Abstract

The 2011 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) was conducted by the Central Statistical Agency (CSA) under the auspices of the Ministry of Health.

The principal objective of the 2011 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) is to provide current and reliable data on fertility and family planning behaviour, child mortality, adult and maternal mortality, children’s nutritional status, use of maternal and child health services, knowledge of HIV/AIDS, and prevalence of HIV/AIDS and anaemia. The specific objectives are these: - Collect data at the national level that will allow the calculation of key demographic rates; - Analyse the direct and indirect factors that determine fertility levels and trends; - Measure the levels of contraceptive knowledge and practice of women and men by family planning method, urban-rural residence, and region of the country; - Collect high-quality data on family health, including immunisation coverage among children, prevalence and treatment of diarrhoea and other diseases among children under ge five, and maternity care indicators, including antenatal visits and assistance at delivery; - Collect data on infant and child mortality and maternal mortality; - Obtain data on child feeding practices, including breastfeeding, and collect anthropometric measures to assess the nutritional status of women and children; - Collect data on knowledge and attitudes of women and men about sexually transmitted diseases and HIV/AIDS and evaluate patterns of recent behaviour regarding condom use; - Conduct haemoglobin testing on women age 15-49 and children 6-59 months to provide information on the prevalence of anaemia among these groups; - Carry out anonymous HIV testing on women and men of reproductive age to provide information on the prevalence of HIV.

This information is essential for informed policy decisions, planning, monitoring, and evaluation of programmes on health in general and reproductive health in particular at both the national and regional levels. A long-term objective of the survey is to strengthen the technical capacity of the Central Statistical Agency to plan, conduct, process, and analyse data from complex national population and health surveys.

Moreover, the 2011 EDHS provides national and regional estimates on population and health that are comparable to data collected in similar surveys in other developing countries and to Ethiopia’s two previous DHS surveys, conducted in 2000 and 2005. Data collected in the 2011 EDHS add to the large and growing international database of demographic and health indicators.

The survey was intentionally planned to be fielded at the beginning of the last term of the MDG reporting period to provide data for the assessment of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs).

The survey interviewed a nationally representative population in about 18,500 households, and all women age 15-49 and all men age 15-59 in these households. In this report key indicators relating to family planning, fertility levels and determinants, fertility preferences, infant, child, adult and maternal mortality, maternal and child health, nutrition, women’s empowerment, and knowledge of HIV/AIDS are provided for the nine regional states and two city administrations. In addition, this report also provides data by urban and rural residence at the country level.

Major stakeholders from various government, non-government, and UN organizations have been involved and have contributed in the technical, managerial, and operational aspects of the survey.

Geographic coverage

A nationally representative sample of 17,817 households was selected.

Universe

All women 15-49 who were usual residents or who slept in the selected households the night before the survey were eligible for the survey. A male survey was also conducted. All men 15-49 who were usual residents or who slept in the selected households the night before the survey were eligible for the male survey.

Kind of data

Sample survey data

Sampling procedure

The sample for the 2011 EDHS was designed to provide population and health indicators at the national (urban and rural) and regional levels. The sample design allowed for specific indicators, such as contraceptive use, to be calculated for each of Ethiopia's 11 geographic/administrative regions (the nine regional states and two city administrations). The 2007 Population and Housing Census, conducted by the CSA, provided the sampling frame from which the 2011 EDHS sample was drawn.

Administratively, regions in Ethiopia are divided into zones, and zones, into administrative units called weredas. Each wereda is further subdivided into the lowest administrative unit, called kebele. During the 2007 census each kebele was subdivided into census enumeration areas (EAs), which were convenient for the implementation of the census. The 2011 EDHS sample was selected using a stratified, two-stage cluster design, and EAs were the sampling units for the first stage. The sample included 624 EAs, 187 in urban areas and 437 in rural areas.

Households comprised the second stage of sampling. A complete listing of households was carried out in each of the 624 selected EAs from September 2010 through January 2011. Sketch maps were drawn for each of the clusters, and all conventional households were listed. The listing excluded institutional living arrangements and collective quarters (e.g., army barracks, hospitals, police camps, and boarding schools). A representative sample of 17,817 households was selected for the 2011 EDHS. Because the sample is not self-weighting at the national level, all data in this report are weighted unless otherwise specified.

In the Somali region, in 18 of the 65 selected EAs listed households were not interviewed for various reasons, such as drought and security problems, and 10 of the 65 selected EAs were not listed due to security reasons. Therefore, the data for Somali may not be totally representative of the region as a whole. However, national-level estimates are not affected, as the percentage of the population in the EAs not covered in the Somali region is proportionally very small.

SAMPLING FRAME

The sampling frame used for 2011 EDHS is the Population and Housing Census (PHC) conducted in 2007 provided by the Central Statistical Agency (CSA, 2008). CSA has an electronic file consisting of 81,654 Enumeration Areas (EA) created for the 2007 census in 10 of its 11 geographic regions. An EA is a geographic area consisting of a convenient number of dwelling units which served as counting unit for the census. The frame file contains information about the location, the type of residence, and the number of residential households for each of the 81,654 EAs. Sketch maps are also available for each EA which delimitate the geographic boundaries of the EA. The 2007 PHC conducted in the Somali region used a different methodology due to difficulty of access. Therefore, the sampling frame for the Somali region is in a different file and in different format. Due to security concerns in the Somali region, in the beginning it was decided that 2011 EDHS would be conducted only in three of nine zones in the Somali region: Shinile, Jijiga, and Liben, same as in the 2000 and 2005 EDHS. However, a later decision was made to include three other zones: Afder, Gode and Warder. This was the first time that these three zones were included in a major nationwide survey such as the 2011 EDHS. The sampling frame for the 2011 EDHS consists of a total of 85,057 EAs.

The sampling frame excluded some special EAs with disputed boundaries. These EAs represent only 0.1% of the total population.

Ethiopia is divided into 11 geographical regions. Each region is sub-divided into zones, each zone into Waredas, each Wareda into towns, and each town into Kebeles. Among the 85,057 EAs, 17,548 (21 percent) are in urban areas and 67,509 (79 percent) are in rural areas. The average size of EA in number of households is 169 in an urban EA and 180 in a rural EA, with an overall average of 178 households per EA. Table A.2 shows the distributions of households in the sampling frame, by region and residence. The data show that 81 percent of the Ethiopia’s households are concentrated in three regions: Amhara, Oromiya and SNNP, while 4 percent of all households are in the five smallest regions: Afar, Benishangul-Gumuz, Gambela, Harari and Dire Dawa.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The 2011 EDHS used three questionnaires: the Household Questionnaire, the Woman’s Questionnaire, and the Man’s Questionnaire. These questionnaires were adapted from model survey instruments developed for the MEASURE DHS project to reflect the population and health issues relevant to Ethiopia. Issues were identified at a series of meetings with the various stakeholders. In addition to English, the questionnaires were translated into three major languages—Amharigna, Oromiffa, and Tigrigna.

