020, the market was affected by a major African swine fever outbreak in the country, which started in mid-2018 and lasted for over a year. Pork industry in China China has the largest hog heard in the world and accounts for more than a half of the global pig population. Around 60 percent of China’s entire meat industry output is pork. Pork is also by far the most favored and most consumed type of meat in the Chinese diet. The domestic per capita consumption of pork remained the highest among all fresh meat products, and is expected to increase. To meet the growing demand, China imports over *** million metric tons of pork annually. In 2023, pork import volume fell back to *****million tons from **** million tons in 2020 as a result of increased domestic production. WH Group WH Group (formerly Shuanghui Group) is China’s leading meat processing company and the largest pork company in the world. In 2013, the corporation acquired Smithfield Foods, the largest pork processing company in the United States. In 2024, WH Group generated a total revenue of around ******billion U.S. dollars, mostly from packaged meat products and fresh pork. The company owns pig farms and production bases in China, the United States, and Europe.

Supplementary information

description: There are two datasets in the compressed file along with individual metadata files which completely describe the datasets. The first data set consists of county estimates of nitrogen and phosphorus in kilograms from animal manure for the conterminous United States for 2007 and 2012. These data are available as both text files and spreadsheets. These estimates were based on county-level population data of livestock, poultry, and other animals (cattle, poultry, hogs and pigs, horses and ponies, sheep and lambs) from the 2007 and 2012 Census of Agriculture, using methods described in U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5012. The second dataset is a 30 by 30 meter (m) resolution grid of counties in the conterminous United States as defined in the year 2010 that was used to assign the animal population per county. This county grid allows the first dataset described to be compared to prior publications of nitrogen and phosphorus content of manure.; abstract: There are two datasets in the compressed file along with individual metadata files which completely describe the datasets. The first data set consists of county estimates of nitrogen and phosphorus in kilograms from animal manure for the conterminous United States for 2007 and 2012. These data are available as both text files and spreadsheets. These estimates were based on county-level population data of livestock, poultry, and other animals (cattle, poultry, hogs and pigs, horses and ponies, sheep and lambs) from the 2007 and 2012 Census of Agriculture, using methods described in U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5012. The second dataset is a 30 by 30 meter (m) resolution grid of counties in the conterminous United States as defined in the year 2010 that was used to assign the animal population per county. This county grid allows the first dataset described to be compared to prior publications of nitrogen and phosphorus content of manure.

Seasonal variation in stomach contents is expressed as average percent volume (%V) that an item contributed to the total volume on an individual’s stomach (followed by standard error in parentheses), and the frequency (%F) at which an in item was detected at least once in an individual during a season on the Fort Hood Military Installation, Texas, USA, 2016–2017.