The Gridded Population of the World, Version 4 (GPWv4): Population Density, Revision 11 consists of estimates of human population density (number of persons per square kilometer) based on counts consistent with national censuses and population registers. A proportional allocation gridding algorithm, utilizing approximately 13.5 million national and sub-national administrative units, was used to assign population counts to 30 arc-second grid cells. The population density rasters were created by dividing the population count raster for a given target year by the land area raster. The data files were produced as global rasters at 30 arc-second (~1 km at the equator) resolution. To enable faster global processing, and in support of research communities, the 30 arc-second count data were aggregated to 2.5 arc-minute, 15 arc-minute, 30 arc-minute and 1-degree resolutions to produce density rasters at these resolutions.Source: Center for International Earth Science Information Network - CIESIN - Columbia University. 2018. Gridded Population of the World, Version 4 (GPWv4): Population Density, Revision 11. Palisades, New York: NASA Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC). Available at https://doi.org/10.7927/H49C6VHW. (October 2022)Files Download

In 2023, Washington, D.C. had the highest population density in the United States, with 11,130.69 people per square mile. As a whole, there were about 94.83 residents per square mile in the U.S., and Alaska was the state with the lowest population density, with 1.29 residents per square mile. The problem of population density Simply put, population density is the population of a country divided by the area of the country. While this can be an interesting measure of how many people live in a country and how large the country is, it does not account for the degree of urbanization, or the share of people who live in urban centers. For example, Russia is the largest country in the world and has a comparatively low population, so its population density is very low. However, much of the country is uninhabited, so cities in Russia are much more densely populated than the rest of the country. Urbanization in the United States While the United States is not very densely populated compared to other countries, its population density has increased significantly over the past few decades. The degree of urbanization has also increased, and well over half of the population lives in urban centers.

The average for 2021 based on 12 countries was 25 people per square km. The highest value was in Ecuador: 72 people per square km and the lowest value was in Guyana: 4 people per square km. The indicator is available from 1961 to 2021. Below is a chart for all countries where data are available.

Contained within the Atlas of Canada Poster Map Series, is a poster showing population density across Canada. There is a relief base to the map on top of which is shown all populated areas of Canada where the population density is great than 0.4 persons per square kilometer. This area is then divided into five colour classes of population density based on Statistics Canada's census divisions.

Our Population Density Grid Dataset for South America offers detailed, grid-based insights into the distribution of population across cities, towns, and rural areas. Free to explore and visualize, this dataset provides an invaluable resource for businesses and researchers looking to understand demographic patterns and optimize their location-based strategies.

By creating an account, you gain access to advanced tools for leveraging this data in geomarketing applications. Perfect for OOH advertising, retail planning, and more, our platform allows you to integrate population insights with your business intelligence, enabling you to make data-driven decisions for your marketing and expansion strategies.

As of 2021, Ecuador had a population density of 72 people per squared kilometer, the highest in South America. Colombia ranked second, with 42 people per km2 of land area. When it comes to total population in South America, Brazil had the largest number, with over 216 million inhabitants.

Prior to the arrival of European explorers in the Americas in 1492, it is estimated that the population of the continent was around sixty million people. Over the next two centuries, most scholars agree that the indigenous population fell to just ten percent of its pre-colonization level, primarily due to the Old World diseases (namely smallpox) brought to the New World by Europeans and African slaves, as well as through violence and famine.

Distribution

It is thought that the most densely populated region of the Americas was in the fertile Mexican valley, home to over one third of the entire continent, including several Mesoamerican civilizations such as the Aztec empire. While the mid-estimate shows a population of over 21 million before European arrival, one estimate suggests that there were just 730,000 people of indigenous descent in Mexico in 1620, just one hundred years after Cortes' arrival. Estimates also suggest that the Andes, home to the Incas, was the second most-populous region in the Americas, while North America (in this case, the region north of the Rio Grande river) may have been the most sparsely populated region. There is some contention as to the size of the pre-Columbian populations in the Caribbean, as the mass genocides, forced relocation, and pandemics that followed in the early stages of Spanish colonization make it difficult to predict these numbers.