The Household Questionnaire was used to list all the usual members and visitors of selected households. Basic information was collected on the characteristics of each person listed, including age, sex, education, and relationship to the head of the household. For children under age 18, survival status of the parents was determined. The data on the age and sex of household members obtained in the Household Questionnaire were used to identify women and men who were eligible for the individual interview. The Household Questionnaire also collected information on characteristics of the household’s dwelling unit, such as the source of water, type of toilet facilities, materials used for the floor of the house, and ownership of various consumer

Ethiopia ET: Educational Attainment, At Least Completed Upper Secondary: Population 25+ Years: Total: % Cumulative data was reported at 8.836 % in 2011. This records an increase from the previous number of 7.024 % for 2007. Ethiopia ET: Educational Attainment, At Least Completed Upper Secondary: Population 25+ Years: Total: % Cumulative data is updated yearly, averaging 7.930 % from Dec 2007 (Median) to 2011, with 2 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 8.836 % in 2011 and a record low of 7.024 % in 2007. Ethiopia ET: Educational Attainment, At Least Completed Upper Secondary: Population 25+ Years: Total: % Cumulative data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Ethiopia – Table ET.World Bank: Education Statistics. The percentage of population ages 25 and over that attained or completed upper secondary education.; ; UNESCO Institute for Statistics; ;

This interactive map of Ethiopia identifies the woredas (districts) where the AGP is active. GAFSP contributes about 23% of the total AGP financing, which is also supported by other development partners, including the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA), the Spanish Agency for International Development Cooperation (AECID), the Kingdom of the Netherlands, the United Nations Development Program (UNDP), and the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). GAFSP funds are being channeled into a pooled AGP fund to increase donor coordination and to decrease project administrative costs. The map is broken down into 11 regions, 81 zones, and 550 woredas (districts). The 83 AGP project areas (at the woreda level) are spread across the four regions of Amhara, Oromiya, Tigray, and Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples Region (SNNPR). AGP activities are primarily in the highlands temperate mixed zones, where the climatic conditions are relatively temperate and that, with AGP support, have considerable potential for agricultural growth. In these areas, small-scale farmers crop an average area of less than 1 hectare (ranging between 0.25 and 2.3 hectares). The interactive map shows sub-national poverty and population density data, as well as information on the predominant farming systems in the various regions. Data Sources: AGP Project LocationsSource: Project Appraisal Document (PAD). Africa Juice Project LocationSource: IFC - GAFSP Documents. Poverty (Proportion of population below the poverty line) (2005): Proportion of the population living on less than US$1.25 a day, measured at 2005 international prices, adjusted for purchasing power parity (PPP).Source: Harvest Choice / Multiple national household surveys; PovcalNet; The World Bank; and Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT). 2011. Sub-national poverty headcount ratios derived from 23 nationally representative household surveys and population census information conducted in various years. Rates are for the $1.25/day (extreme poverty) expressed in 2005 international equivalent purchasing power parity (PPP) dollars. Rates are in percentages of total population. (Aggregation type: WGHTD). Poverty (Proportion of population below the poverty line) (2011): Proportion of the population living on less than 3,781 Birr per adult per year.Source: Ministry of Finance and Economic Development. “Ethiopia’s Progress Towards Eradicating Poverty: An Interim Report on Poverty Analysis Study (2010/11).” Malnutrition (Proportion of underweight children under 5 years) (2011): Prevalence of severely underweight children is the percentage of children aged 0-59 months whose weight-for-age is less than minus 3 standard deviations below the median weight for age of the international reference population.Source: “Demographic and Health Survey 2011.” Measure DHS.MEASURE DHS (Demographic and Health Surveys) Project is responsible for collecting and disseminating accurate, nationally representative data on health and population in developing countries. The project is implemented by Macro International, Inc. and is funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) with contributions from other donors such as UNICEF, UNFPA, WHO, UNAIDS. Malnutrition (Proportion of underweight children under 5 years) (2016): Prevalence of severely underweight children is the percentage of children aged 0-59 months whose weight for age is less than minus 3 standard deviations below the median weight for age of the international reference population.Source: Central Statistical Agency CAS. “Demographic and Health Survey 2016.” Measure DHS. Population Density (Persons per 1 square kilometer) (2007): Population divided by land area in square kilometers.Total population (2015): Total population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship, except for refugees not permanently settled in the country of asylum, who are generally considered part of the population of their country of origin.Source: Central Statistical Agency CAS. Projections based on the results of the May 2007 National Population and Housing Census of Ethiopia. Population Density (2015): Population divided by land area in square kilometers.Source: Central Statistical Agency CAS. Projections based on the results of the May 2007 National Population and Housing Census of Ethiopia. Market Centers: Key market centers for retail, assembly and/ or wholesale of agricultural products. FEWS NET reference markets.Source: FEWS Net. The Famine Early Warning Systems Network (FEWS NET) is a USAID-funded activity that collaborates with international, regional and national partners to provide timely and rigorous early warning and vulnerability information on emerging and evolving food security issues. Farming Systems (2001): Farming systems according to FAO methodology: Agro-pastoral land, millet-sorghum, highland perennial, maize mixed, irrigated land, pastoral land and sparse arid Land.Source: Harvest Choice / Dixon, J. and A. Gulliver with David Gibbon, Principal Editor: Malcolm Hall. Improving Farmers' Livelihoods in a Changing World. FAO/World Bank. 2001. (Aggregation type: NONE) Land cover (2009): Land cover defined as the physical material at the surface or earth, vegetation planted or man-made constructions (water, ice, bare rock, sand, grass, asphalt, trees, etc.). Land cover can be determined by analyzing satellite and aerial imagery.Source: 3R Initiative (RAIN, Acacia Water, MetaMeta, Aqua for all, BGR and IGRAC). “Global Land Cover.” www.hoefsloot.com/horn/ Sorghum Area (2015-16): Area in hectares of agriculture land used for sorghum.Source: Central Statistical Agency CAS. “Agricultural Sample Survey (AgSS) 2015/2016 (2008 E.C.) Report on Area and Production of Major Crops.” Sorghum Production (2015-16): Sorghum harvested expressed in tons.Source: Central Statistical Agency CAS. “Agricultural Sample Survey (AgSS) 2015/2016 (2008 E.C.). Report on Area and Production of Major Crops.” Maize Area (2015-16): Area in hectares of agriculture land used for Maize.Source: Central Statistical Agency CAS. “Agricultural Sample Survey (AgSS) 2015/2016 (2008 E.C.). Report on Area and Production of Major Crops.” Maize Production (2015-16): Maize harvested expressed in tons.

Source: Central Statistical Agency CAS. “Agricultural Sample Survey (AgSS) 2015/2016 (2008 E.C.). Report on Area and Production of Major Crops.”The maps displayed on this website are for reference only. The boundaries, colors, denominations and any other information shown on these maps do not imply, on the part of GAFSP (and the World Bank Group), any judgment on the legal status of any territory, or any endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries.

Ethiopia ET: Educational Attainment: At Least Competed Short-Cycle Tertiary: Population 25+ Years: Total: % Cumulative data was reported at 1.093 % in 2011. This records an increase from the previous number of 0.505 % for 2007. Ethiopia ET: Educational Attainment: At Least Competed Short-Cycle Tertiary: Population 25+ Years: Total: % Cumulative data is updated yearly, averaging 0.799 % from Dec 2007 (Median) to 2011, with 2 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1.093 % in 2011 and a record low of 0.505 % in 2007. Ethiopia ET: Educational Attainment: At Least Competed Short-Cycle Tertiary: Population 25+ Years: Total: % Cumulative data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Ethiopia – Table ET.World Bank: Education Statistics. The percentage of population ages 25 and over that attained or completed short-cycle tertiary education.; ; UNESCO Institute for Statistics; ;

Abstract

The general objective of CSA's Agricultural Sample Survey (AgSS) is to collect basic quantitative information on the country's agriculture that is essential for planning, policy formulation, monitoring and evaluation of mainly food security and other agricultural activities. The AgSS is composed of four components: Crop Production Forecast Survey, Meher Season Post Harvest Survey (Area and production, land use, farm management and crop utilization), Livestock Survey and Belg Season Survey.

The specific objectives of Meher Season Post Harvest Survey are to estimate the total crop area, volume of crop production and yield of crops for Meher Season agriculture in Ethiopia. The report is based on private peasant holdings in rural sedentary areas of the country and part of companion reports on the performance of agriculture in the country. The report is compiled at regional and zonal level.

Geographic coverage

The 2010/11 (2003 E.C.) Annual Agricultural Sample Survey (Meher season) covered the entire rural parts of the country except the non-sedentary population of three zones of Afar & six zones of Somali regions.

Analysis unit

Agricultural household/ Holder/ Crop

Universe

Agricultural households

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

SAMPLING FRAME
The list containing EAs of all regions and their respective households obtained from the 1999 E.C cartographic census frame was used as the sampling frame in order to select the primary sampling units (EAs). Consequently, all sample EAs were selected from this frame based on the design proposed for the survey. The second stage sampling units, households, were selected from a fresh list of households that were prepared for each EA at the beginning of the survey.

