In 2023, the population density of Bangkok was around 3,488 people per square kilometer, lower than the previous year, which was over 3,500 people per square kilometer. This value has slightly decreased over the past few years.

In 2023, Bangkok had the highest population density of all provinces in Thailand, with almost 3,500 people per square kilometer. Nonthaburi followed second, with a population density of around 2,100 people per square kilometer.

In 2024, the population density of Singapore was 8,207 people per square kilometers. The population of Singapore had been increasing over the years within a very limited space, posing challenges such as housing shortages and land scarcity. Limited land, expanding population With an urban population of around 5.69 million people in 2020 and a land area of approximately 720 square kilometers, Singapore was the third most densely populated territory in the world. This was not expected to ease in the near future, with the population of Singapore estimated to grow to 6.52 million people in 2035. While this might not come close to the population size of other Asian metropolises such as Tokyo or Bangkok, the lack of land available for development poses a great challenge to the island city-state. Since its independence in 1965, Singapore has increased its land area from 581.5 square kilometers to its current size through land reclamation. However, Singapore’s proximity to Malaysia and the Riau Islands in Indonesia effectively limit the available area for reclamation to its maritime borders. The importance of urban planning Urban planning in Singapore must therefore make effective use of what little land is available without compromising livability. Most residents live in apartments situated in high-rise buildings, with a large majority of the population living in public housing provided by the Housing Development Board. Rooftop gardens, tree-lined roads and green innovations such as vertical farming and “breathing walls” help soften the presence of all that glass and concrete, earning Singapore its moniker of “Garden City”. Whether and how well Singapore can sustain the quality of life that its residents are used to with an ever-increasing population density in the next twenty years is, however, to be seen.

In 2023, the average monthly income per household in Thailand was highest in Bangkok and the greater Bangkok area, which amounted to approximately ****** Thai baht. In that year, the average monthly income per household across Thailand was over ****** Thai baht. Bangkok is the main urban hub in Thailand, with the highest population density compared to other regions in the country.  Income inequality and the migration of workers within the country Income inequality in Thailand is among the highest in Southeast Asia, and particularly high in northeast Thailand. As a result of this factor, people are constantly moving to Bangkok and its vicinity, as well as the Eastern Region with its industries, for better job opportunities and higher wages. In 2023, the number of registered domestic migrations in the country amounted to almost *************. Despite the inequality of income in the country, Thailand has almost no unemployment at all. The employment rate in Thailand has remained steady in the past decade, with less than *** percent of the total population unemployed. Monthly household expenses in Thailand In recent years the disposable incomes of many Thai households have taken a hit. In 2023, the average monthly expenditure per household in Thailand was around ****** Thai baht per month. The monthly household expenditure varies across different regions, with Bangkok and the greater Bangkok area generally having higher expenses compared to other regions in the country. The largest portion of household expenditures are mainly used for food, followed by housing, transportation, and personal expenses. At the same time, Thailand’s household debt has been increasing constantly, reaching more than *********** Thai baht in 2023.