Varying estimates Estimating the indigenous populations of the Americas has proven to be a challenge and point of contention for modern historians. Totals from reputable sources range from 8.4 million people to 112.55 million, and while both of these totals were published in the 1930s and 1960s respectively, their continued citation proves the ambiguity surrounding this topic. European settlers' records from the 15th to 17th centuries have also created challenges, due to their unrealistic population predictions and inaccurate methodologies (for example, many early settlers only counted the number of warriors in each civilization). Nonetheless, most modern historians use figures close to those given in the "Middle estimate" shown here, with similar distributions by region.

As of 2024, Barbados was the most densely populated country in Latin America and the Caribbean, with approximately 652 people per square kilometer. In that same year, Argentina's population density was estimated at approximately 16.7 people per square kilometer.

Estimated density of people per grid-cell, approximately 1km (0.008333 degrees) resolution. The units are number of people per Km² per pixel, expressed as unit: "ppl/Km²". The mapping approach is Random Forest-based dasymetric redistribution. The WorldPop project was initiated in October 2013 to combine the AfriPop, AsiaPop and AmeriPop population mapping projects. It aims to provide an open access archive of spatial demographic datasets for Central and South America, Africa and Asia to support development, disaster response and health applications. The methods used are designed with full open access and operational application in mind, using transparent, fully documented and peer-reviewed methods to produce easily updatable maps with accompanying metadata and measures of uncertainty. Acknowledgements information at https://www.worldpop.org/acknowledgements

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a plate that shows the distribution of population in what is now Canada circa 1851, 1871, 1901, 1921 and 1941. The five maps display the boundaries of the various colonies, provinces and territories for each date. Also shown on these five maps are the locations of principal cities and settlements. These places are shown on all of the maps for reference purposes even though they may not have been in existence in the earlier years. Each map is accompanied by a pie chart providing the percentage distribution of Canadian population by province and territory corresponding to the date the map is based on. It should be noted that the pie chart entitled Percentage Distribution of Total Population, 1851, refers to the whole of what was then British North America. The name Canada in this chart refers to the province of Canada which entered confederation in 1867 as Ontario and Quebec. The other pie charts, however, show only percentage distribution of population in what was Canada at the date indicated. Three additional graphs are included on this plate and show changes in the distribution of the population of Canada from 1867 to 1951, changes in the percentage distribution of the population of Canada by provinces and territories from 1867 to 1951 and elements in the growth of the population of Canada for each ten-year period from 1891 to 1951.

This map shows the direct influence of humans on terrestrial ecosystems across North America. The Human Influence Index (HII) is based on population density, built-up areas, roads, railroads, navigable rivers, coastlines, land use/land cover, and nighttime lights.HII values range from 0 to 64, with 0 representing no human influence and 64 representing maximum human influence, based on all eight measures of human influence. The data layer was compiled by the Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) and the Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN).Source: The Last of the Wild, Version Two. 2005. Global human influence index (HII). Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS), and Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN).Files Download

The earliest point where scientists can make reasonable estimates for the population of global regions is around 10,000 years before the Common Era (or 12,000 years ago). Estimates suggest that Asia has consistently been the most populated continent, and the least populated continent has generally been Oceania (although it was more heavily populated than areas such as North America in very early years). Population growth was very slow, but an increase can be observed between most of the given time periods. There were, however, dips in population due to pandemics, the most notable of these being the impact of plague in Eurasia in the 14th century, and the impact of European contact with the indigenous populations of the Americas after 1492, where it took almost four centuries for the population of Latin America to return to its pre-1500 level. The world's population first reached one billion people in 1803, which also coincided with a spike in population growth, due to the onset of the demographic transition. This wave of growth first spread across the most industrially developed countries in the 19th century, and the correlation between demographic development and industrial or economic maturity continued until today, with Africa being the final major region to begin its transition in the late-1900s.