SAMPLE DESIGN In order to select the sample a stratified two-stage cluster sample design was implemented. Enumeration areas (EAs) were taken to be the primary sampling units (PSUs) and the secondary sampling units (SSUs) were agricultural households. The sample size for the 2010/11 agricultural sample survey was determined by taking into account of both the required level of precision for the most important estimates within each domain and the amount of resources allocated to the survey. In order to reduce non-sampling errors, manageability of the survey in terms of quality and operational control was also considered.
All regions were taken to be the domain of estimation for which major findings of the survey are reported.

SELECTION SCHEME Enumeration areas from each stratum were selected systematically using probability proportional to size sampling technique; size being number of agricultural households. The sizes for EAs were obtained from the 2007 E.C Population and Housing census frame. From the fresh list of households prepared at the beginning of the survey 20 agricultural households within each sample EA were selected systematically.

Distribution of sampling units (sampled and covered EAs and households) by stratum is presented in Appendix-III of the final report.

Sampling deviation

A total of 2,280 Enumeration Areas (EAs) were selected. However, due to various reasons that are beyond control, in 25 EAs the survey could not be successful and hence interrupted.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The 2010-2011 annual Agricultural Sample Survey used structured questionnaires to collect agricultural information from selected sample households.

List of forms in the questionnaires: - AgSS Form 2003/0: It contains forms that used to list all households in the sample areas. - AgSS Form 2003/1: It contains forms that used to list selected agricultural households and holders in the sample areas. - AgSS Form 2003/2A: It contains forms that used to collect information about crops, results of area measurements covered by crops and other land uses. - AgSS Form 2003/2B: It contains forms that used to collect information about miscellaneous questions for the holders. - AgSS Form 2003/4: It contains forms that used to collect information about list of temporary crop fields for selecting crop cutting plots. - AgSS Form 2003/5: It contains forms that used to collect information about list of temporary crop cutting results.

Cleaning operations

Editing, Coding and Verification Statistical data editing plays an important role in ensuring the quality of the collected survey data. It minimizes the effects of errors introduced while collecting data in the field, hence the need for data editing, coding and verification. Although coding and editing are done by the enumerators and supervisors in the field, respectively, verification of this task is done at the Head Office.

An editing, coding and verification instruction manual was prepared and reproduced for this purpose. Then 66 editors-coders and verifiers were trained for two days in editing, coding and verification using the aforementioned manual as a reference and teaching aid. The completed questionnaires were edited, coded and later verified on a 100 % basis before the questionnaires were passed over to the data entry unit. The editing, coding and verification exercise of all questionnaires took 18 days.

Data Entry, Cleaning and Tabulation Before data entry, the Agriculture, Natural Resources and Environment Statistics Directorate of the CSA prepared edit specification for the survey for use on personal computers for data consistency checking purposes. The data on the edited and coded questionnaires were then entered into personal computers. The data were then checked and cleaned using the edit specifications prepared earlier for this purpose. The data entry operation involved about 70 data encoders, 10 data encoder supervisors, 12 data cleaning operators and 55 personal computers. The data entered into the computers using the entry module of the CSPRO (Census and Survey Processing System) software, which is a software package developed by the United States Bureau of the Census. Following the data entry operations, the data was further reviewed for data inconsistencies, missing data … etc. by the regular professional staff from Agriculture, Natural Resources and Environment Statistics Directorate. The final stage of the data processing was to summarizing the cleaned data and produce statistical tables that present the results of the survey using the tabulation component of the PC based CSPRO software produced by professional staff from Agriculture, Natural Resources and Environment Statistics Directorate.

Response rate

The survey succeeded to cover 2,236 EAs (98.5 %) throughout the regions

Sampling error estimates

Estimation procedure of totals, ratios, sampling error and the measurement of precision of estimates (CV) are given in Appendix-I and II of the final report.

Ethiopia ET: Female Headed Households data was reported at 25.400 % in 2016. This records a decrease from the previous number of 26.100 % for 2011. Ethiopia ET: Female Headed Households data is updated yearly, averaging 24.500 % from Dec 2000 (Median) to 2016, with 4 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 26.100 % in 2011 and a record low of 22.800 % in 2005. Ethiopia ET: Female Headed Households data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Ethiopia – Table ET.World Bank.WDI: Population and Urbanization Statistics. Female headed households shows the percentage of households with a female head.; ; Demographic and Health Surveys.; ; The composition of a household plays a role in the determining other characteristics of a household, such as how many children are sent to school and the distribution of family income.

Abstract

The 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) is the fourth Demographic and Health Survey conducted in Ethiopia. It was implemented by the Central Statistical Agency (CSA) at the request of the Federal Ministry of Health (FMoH). Data collection took place from January 18, 2016, to June 27, 2016.

SURVEY OBJECTIVES The primary objective of the 2016 EDHS is to provide up-to-date estimates of key demographic and health indicators. The EDHS provides a comprehensive overview of population, maternal, and child health issues in Ethiopia. More specifically, the 2016 EDHS: - Collected data at the national level that allowed calculation of key demographic indicators, particularly fertility and under-5 and adult mortality rates - Explored the direct and indirect factors that determine levels and trends of fertility and child mortality - Measured levels of contraceptive knowledge and practice - Collected data on key aspects of family health, including immunisation coverage among children, prevalence and treatment of diarrhoea and other diseases among children under age 5, and maternity care indicators such as antenatal visits and assistance at delivery - Obtained data on child feeding practices, including breastfeeding - Collected anthropometric measures to assess the nutritional status of children under age 5, women age 15-49, and men age 15-59 - Conducted haemoglobin testing on eligible children age 6-59 months, women age 15-49, and men age 15-59 to provide information on the prevalence of anaemia in these groups - Collected data on knowledge and attitudes of women and men about sexually transmitted diseases and HIV/AIDS and evaluated potential exposure to the risk of HIV infection by exploring high-risk behaviours and condom use - Conducted HIV testing of dried blood spot (DBS) samples collected from women age 15-49 and men age 15-59 to provide information on the prevalence of HIV among adults of reproductive age - Collected data on the prevalence of injuries and accidents among all household members - Collected data on knowledge and prevalence of fistula and female genital mutilation or cutting (FGM/C) among women age 15-49 and their daughters age 0-14 - Obtained data on women’s experience of emotional, physical, and sexual violence.

As the fourth DHS conducted in Ethiopia, following the 2000, 2005, and 2011 EDHS surveys, the 2016 EDHS provides valuable information on trends in key demographic and health indicators over time. The information collected through the 2016 EDHS is intended to assist policymakers and programme managers in evaluating and designing programmes and strategies for improving the health of the country’s population.

Additionally, the 2016 EDHS included a health facility component that recorded data on children’s vaccinations, which were then combined with the household data on vaccinations.

Geographic coverage

National coverage

Analysis unit

• Households
• Men
• Women
• Children

Universe

Household members women age 15-49 men age 15-59 children under age 5

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The sampling frame used for the 2016 EDHS is the Ethiopia Population and Housing Census (PHC), which was conducted in 2007 by the Ethiopia Central Statistical Agency. The census frame is a complete list of 84,915 enumeration areas (EAs) created for the 2007 PHC. An EA is a geographic area covering on average 181 households. The sampling frame contains information about the EA location, type of residence (urban or rural), and estimated number of residential households. With the exception of EAs in six zones of the Somali region, each EA has accompanying cartographic materials. These materials delineate geographic locations, boundaries, main access, and landmarks in or outside the EA that help identify the EA. In Somali, a cartographic frame was used in three zones where sketch maps delineating the EA geographic boundaries were available for each EA; in the remaining six zones, satellite image maps were used to provide a map for each EA.

Administratively, Ethiopia is divided into nine geographical regions and two administrative cities. The sample for the 2016 EDHS was designed to provide estimates of key indicators for the country as a whole, for urban and rural areas separately, and for each of the nine regions and the two administrative cities.

