Philippines Population: NCR: San Juan data was reported at 122.180 Person th in 2015. This records an increase from the previous number of 121.430 Person th for 2010. Philippines Population: NCR: San Juan data is updated yearly, averaging 123.340 Person th from Dec 1975 (Median) to 2015, with 8 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 130.088 Person th in 1980 and a record low of 117.680 Person th in 2000. Philippines Population: NCR: San Juan data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Philippine Statistics Authority. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Philippines – Table PH.G001: Population: Census 2010.

Philippines Population Density: NCR: San Juan data was reported at 20,534.000 Person/sq km in 2015. This records an increase from the previous number of 20,408.000 Person/sq km for 2010. Philippines Population Density: NCR: San Juan data is updated yearly, averaging 20,703.000 Person/sq km from Dec 1975 (Median) to 2015, with 8 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 21,864.000 Person/sq km in 1980 and a record low of 11,485.300 Person/sq km in 1975. Philippines Population Density: NCR: San Juan data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Philippine Statistics Authority. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Philippines – Table PH.G002: Population and Population Density: Census.

The EcoTrends project was established in 2004 by Dr. Debra Peters (Jornada Basin LTER, USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range) and Dr. Ariel Lugo (Luquillo LTER, USDA-FS Luquillo Experimental Forest) to support the collection and analysis of long-term ecological datasets. The project is a large synthesis effort focused on improving the accessibility and use of long-term data. At present, there are ~50 state and federally funded research sites that are participating and contributing to the EcoTrends project, including all 26 Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) sites and sites funded by the USDA Agriculture Research Service (ARS), USDA Forest Service, US Department of Energy, US Geological Survey (USGS) and numerous universities. Data from the EcoTrends project are available through an exploratory web portal (http://www.ecotrends.info). This web portal enables the continuation of data compilation and accessibility by users through an interactive web application. Ongoing data compilation is updated through both manual and automatic processing as part of the LTER Provenance Aware Synthesis Tracking Architecture (PASTA). The web portal is a collaboration between the Jornada LTER and the LTER Network Office. The following dataset from Luquillo Experimental Forest (LUQ) contains human population density measurements in numberPerKilometerSquared units and were aggregated to a yearly timescale.

7,6 (Persons/sq km) в 2010.

The EcoTrends project was established in 2004 by Dr. Debra Peters (Jornada Basin LTER, USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range) and Dr. Ariel Lugo (Luquillo LTER, USDA-FS Luquillo Experimental Forest) to support the collection and analysis of long-term ecological datasets. The project is a large synthesis effort focused on improving the accessibility and use of long-term data. At present, there are ~50 state and federally funded research sites that are participating and contributing to the EcoTrends project, including all 26 Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) sites and sites funded by the USDA Agriculture Research Service (ARS), USDA Forest Service, US Department of Energy, US Geological Survey (USGS) and numerous universities. Data from the EcoTrends project are available through an exploratory web portal (http://www.ecotrends.info). This web portal enables the continuation of data compilation and accessibility by users through an interactive web application. Ongoing data compilation is updated through both manual and automatic processing as part of the LTER Provenance Aware Synthesis Tracking Architecture (PASTA). The web portal is a collaboration between the Jornada LTER and the LTER Network Office. The following dataset from Luquillo Experimental Forest (LUQ) contains percent urban population measurements in percent units and were aggregated to a yearly timescale.

Mosquito community dynamics in urban areas are influenced by an array of both social and ecological factors. Human socioeconomic factors (SEF) can be related to mosquito abundance and diversity as urban mosquito development sites are modified by varying human activity, e.g. level of abandoned structures or amount of accumulated trash. The goal of this study was to investigate the relationships among mosquito diversity, populations of Aedes aegypti, and SEF in a tropical urban setting. Mosquitoes were collected using BG Sentinel 2 traps and CDC light traps during three periods between late 2018 and early 2019 in San Juan, Puerto Rico and were identified to species. Socioeconomic factors (i.e., median household income, population density, college-level educational attainment, unemployment, health insurance coverage, percentage of households below the poverty line, amount of trash, and level of abandoned homes) were measured using foot surveys and U.S. Census data. We found 19 species with...

Comprehensive socio-economic dataset for Puerto Rico including population demographics, economic indicators, geographic data, and social statistics. This dataset covers key metrics such as GDP, population density, area, capital city, and regional classifications.