Data are derived from generalized linear models and model selection techniques using 129 estimates of population density of wild pigs (Sus scrofa) from 5 continents. Models were used to determine the strength of association among a diverse set of biotic and abiotic factors associated with wild pig population dynamics. The models and associated factors were used to predict the potential population density of wild pigs at the 1 km resolution. Predictions were then compared with available population estimates for wild pigs on their native range in North America indicating the predicted densities are within observed values. See Lewis et al (2017) and Lewis et al (2019) for more information.Lewis, Jesse S., Matthew L. Farnsworth, Chris L. Burdett, David M. Theobald, Miranda Gray, and Ryan S. Miller. "Biotic and abiotic factors predicting the global distribution and population density of an invasive large mammal." Scientific reports7 (2017): 44152.Lewis, Jesse S., Joseph L. Corn, John J. Mayer, Thomas R. Jordan, Matthew L. Farnsworth, Christopher L. Burdett, Kurt C. VerCauteren, Steven J. Sweeney, and Ryan S. Miller. "Historical, current, and potential population size estimates of invasive wild pigs (Sus scrofa) in the United States." Biological Invasions21, no. 7 (2019): 2373-2384.

Characterizing the population density of species is a central interest in ecology. Eastern North America is the global hotspot for biodiversity of plethodontid salamanders, an inconspicuous component of terrestrial vertebrate communities, and among the most widespread is the eastern red-backed salamander, Plethodon cinereus. Previous work suggests population densities are high with significant geographic variation, but comparisons among locations are challenged by lack of standardization and failure to accommodate imperfect detection. We present results from a range-wide monitoring network that accounts for detection uncertainty using systematic survey protocols and robust quantitative models. We analyzed mark-recapture data from 19 study areas across the range. Estimated salamander densities ranged from 1950 to 34300 salamanders/ha, with a median of 9965 salamanders/ha. We compare these results to previous estimates for P. cinereus and other abundant terrestrial vertebrates. We demonst..., , , # Range-wide salamander densities reveal a key component of terrestrial vertebrate biomass in eastern North American forests

https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h44j0zpvf

Capture data from standardized arrays.

Description of the data and file structure

One file with all data:Â Â

• site: name of sampling area
• year: year sampled
• season: season of sampling
• plot: identity of plot within site
• trap: identity of coverboard within plot
• mark: individual id
• occasion: occasion of sampling
• session: sampling session

Code/Software

Data are formatted for analysis in the R package: oSCR

Morphological traits are not consistently related to population size in four migratory caribou populations across North America

https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.n2z34tn59

This folder contains the data and R codes for the article:
Vuillaume, B, Leblond, M, Festa-Bianchet, M and Côté, S (2024) Morphological traits are not consistently related to population size in four migratory caribou populations across North America
Comments and requests should be addressed to Barbara Vuillaume: barbara.vuillaume@univ-lyon1.fr. All material is free of use, but I would appreciate being told, and this dataset and the matching paper cited if appropriate.

Description of the data and code

File list

Popsize_rawdata.txt
Popsize_slop.R
Popsize_final_dataset.txt
Morpho_rawdata.txt
Morphological_data_format.R
Morpho_dataset.txt
Relationship_analysis.R

File descriptions

A - Formatting pha...

Global patterns of current and future road infrastructure - Supplementary spatial data

Authors: Johan Meijer, Mark Huijbregts, Kees Schotten, Aafke Schipper

Research paper summary: Georeferenced information on road infrastructure is essential for spatial planning, socio-economic assessments and environmental impact analyses. Yet current global road maps are typically outdated or characterized by spatial bias in coverage. In the Global Roads Inventory Project we gathered, harmonized and integrated nearly 60 geospatial datasets on road infrastructure into a global roads dataset. The resulting dataset covers 222 countries and includes over 21 million km of roads, which is two to three times the total length in the currently best available country-based global roads datasets. We then related total road length per country to country area, population density, GDP and OECD membership, resulting in a regression model with adjusted R2 of 0.90, and found that that the highest road densities are associated with densely populated and wealthier countries. Applying our regression model to future population densities and GDP estimates from the Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (SSP) scenarios, we obtained a tentative estimate of 3.0–4.7 million km additional road length for the year 2050. Large increases in road length were projected for developing nations in some of the world's last remaining wilderness areas, such as the Amazon, the Congo basin and New Guinea. This highlights the need for accurate spatial road datasets to underpin strategic spatial planning in order to reduce the impacts of roads in remaining pristine ecosystems.