The 2016 EDHS sample was stratified and selected in two stages. Each region was stratified into urban and rural areas, yielding 21 sampling strata. Samples of EAs were selected independently in each stratum in two stages. Implicit stratification and proportional allocation were achieved at each of the lower administrative levels by sorting the sampling frame within each sampling stratum before sample selection, according to administrative units in different levels, and by using a probability proportional to size selection at the first stage of sampling.

In the first stage, a total of 645 EAs (202 in urban areas and 443 in rural areas) were selected with probability proportional to EA size (based on the 2007 PHC) and with independent selection in each sampling stratum. A household listing operation was carried out in all of the selected EAs from September to December 2015. The resulting lists of households served as a sampling frame for the selection of households in the second stage. Some of the selected EAs were large, consisting of more than 300 households. To minimise the task of household listing, each large EA selected for the 2016 EDHS was segmented. Only one segment was selected for the survey with probability proportional to segment size. Household listing was conducted only in the selected segment; that is, a 2016 EDHS cluster is either an EA or a segment of an EA.

In the second stage of selection, a fixed number of 28 households per cluster were selected with an equal probability systematic selection from the newly created household listing. All women age 15-49 and all men age 15-59 who were either permanent residents of the selected households or visitors who stayed in the household the night before the survey were eligible to be interviewed. In half of the selected households, all women age 15-49 were eligible for the FGM/C module, and only one woman per household was selected for the domestic violence module. In all of the selected households, height and weight measurements were collected from children age 0-59 months, women age 15-49, and men age 15-59. Anaemia testing was performed on consenting women age 15-49 and men age 15-59 and on children age 6-59 months whose parent/guardian consented to the testing. In addition, DBS samples were collected for HIV testing in the laboratory from women age 15-49 and men age 15-59 who consented to testing.

Mode of data collection

Computer Assisted Personal Interview [capi]

Research instrument

Five questionnaires were used for the 2016 EDHS: the Household Questionnaire, the Woman’s Questionnaire, the Man’s Questionnaire, the Biomarker Questionnaire, and the Health Facility Questionnaire. These questionnaires, based on the DHS Program’s standard Demographic and Health Survey questionnaires, were adapted to reflect the population and health issues relevant to Ethiopia. Input was solicited from various stakeholders representing government ministries and agencies, nongovernmental organisations, and international donors. After all questionnaires were finalised in English, they were translated into Amarigna, Tigrigna, and Oromiffa.

The Household Questionnaire was used to list all members of and visitors to selected households. Basic demographic information was collected on the characteristics of each person listed, including his or her age, sex, marital status, education, and relationship to the head of the household. For children under age 18, parents’ survival status was determined. The data on age and sex of household members obtained in the Household Questionnaire were used to identify women and men who were eligible for individual interviews. The Household Questionnaire also collected information on characteristics of the household’s dwelling unit, such as source of water, type of toilet facilities, and flooring materials, as well as on ownership of various durable goods. The Household Questionnaire included an additional module developed by the DHS Program to estimate the prevalence of injuries/accidents among all household members.

The Woman’s Questionnaire was used to collect information from all eligible women age 15-49. These women were asked questions on the following topics: - Background characteristics (including age, education, and media exposure) - Birth history and childhood mortality - Family planning, including knowledge, use, and sources of contraceptive methods - Fertility preferences - Antenatal, delivery, and postnatal care - Breastfeeding and infant feeding practices - Vaccinations and childhood illnesses - Women’s work and husbands’ background characteristics - Knowledge, awareness, and behaviour regarding HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) - Knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours related to other health issues (e.g., injections, smoking, use of chat) - Adult and maternal mortality - Female genital mutilation or cutting - Fistula - Violence against women The Man’s Questionnaire was administered to all eligible men age 15-59. This questionnaire collected much of the same information elicited from the Woman’s Questionnaire but was shorter because it did not contain a detailed reproductive history, questions on maternal and child health, or questions on domestic violence. The Biomarker Questionnaire was used to record biomarker data

Abstract

The Household Consumption and Expenditure (HCE) survey is administered by the Central Statistical Agency every five years, most recently in 2010/11. The core objective of the HCE survey is to provide data that enable to understand the income dimension of poverty and the major objectives are to: • Assess the level, extent and distribution of income dimension of poverty. • Provide data on the levels, distribution and pattern of household expenditure that will be used for analysis of changes in the households' living standard level over time in various socio-economic groups and geographical areas. • Provide basic data that enables to design, monitor and evaluate the impact of socio- economic policies and programs on households/individuals living standard. • Furnish series of data for assessing poverty situations, in general, and food security, in particular. • Provide data for compiling household accounts in the system of national accounts, especially in the estimation of private consumption expenditure. • Obtain weights and other useful information for the construction and /or rebasing of consumer price indices at various levels and geographical areas.

Geographic coverage

The 2010/11 HCE survey covered all rural and urban areas of the country except the non-sedentary populations in Afar (three zones) and Somali (six zones).

Analysis unit

• Household
• Individual
• Consumption expenditure items

Universe

The survey covered households in the selected samples except residents of collective quarters, homeless persons and foreigners.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

Sampling Frame The 2007 Population and Housing Census served as the sampling frame from which the rural and urban EAs were selected. A fresh list of households for each selected EA was collected at the beginning of the survey period. Households were then selected for inclusion in the survey by choosing a random number as the starting point in the list and selecting every nth household (n being the necessary number to achieve the desired number of households in each EA).

Sample Design & Selection In order to produce a representative sample, the country was stratified into the following four categories: rural, major urban centers, medium towns, and small towns.

a. Category I - Rural This category consists of the rural areas of 68 zones and special weredas, which are considered zones, in 9 regions of the country. This category also includes the rural areas of the Dire Dawa City Administration. A stratified two-stage cluster sample design was used, with the primary sampling unit being the EAs. Sample EAs were selected using Probability Proportional to Size, with size being the number of households identified in the 2007 Population and Housing Census. Twelve households were randomly selected from each sample rural EA for survey administration. The total sample for this category is 864 EAs and 10,368 households.

b. Category II - Major Urban Centers This category includes all regional capitals as well as five additional major urban centers with large populations, for a total of 15 major urban centers. These 15 urban centers were broken down into the 14 regional capitals and the 10 sub-cities of Addis Ababa City Administration resulting in a total of 24 represented urban domains. A stratified two-stage sample design was also used for this category as in the rural sample with EAs as the primary sampling unit. For this category, however, 16 households were randomly selected in each EA. In total, 576 EAs and 9,216 households were selected for this category.

c. Categories III & IV - Other Urban Centers These two categories capture other urban areas not included in Category II. A domain of other urban centers was formed from 8 regions (all except Harari, Addis Ababa, and Dire Dawa where all urban centers are included in Category II). Unlike the other categories, a three-stage sample design was used. However, sampling was still conducted using probability proportionate to size. The urban centers were the primary sampling units and the EAs were secondary sampling units. Sixteen households were randomly selected from each of the selected EAs. A total sample of 112 urban centers, 528 EAs, and 8,448 households were selected for these two categories.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

A hard copy (Paper print) booklet type questioner has been used for data collection. The design of the questionnaire has structured/organized into five main parts (forms).

The main components of the survey questionnaire are: Form 0: is used together basic household information that could help to assess the general livelihood nature of a household and its members, such as: source of household income, status and scope of agriculture engagement (diversity and specialization), safety net/asset accumulation participation, participation in micro and small scale business enterprise, accessibility and/or credit facility status from micro-finance institution, …etc.,

Form 1: has been used to collect data on demographic characteristics and economic activity of household members, such as: age, sex, marital status, education, income contribution status, economic activity and other related variables.

Form 2 (2A & 2B): is used to collect actual consumption (quantity consumed) and equivalent expenditure of food, beverages and tobacco items, that would have been actually consumed by the household (members of the household) within the reference period of the survey. Note that the first three consecutive day's consumption being collected in Form 2A and 2B is used to collect the second phase (consecutive 4 days) of the survey week.

Form 3 (3A, 3B & 3C): Household consumption and expenditure data on non-durable goods and frequent services has been collected using three segments of form 3. Of which 3A and 3B are designed to handle three and four day's data, respectively; while 3C has been used to capture a full month reference data.

Form 4 (4A-4E): Household expenditure data of durable goods and Less-Frequent services was administered in form 4. In order to facilitate a systematic way of data collection approach, these goods and services are grouped into classes and data were collected using five chapters of the main module in such a way that expenditure data on: • Clothing and footwear was collected in 4A; • Dwelling rent, water, fuel and energy, furniture's & furnishing, household equipment and operation were collected by use of form 4B; • Health, transport and communication goods and services has been collected in form 4C; • Education, recreation, entertainment, cultural and sport goods and services were collected by the use of 4D; and • Personal goods and services, financial services, and others including operational cost of production with respect to unincorporated household economic enterprises;

Dairy book: Consumption expenditure of food and beverages data are collected, at first on daily basis, by listing every consumed item by the household (every household member) in each day in a dairy book, to facilitate exhaustiveness of consumption. And, then a summary of attributes are transferred to the main questionnaire.

Measuring tools: Kitchen balance (digital type in urban and analog type in rural areas) and measuring type are used for consumption/quantity data collection.

Cleaning operations

Data Processing All data processing was undertaken at the head office. Completed questionnaires were returned to the CSA data processing department from the field periodically. Data processing activities included cleaning, coding, and verifying data as well as checking for consistency. These activities were carried out on a quarterly basis after entering three months of data. Further processing, including the estimation of sampling weights, was carried out at the close of data entry.

Data Entry and Coding Manual editing and coding of data began as early as August 2010, when the first round of completed questionnaires was received at the head office. A team of 21 editors, 5 verifiers, and 4 supervisors carried out these activities. Subject matter experts provided a 5-day intensive training for this team to equip them with the necessary skills. Additionally, a team of 12 encoders was trained to enter the data. A double-entry system was used, wherein two separate encoders manually entered each survey. Any discrepancies between the two entries were flagged automatically and the physical survey was reviewed to correct the errors. Data entry was completed in October 2011.

Data Validation and Cleaning Data validation and cleaning was carried out by subject matter experts and data programmers. Systematic validity checks were completed at the commodity, household and visit levels. Activities related to consistency, validity, and completeness included the following: a. Imputation of missing observations on consumption goods (in quantity or value) using the market price survey that was collected at the time of the HCE. b. Validity and consistency of quantity and value of consumption items was checked by comparing the figures across both household visits (using the household-provided prices and/or the market price survey). c. Estimation of the value of consumption of own production using the household-provided quantities and market survey prices. d. Comparison of household expenditure on durable goods using different recall periods (i.e., 3 and 12 months). After analyzing the annualized values using each reference period, it was decided to use whichever period resulted in the largest expenditure, which was often the

Abstract

The main objective of the Welfare Monitoring Survey is to provide data that enable to understand the non-income aspects of poverty and has the following specific objectives: 1.To assess the level, extent and distribution of non-income poverty; 2. To assess the quality of life of households/individuals; 3. To provide basic data that enables design, monitor and evaluate the impact of socioeconomic policies and programs on household's /individual's living standard; 4. To provide basic indicators on household's and individual's living standard with respect to basic needs including: Education, Health, Child Care and breast feeding, access to and utilization of basic facilities, Housing and housing amenities (drinking water, sanitation, energy, etc.), Household assets, selected indicators of living standard, harmful traditional practices and basic population characteristics.

Geographic coverage

The 2011 Welfare Monitoring Survey covered all rural and urban areas of the country except the non-sedentary areas in Afar and Somali Regional States. Excluded are three zones of Afar and six zones of Somali Regions.

Analysis unit

• Households
• Individuals (including adult women aged 15 and above, children aged 5 and below)

Universe

The 2010 Welfare Monitoring Survey covered all rural and urban areas of the country except the non-sedentary areas in Afar and Somali Regional States. Excluded are three zones of Afar and six zones of Somali Regions.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

Sampling Frame The list of all households obtained from the 2007 Population and Housing Census was used as a frame to select the sample EAs in the rural and urban areas of the country. The frame from which sample households were selected was based on a fresh list of households taken at the beginning of the survey period in each of the selected EAs.

Sample Design For the purpose of representative sample selection the country was divided into four broad categories including rural category, major urban centers category medium and small size town’s category.

Category I - Rural: This category consists of the rural areas of 68 zones and special weredas, which are considered as zones, in 8 regions of the country. This category also includes the rural part of both Harari region and Dire Dawa City Administration. The rural part of each Region including Harari and Dire Dawa City Administration were considered to be a survey domain (i.e. reporting level) for which the major findings of the survey are reported. This category totally comprises 10 reporting levels. A stratified two-stage cluster sample design in which the primary sampling units (PSUs) were EAs was used to select samples. Twelve households per sample EA were selected as a second Stage Sampling Unit (SSU) to which survey questionnaire were finally administered to the members of sampled households.

Category II - Major Urban Centers: In this category all regional capitals and five other major urban centers that have relatively larger population size (totally 15 urban centers) were included. Each of the 14 urban center and 10 Sub cities of Addis Ababa administration a total of 24 urban domains are taken us a reporting level. In this category too, a stratified two stage cluster sample design was adopted to select the primary sampling units (the EAs). Sixteen households from each of the primary sampling units (EAs) in each reporting level were then selected as a Second Stage Unit (SSU).

Category III & IV - Other Urban Centers: Urban centers in the country other than those under category II were grouped under these categories. A domain of other urban centers is formed for eight regions (excluding Harari, Addis Ababa and Dire Dawa administration). There is no domain in category III & IV for Harari, Addis Ababa and Dire Dawa administration as they do not have urban centers other than those grouped under category II. Unlike the above two categories, a stratified three stage cluster sample design was adopted to select samples from these categories. The primary sampling unit was urban centers and the second stage sampling unit was EAs. Sixteen households from each of the selected EAs were finally selected as a third stage sampling unit.

Sample Size and Selection Scheme Category I: A total of 864 EAs and 10,368 households were selected from this category. Sample EAs of each reporting level were selected using Probability Proportional to Size (PPS) with systematic sampling techniques; size being number of households obtained from the 2007 Population and Housing Census. Twelve households per EA were systematically selected from the fresh list of households prepared at the beginning of the survey.

Category II: In this category 576 EAs and 9,216 households were selected. Sample EAs from each reporting level in this category were also selected using probability proportional to size with systematic sampling techniques; size being number of households obtained from the 2007 Population and Housing Census. Sixteen households in each of the selected EAs were systematically selected from the fresh list of households prepared at the beginning of the survey.

Category III & IV: One hundred twelve urban centers, 528 EAs and 8,448 households were selected in these two categories. Urban centers from each domain as well as EAs in each urban center were selected systematically using probability proportional to size; size being the number of households obtained from the 2007 Population and Housing Census. Sixteen households in each of the selected EAs ultimately were systematically selected from the fresh list of households prepared at the beginning of the survey. In total, including region rural, region urban and country domains, a total of 66 reporting levels were formed under this design. Annex I provides estimation procedures of total, ratio and sampling errors, annex II provides the standard errors and CVs of selected variables , annex III distribution of planned and covered samples by region and annex IV the questionnaire in English version respectively.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The survey questionnaire contains 9 forms which are mentioned in detail as follows: - Form 1: Demographic Characteristics and Economic Activity: In the first section of this form, demographic characteristics of the household members such as relationship to the head of household, sex, age and religion were asked from all members of the household. The second section deals with the current economic activities of the household members aged 10 years and above. Furthermore, this section also deals, whether a person is engaged in productive activity during the last seven days prior to the date of interview. In this part of the questionnaire, if the person is not engaged in any of productive activity, during the last seven days, the main reason for not engaging in productive activity was also asked. Moreover, the employment status, the occupation and industry for the main jobs were also collected from persons that were engaged in the economic activity or from those who were absent from work/temporarily lay off for that week.