Contents: The GRIP dataset consists of global and regional vector datasets in ESRI filegeodatabase and shapefile format, and global raster datasets of road density at a 5 arcminutes resolution (~8x8km). The GRIP dataset is mainly aimed at providing a roads dataset that is easily usable for scientific global environmental and biodiversity modelling projects. The dataset is not suitable for navigation. GRIP4 is based on many different sources (including OpenStreetMap) and to the best of our ability we have verified their public availability, as a criteria in our research. The UNSDI-Transportation datamodel was applied for harmonization of the individual source datasets. GRIP4 is provided under a Creative Commons License (CC-0) and is free to use. The GRIP database and future global road infrastructure scenario projections following the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) are described in the paper by Meijer et al (2018). Due to shapefile file size limitations the global file is only available in ESRI filegeodatabase format.

Regional coding of the other vector datasets in shapefile and ESRI fgdb format:

• Region 1: North America
• Region 2: Central and South America
• Region 3: Africa
• Region 4: Europe
• Region 5: Middle East and Central Asia
• Region 6: South and East Asia
• Region 7: Oceania

Road density raster data:

• Total density, all types combined
• Type 1 density (highways)
• Type 2 density (primary roads)
• Type 3 density (secondary roads)
• Type 4 density (tertiary roads)
• Type 5 density (local roads)

Keyword: global, data, roads, infrastructure, network, global roads inventory project (GRIP), SSP scenarios

Contained within the 5th Edition (1978 to 1995) of the National Atlas of Canada is a map that shows the network of roads in three classes (national and major provincial roads, other provincial roads and frontier roads) with each class subdivided based on width and type of surface. The map also shows major ferry routes and transport nodes, and settled regions using three population density classes.

North America Same Day Delivery Market size was valued at USD 10.3 Billion in 2024 and is expected to reach USD 16.5 Billion by 2032, growing at a CAGR of 6.09% from 2026 to 2032.Key Market Drivers:E-commerce Growth and Consumer Expectations: The increasing expansion of e-commerce has greatly increased consumer demand for speedier delivery. In 2023, US e-commerce sales hit $1.09 trillion, up 7.6% from the previous year, with online sales accounting for 15.4% of total retail transactions. According to a National Retail Federation poll, 30% of online buyers demand same-day delivery, and 25% will abandon their order if it is not available.Urbanization and Population Density: Given 83% of North Americans living in cities in 2023, and that figure expected to rise to 89% by 2050, high population density makes same-day delivery an appealing option. The ten largest metropolitan areas in the United States alone have over 85 million individuals, or around 25% of the population, allowing delivery companies to serve vast customer bases within small territories.

Roads play a key role in movements of goods and people but require large amounts of materials emitting greenhouse gases to be produced. This study assesses the global road material stock and the emissions associated with materials’ production. Our bottom-up approach combines georeferenced paved road segments with road length statistics and archetypical geometric characteristics of roads. We estimate road material stock to be of 254 Gt. If we were to build these roads anew, raw material production would emit 8.4 GtCO2-eq. Per capita stocks range from 0.2 t/cap in Chad to 283 t/cap in Iceland, with a median of 20.6 t/cap. If the average per capita stock in Africa was to reach the current European level, 166 Gt of road materials, equivalent to the road material stock in North America and in East and South Asia, would be consumed. At the urban scale, road material stock increases with the urban area, population density, and GDP per capita, emphasizing the need for containing urban expansion. Our study highlights the challenges in estimating road material stock and serves as a basis for further research into infrastructure resource management.

Human land transformation is one of the leading causes of vertebrate population declines. These declines are thought to be partly due to decreased connectivity and habitat loss reducing animal population sizes in disturbed habitats. With time, this can lead to declines in effective population size and genetic diversity which restricts the ability of wildlife to efficiently cope with environmental change through genetic adaptation. However, it is not well understood whether these effects generally hold across taxa. We address this question by repurposing and synthesizing raw microsatellite data from online repositories for 19 amphibian species sampled at 554 georeferenced sites in North America. For each site, we estimated gene diversity, allelic richness, effective population size, and population differentiation. Using binary urban-rural census designations, and continuous measures of human population density, the Human Footprint Index, and impervious surface cover, we tested for genera...