Form 2: Education: It consists among others, school attendance, dropout, reason for dropout, and literacy status were asked from all members of the household aged 5 years and above.

Form 3: Health: In the first section of this form, health conditions of all members of the household during the last two months were collected. In the second section of the form, health information of the last 12 months was also collected to all members of the household.

Form 4: Child Care and Breast Feeding: Data on birth history and breast feeding of children under age of five years were collected in this form.

Form 5: Housing Standard and Amenities: In this form, the selected households were asked about their housing and kitchen standard, sanitation, drinking water, fuel and power facilities at the time of the survey, 12 months and 5 years before the survey.

Form 6: Household’s Living Condition Indicators: Consists of four main sections namely; food security indicators, status of crop production, source of income and major shocks affecting the households.

Form 7: Access, Utilization and Satisfaction of Basic Facilities/Services: This form is used to collect data from the households like distance to service facilities and extent of utilization of the facilities, reason for not using the closest service facility and question on access, utilization and satisfaction of basic facilities.

Form 8: Ownership of Land, Dwellings and Other Buildings: This form was administered at household level and consists of four main sections namely: dwelling and land ownership status, utilization of land not owned by the household and about fixed assets owned by the household.

Form 9: Harmful traditional practice: This form is used to collect data for children aged 0-14 years about their harmful traditional practice such as, circumcision, cut of his/ her uvula and for ages less than two years particularly about childhood tooth

Cleaning operations

The data processing activities were undertaken at the head office. The first stage of data processing activity was training of data editors and coders which were held at the head office by subject matter Directorate staffs. About 70 editors/coders were engaged in the manual editing and coding activities which lasted for about 60 days. Data entry took about 37 days using 125 computers and about 100 data encoders. Machine data cleaning, estimation with proper sampling weights and tabulation activities were carried out procedurally by the

Abstract

Ethiopia is believed to have the largest livestock population in Africa. This livestock sector has been contributing considerable portion to the economy of the country, and still promising to rally round the economic development of the country. It is eminent that livestock products and by-products in the form of meat, milk, honey, eggs, cheese, and butter supply etc. provide the needed animal protein that contribute to the improvement of the nutritional status of the people. Livestock also plays an important role in providing export commodities, such as live animals, hides, and skins to earn foreign exchanges to the country. On the other hand, draught animals provide power for the cultivation of the smallholdings and for crop threshing virtually all over the country and are also essential modes of transport to take holders and their families long-distances, to convey their agricultural products to the market places and bring back their domestic necessities. Livestock as well confer a certain degree of security in times of crop failure, as they are a “near-cash” capital stock. Furthermore, livestock provides farmyard manure that is commonly applied to improve soil fertility and also used as a source of energy such as dung cake as a fuel for fires and as a bio-gas energy. Most rural households are also used manure to make plaster for walls and floors.

Due to the very important role that the livestock sector plays in the economy of the country, formulation of development plan regarding the sector is indispensable. It is therefore imperative that livestock development plans should be formulated on the basis of reliable statistical data, and hence, timely and accurate livestock data are required for the formulation, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation of development plan and program in the sector. These livestock data can be generated usually using surveys and censuses. In this regard, subsequent surveys and a solitary agricultural census have been carried out by the Central Statistical Agency (CSA) to make available data on livestock though they were not comprehensive. The 2011/12 Annual Agricultural Sample Survey was also conducted to produce these same data so as to keep hold of continuity and update users in general.

The general objective of the livestock survey is to produce data that could be used for development planning and policy formulation regarding the sector, and the specific objectives are to provide quantitative information on the size and characteristics of livestock in rural sedentary areas at zonal level. In order to meet these objectives, data on: livestock number by type, age, sex, purpose and breed; livestock products particularly milk, egg, and honey; livestock diseases and vaccination; and animal feed were collected from sampled agricultural households in rural sedentary areas.

Geographic coverage

The 2011/12 (2004 E.C.) Annual Livestock Sample Survey covered the rural agricultural population in all the regions of the country except the non-sedentary population of three zones of Afar and six zones of Somali regions.

Analysis unit

• Agricultural households
• Holders
• Livestocks

Universe

Households, who were engaged in growing crops and/or breeding and raising livestocks in private or in partnership with others in the selected sample.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

Sampling Frame The list containing EAs of all regions and their respective agricultural households obtained from the 2007 (1999 E.C). Population and Housing Census Frame was used as the sampling frame in order to select EAs (Primary Sampling Units). Consequently, all sample EAs were selected from this frame based on the design proposed for the survey. Second stage sampling units households, on the other hand, were selected from a fresh list of households that were prepared for each EA at the beginning of the survey.

Sample Design A two stage stratified cluster sample design was used to select the sample in which the clusters or primary sampling units (PSUs) were enumeration areas and second stage sampling units were agricultural households. Each zones/special wereda of the four regions (Tigray, Amahara, Oromiya and SNNP) was further stratified in to three agro-ecologies (Kolla, Dega and Weyina Dega). Except Harari and Dire Dawa, where each region as a whole is considered to be the domain of estimation, every zone/special wereda in each region was taken as a stratum for which major findings of the survey are reported.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The 2011-2012 Livestock Sample Survey used structured questionnaire to collect data on livestock and livestock characteristics. The questionnaire is organized in to two parts: - Part 1: Identification particulars: This part contains area identification of the selected household. It dealt with area identification of respondents such as Region, Zone, wereda, Farmer's association, Enumeration area household number, holder number, and type of holding. - Part 2: Livestock population and products: This part of the questionnaire dealt with number of cattle, sheep, goats, horses, mules, donkeys, camels by age and purposes; poultry, honey production per beehive, milk and egg; livestock diseases and treatments; number of births, purchases, sales, slaughters, and deaths of livestock; livestock diseases, treatment and vaccination ; and livestock feeds utilization.

Cleaning operations

Editing, Coding, and Verification The editing and coding instruction manuals were prepared, and intensive training was given to the editor-coders. Those trained editors-coders were accomplished the editing and coding tasks. In due course, professional staff members were assigned to facilitate the editing and coding activities and the edited and coded questionnaires were verified by statistical technicians as well as by professionals.

Data Entry, Cleaning, and Processing The data were entered in personal computers by data encoders using CSpro (Census and survey Processing system) software. Then the data were checked and cleaned by regular staff members. Finally, the data processing activity was also done by personal computers (PCs) to produce results that were indicated in the tabulation plan.

Response rate

A total of 2,280 enumeration areas (EAs) were selected. However, due to various reasons that are beyond control, in 7 EAs the survey could not be successful and hence interrupted. Thus, all in all the survey succeeded to cover 2,273 EAs (99.69%) throughout the regions. The Livestock Sample Survey was conducted on the basis of 30 agricultural households selected from each EA. Regarding the ultimate sampling units, it was intended to cover a total of 68,400 agricultural households, however, 67,767 (99.07%) were actually covered by the survey.

Sampling error estimates

Estimation procedure of totals, ratios & sampling error, and the measurement of precision of estimates (CV) are given in Appendix-I of the 2011-2012 Livestock Sample Survey report which is provided with this metadata.

Ethiopia ET: Educational Attainment: At Least Completed Primary: Population 25+ Years: Total: % Cumulative data was reported at 24.631 % in 2011. This records a decrease from the previous number of 25.412 % for 2007. Ethiopia ET: Educational Attainment: At Least Completed Primary: Population 25+ Years: Total: % Cumulative data is updated yearly, averaging 25.022 % from Dec 2007 (Median) to 2011, with 2 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 25.412 % in 2007 and a record low of 24.631 % in 2011. Ethiopia ET: Educational Attainment: At Least Completed Primary: Population 25+ Years: Total: % Cumulative data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Ethiopia – Table ET.World Bank: Education Statistics. The percentage of population ages 25 and over that attained or completed primary education.; ; UNESCO Institute for Statistics; ;

Abstract

Statistical information on all aspects of the population is vital for the design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of economic and social development plan and policy issues. Labour force survey is one of the most important sources of data for assessing the role of the population of the country in the economic and social development process. It is useful to indicate the extent of available and unutilized human resources that must be absorbed by the national economy to ensure full employment and economic well being of the population. Statistics on the labour force further present the measurement of economic activity status and its relationship to other social and economic characteristics of the population. Seasonal and other variations as well as changes over time in the size and characteristics of employed and unemployed populations that can be monitored using up-to-date information from labour force surveys. It serves as an input for assessing the meeting of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Furthermore, labour force datais also used as a springboard for monitoring and evaluation of the five years growth and transformation plan of a country.

Despite the significance of the labopur force data, the availability of reliable and timely labour force data were inadequate. The lack of reliable and timely data on different aspects of the population hinders the monitoring and evaluation of changes of developmental activities.

In order to fill the gap in data requirement for the purpose of socio-economic development planning, monitoring and evaluation, the Central Statistical Agency (CSA) has been providing labour force and related data at different levels with various contents and details. These include the 1976 Addis Ababa Manpower and Housing Sample Survey, the 1978 Survey on Population and Housing Characteristics of Seventeen Major Towns, the 1980/81 and 1987/88 Rural Labour Force Surveys (RLFS). Also, the 1984, 1994 and 2007 Population and Housing Censuses and the 1999 and 2005 National Labour Force Surveys provided a comprehensive national labour force data representing both urban and rural areas.

The survey results mainly provide data on the main characteristics of employed and unemployed population, that is, the work force engaged or available to be engaged in the production of economic goods and services and its distribution in the various sectors of the economy during a given reference period.

In addition, data on economic activities of children were also collected to measure child labour in urban areas. For this purpose, the former minimum age limit 10 years was lower down to 5 years since May 2009. Therefore, the data in this survey were collected from those persons aged five years and over. However, for the purpose of measuring the economic activity status based on Ethiopian situation, the lower age limit was fixed in to ten years. This is because children in rural and urban areas used to work at their early age such as collection of fire wood, looking after cattle, shoeshine, street vendor, petty trading…etc. Thus, the May 2011 Urban Employment and Unemployment Survey statistical report is mainly aimed at provide information on the economic characteristics of the population aged ten years and over.

Furthermore, the 2011 UEUS provide data on employment on the informal sector, their spatial distribution and problem in the sector.

Geographic coverage

The 2011 Urban Employment and Unemployment Survey (UEUS) covered all urban parts of the country except three zones of Afar, Six zones of Somali, where the residents are pastoralists.

Analysis unit

• Household
• Individual aged 10 years and above

Universe

The survey follows household approach and covers households residing in conventional households and thus, population residing in the collective quarters such as universities/colleges, hotel/hostel, monasteries and homeless population etc., are not covered by this survey.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

SAMPLING FRAME The list of households obtained from the 2007 population and housing census is used to select EAs. A fresh list of households from each EA was prepared at the beginning of the survey period. The list was then used as a frame in order to select 30 households from sample EAs.

SAMPLE DESIGN For the purpose of the survey the country was divided into two broad categories. That is major urban center and other urban center categories. Category I:- Major urban centers:- In this category all regional capitals and five other major urban centers that have a high population size as compared to others were included. Each urban center in this category was considered as a reporting level. The category has a total of 16 reporting levels. In this category, in order to select the sample, a stratified two-stage cluster sample design was implemented. The primary sampling units were EAs of each reporting level. From each sample EA 30 households were then selected as a Second Stage Unit (SSU).

Category II:- Other urban centers: Urban centers in the country other than those under category I were grouped into this category. A domain of other urban centers is formed for each region. Consequently 8 reporting levels were formed in this category. Harari, Addis Ababa and Dire Dawa do not have urban centers other than that grouped in category I. Hence, no domain was formed for these regions under this category.

A stratified three stage cluster sample design was also adopted to select samples from this category. The primary sampling units were urban centers and the second stage sampling units were EAs. From each EA 30 households were selected at the third stage and the survey questionnaires administered for all of them.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The survey questionnaire is organized into six sections; Section - 1: Area identification of the selected household: this section deals with area identification of respondents such as region, zone, wereda, etc. Section - 2: Particulars of household members: it consists of the general socio-demographic characteristics of the population such as age, sex, educational status, types of training and marital status. Section - 3: Economic activity during the last seven days: this section deal with whether persons were engaged in productive activities or not during the last seven days prior to date of interview, the status and characteristics of employed persons such as occupation, industry, employment status, hours of work, employment sector /formal and informal employment/ and earnings from paid employment. Section - 4: Unemployment rate and characteristics of unemployed persons: this section focuses on the size, distribution and characteristics of the unemployed population and unemployment rate only for those aged 10 years and over. Section - 5: Economic activity during the last six months: this section contains information on the economic activity status of the population in the long reference period or during the last six months.
Section - 6: Economic activity of children aged 5-17 years: this section consists of information on the participation of children aged 5-17 years in the economic activities, whether attending education, reason for not attending education…etc.

Cleaning operations

The filled-in questionnaires that were retrieved from the field were first subjected to manual editing and coding. During the fieldwork the field supervisors and the heads of branch statistical offices have checked the filled-in questionnaires and carried out some editing. However, the major editing and coding operation was carried out at the head office. All the edited questionnaires were again fully verified and checked for consistency before they were submitted to the data entry by the subject matter experts.

Using the computer edit specifications prepared earlier for this purpose, the entered data were checked for consistencies and then computer editing or data cleaning was made by referring back to the filled-in questionnaire. This is an important part of data processing operation in attaining the required level of data quality. Consistency checks and re-checks were also made based on frequency and tabulation results. This was done by senior programmers using CSPro software in collaboration with the senior subject experts from Manpower Statistics Team of the CSA.

Response rate

It was initially planned to cover 660 EAs and 19,800 households in the survey, but ultimately 100% of EAs and 99.68% of households were successfully covered.

Ethiopia ET: Women Who were First Married by Age 18: % of Women Aged 20-24 data was reported at 40.300 % in 2016. This records a decrease from the previous number of 41.200 % for 2011. Ethiopia ET: Women Who were First Married by Age 18: % of Women Aged 20-24 data is updated yearly, averaging 45.150 % from Dec 2000 (Median) to 2016, with 4 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 49.200 % in 2005 and a record low of 40.300 % in 2016. Ethiopia ET: Women Who were First Married by Age 18: % of Women Aged 20-24 data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Ethiopia – Table ET.World Bank: Population and Urbanization Statistics. Women who were first married by age 18 refers to the percentage of women ages 20-24 who were first married by age 18.; ; Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS), Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS), AIDS Indicator Surveys(AIS), Reproductive Health Survey(RHS), and other household surveys.; ;

Ethiopia ET: Condom Use: Population Aged 15-24: Female: % of Females Aged 15-24 data was reported at 3.100 % in 2011. This records an increase from the previous number of 1.800 % for 2005. Ethiopia ET: Condom Use: Population Aged 15-24: Female: % of Females Aged 15-24 data is updated yearly, averaging 1.800 % from Dec 2000 (Median) to 2011, with 3 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 3.100 % in 2011 and a record low of 1.500 % in 2000. Ethiopia ET: Condom Use: Population Aged 15-24: Female: % of Females Aged 15-24 data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Ethiopia – Table ET.World Bank.WDI: Health Statistics. Condom use, female is the percentage of the female population ages 15-24 who used a condom at last intercourse in the last 12 months.; ; Demographic and Health Surveys, and UNAIDS.; Weighted average;

Ethiopia ET: Net Intake Rate in Grade 1: % of Official School-Age Population data was reported at 79.084 % in 2015. This records an increase from the previous number of 77.211 % for 2011. Ethiopia ET: Net Intake Rate in Grade 1: % of Official School-Age Population data is updated yearly, averaging 62.170 % from Dec 1999 (Median) to 2015, with 8 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 79.084 % in 2015 and a record low of 21.295 % in 1999. Ethiopia ET: Net Intake Rate in Grade 1: % of Official School-Age Population data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Ethiopia – Table ET.World Bank.WDI: Education Statistics. Net intake rate in grade 1 is the number of new entrants in the first grade of primary education who are of official primary school entrance age, expressed as a percentage of the population of the corresponding age.; ; UNESCO Institute for Statistics; Weighted average; Each economy is classified based on the classification of World Bank Group's fiscal year 2018 (July 1, 2017-June 30, 2018).

Abstract

The objectives of the 2010/11 (2003 E.C.), Belg Season Crop Production Sample Survey is to produce basic quantitative information on cropland area, production and yield of major Belg season crops, as well as to provide quantitative information on the extent and use of different farm management practices on belg season crops such as fertilized crop land area and quantity of fertilizer used by crop and fertilizer type, irrigated crop land area, area under improved seed, pesticide treated cropland area, etc.

The adequate and timely supply of this information to ultimate users is therefore, important for use as a primary input in the process of policy formulation, designing developmental agricultural projects and programmes. This report, therefore, presents quantitative information on the above-mentioned major variables at country and regional levels.

Geographic coverage

The 2010/11 (2003 E.C.) Annual Agricultural Sample Survey (Belg season) covered the entire rural parts of the country except the non-sedentary population of three zones of Afar & six zones of Somali regions. Accordingly the survey took in to account of all parts of Harari, Dire Dawa, and actually 59 Zones / Special weredas (that are treated as zones) of other regions.

Analysis unit

Household, holder, crop

Universe

Agricultural households from the sampled areas

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

SAMPLING FRAME
The list containing EAs of all regions and their respective households obtained from the 2007 Population and housing Census Frame was used as the sampling frame in order to select the Primary Sampling Units (EAs). Consequently, all sample EAs were selected from this frame based on the design proposed for the survey. The second stage sampling units, households, were selected from a fresh list of households that were prepared for each EA at the beginning of the survey

SAMPLE DESIGN In order to select the sample a stratified two-stage cluster sample design was implemented. Enumeration areas (EAs) were taken to be the primary sampling units (PSUs) and the Secondary Sampling Units (SSUs) were agricultural households. The sample size for the 2010/11agricultural sample survey was determined by taking into account of both the required level of precision for the most important estimates within each domain and the amount of resources allocated to the survey. In order to reduce non-sampling errors, manageability of the survey in terms of quality and operational control was also considered. Except Harari, and Dire Dawa, where each region as a whole was taken to be the domain of estimation; each zone of a region / special wereda was adopted as a stratum for which major findings of the survey are reported.

SELECTION SCHEME Enumeration areas from each stratum were selected systematically using probability proportional to size sampling technique; size being number of agricultural households. The sizes for EAs were obtained from the 2007 Population and Housing census frame. From the fresh list of households prepared at the beginning of the survey 30 agricultural households within each sample EA were selected systematically. Estimation procedure of totals, ratios, sampling error and the measurement of precision of estimates (CV) are given in Appendix-I and II respectively. Distribution of sampling units (sampled and covered EAs and households) by stratum is also presented in Appendix-III.

Sampling deviation

To be covered by the survey, a total of around 2110 Enumeration Areas (EAs) were selected. However, due to some EAs weren't growing Belg season crops, in 934 EAs the survey could not be successful and hence interrupted. Thus, all in all the survey succeeded to cover 1176 EAs throughout the regions.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The 2010-2011 annual Agricultural Bleg Sample Survey used structured questionnaires to collect agricultural information from selected sample households. List of forms in the questionnaires: . - Form CPSS 2002/8: contains list of fields under mixed crops (including vegetables and root crops). - Form CPSS 2002/3A: assessment of Belg season crop conditions. - Form CPSS 2002/3B: assessment of crop condition. - Form CPSS 2002/3C: assessment of crop condition.

Cleaning operations

Editing, Coding and Verification To insure the quality of the collected survey data an editing, coding, and verification instruction manual was written, and 17 editors, data coders and verifiers were trained for one day to edit, code and verify the data using the aforementioned manual as a reference and teaching aid. The enumerator completed edited and coded questionnaires sent to the head office were thoroughly verified by trained verifiers on a 100% basis before the questionnaires were sent to the data entry unit. The editing, coding, verification and manual cleaning of all questionnaires was completed in 15 days.

Sampling error estimates

Estimation procedure of totals, ratios, sampling error and the measurement of precision of estimates (CV) are given in Appendix-I and II of the report which is provided in the metadata.

Ethiopia ET: Net Intake Rate in Grade 1: Female: % of Official School-Age Population data was reported at 76.169 % in 2015. This records an increase from the previous number of 74.501 % for 2011. Ethiopia ET: Net Intake Rate in Grade 1: Female: % of Official School-Age Population data is updated yearly, averaging 60.291 % from Dec 1999 (Median) to 2015, with 8 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 76.169 % in 2015 and a record low of 19.070 % in 1999. Ethiopia ET: Net Intake Rate in Grade 1: Female: % of Official School-Age Population data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Ethiopia – Table ET.World Bank: Education Statistics. Net intake rate in grade 1 is the number of new entrants in the first grade of primary education who are of official primary school entrance age, expressed as a percentage of the population of the corresponding age.; ; UNESCO Institute for Statistics; Weighted average; Each economy is classified based on the classification of World Bank Group's fiscal year 2018 (July 1, 2017-June 30, 2018).

Ethiopia ET: Hospital Beds: per 1000 People data was reported at 6.300 Number in 2011. This records an increase from the previous number of 0.200 Number for 2008. Ethiopia ET: Hospital Beds: per 1000 People data is updated yearly, averaging 0.285 Number from Dec 1960 (Median) to 2011, with 9 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 6.300 Number in 2011 and a record low of 0.200 Number in 2008. Ethiopia ET: Hospital Beds: per 1000 People data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Ethiopia – Table ET.World Bank.WDI: Health Statistics. Hospital beds include inpatient beds available in public, private, general, and specialized hospitals and rehabilitation centers. In most cases beds for both acute and chronic care are included.; ; Data are from the World Health Organization, supplemented by country data.; Weighted average;

Ethiopia ET: Number of Surgical Procedures: per 100,000 population data was reported at 43.000 Number in 2011. Ethiopia ET: Number of Surgical Procedures: per 100,000 population data is updated yearly, averaging 43.000 Number from Dec 2011 (Median) to 2011, with 1 observations. Ethiopia ET: Number of Surgical Procedures: per 100,000 population data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Ethiopia – Table ET.World Bank: Health Statistics. The number of procedures undertaken in an operating theatre per 100,000 population per year in each country. A procedure is defined as the incision, excision, or manipulation of tissue that needs regional or general anaesthesia, or profound sedation to control pain.; ; The Lancet Commission on Global Surgery (www.lancetglobalsurgery.org).; Weighted Average;

Ethiopia ET: ARI Treatment: % of Children Under 5 Taken to a Health Provider data was reported at 31.300 % in 2016. This records an increase from the previous number of 27.000 % for 2011. Ethiopia ET: ARI Treatment: % of Children Under 5 Taken to a Health Provider data is updated yearly, averaging 23.000 % from Dec 2000 (Median) to 2016, with 4 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 31.300 % in 2016 and a record low of 16.000 % in 2000. Ethiopia ET: ARI Treatment: % of Children Under 5 Taken to a Health Provider data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Ethiopia – Table ET.World Bank.WDI: Health Statistics. Children with acute respiratory infection (ARI) who are taken to a health provider refers to the percentage of children under age five with ARI in the last two weeks who were taken to an appropriate health provider, including hospital, health center, dispensary, village health worker, clinic, and private physician.; ; UNICEF, State of the World's Children, Childinfo, and Demographic and Health Surveys.; Weighted average;