人口：人口普查2010：NCR：圣胡安在12-01-2015达122.180千人，相较于12-01-2010的121.430千人有所增长。人口：人口普查2010：NCR：圣胡安数据按年更新，12-01-1975至12-01-2015期间平均值为123.340千人，共8份观测结果。该数据的历史最高值出现于12-01-1980，达130.088千人，而历史最低值则出现于12-01-2000，为117.680千人。CEIC提供的人口：人口普查2010：NCR：圣胡安数据处于定期更新的状态，数据来源于Philippine Statistics Authority，数据归类于全球数据库的菲律宾 – 表 PH.G001：人口：人口普查2010。

Abstract

The World Values Survey (www.worldvaluessurvey.org) is a global network of social scientists studying changing values and their impact on social and political life, led by an international team of scholars, with the WVS association and secretariat headquartered in Stockholm, Sweden. The survey, which started in 1981, seeks to use the most rigorous, high-quality research designs in each country. The WVS consists of nationally representative surveys conducted in almost 100 countries which contain almost 90 percent of the world’s population, using a common questionnaire. The WVS is the largest non-commercial, cross-national, time series investigation of human beliefs and values ever executed, currently including interviews with almost 400,000 respondents. Moreover the WVS is the only academic study covering the full range of global variations, from very poor to very rich countries, in all of the world’s major cultural zones. The WVS seeks to help scientists and policy makers understand changes in the beliefs, values and motivations of people throughout the world. Thousands of political scientists, sociologists, social psychologists, anthropologists and economists have used these data to analyze such topics as economic development, democratization, religion, gender equality, social capital, and subjective well-being. These data have also been widely used by government officials, journalists and students, and groups at the World Bank have analyzed the linkages between cultural factors and economic development.

Geographic coverage

This survey covers Puerto Rico.

Analysis unit

• Household
• Individual

Universe

The WVS for Puerto Rico covers national population, aged 18 years and over, for both sexes.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The sample was designed to be representative of the entire adult population, i.e. 18 years and older, of your country. The lower age cut-off for the sample was 18 and there was not an upper age cut-off for the sample. 1,164 questionnaires were effectively administered among able persons 18 years old and older, using the Kish selection method in each household (date of next birthday) and planning up to two more visits in different time schedules or by previous appointment in order to reach the selected person. The obtained sample was similar to the population universe in educational, economic and demographic terms, according to the data provided by the Federal Census Bureau and the Commonwealth Planning Board.

The questionnaires were administered in a face to face basis using a structured random sample model in three stages (multi-stage structured random sample). First, all Puerto Rican towns and cities were organized and classified according to their geographical position and population density. Accordingly, the Island was divided in six sections: north, south, central highlands, east, west and San Juan metropolitan region. Three towns or cities were randomly selected in each section. Second, all residential communities in each of the selected towns or citieswere classified in three socio-educational categories (upper, middle and low) using schooling and family income data from the last population census of 1990, and one community was randomly selected in each category. In a third stage, after conducting a thorough "block listing process" in which commercial and inhabited residences were crossed out, random samples were conducted among the households in each selected community using a criterion of p.01, for a total sample of 1,650 (intended contacts). The sample size is N=1164.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The WVS questionnaire was in Spanish. Some special variable labels have been included, such as: V56 Neighbours: North American and V149 Institution: NAFTA o TLC. Special categories labels are: V 179 Least liked groups and V203/ V204: Geographical affinity. Country Specific variables included are: V208: Ethnic identification; V209 Language at home; The variables political parties V210 a V212; Ethic group: V 233 and Region: V 234 are also included as country specific variables. The V 206 Born in this country is also different in Puerto Rico.

Sampling error estimates

+/- 2,9%

人口密度：NCR：圣胡安在12-01-2015达20,534.000Person/sq km，相较于12-01-2010的20,408.000Person/sq km有所增长。人口密度：NCR：圣胡安数据按年更新，12-01-1975至12-01-2015期间平均值为20,703.000Person/sq km，共8份观测结果。该数据的历史最高值出现于12-01-1980，达21,864.000Person/sq km，而历史最低值则出现于12-01-1975，为11,485.300Person/sq km。CEIC提供的人口密度：NCR：圣胡安数据处于定期更新的状态，数据来源于Philippine Statistics Authority，数据归类于Global Database的菲律宾 – 表 PH.G002：人口和人口密度：人口普查。

The harbor seal (Phoca vitulina richardii) population in the Salish Sea has been at equilibrium since the mid-1990s. This stable population of marine mammals resides relatively close to shore near a large human population and offers a novel opportunity to evaluate whether disease acts in a density-dependent manner to limit population growth. We conducted a retrospective analysis of harbor seal stranding and necropsy findings in the San Juan Islands sub-population to assess age-related stranding trends and causes of mortality. Between January 01, 2002 and December 31, 2018, we detected 882 harbor seals that stranded and died in San Juan County and conducted necropsies on 244 of these animals to determine primary and contributing causes of death. Age-related seasonal patterns of stranded animals were evident, with pups found in the summer, weaned pups primarily recovered during fall, and adults and sub-adults recovered in summer and fall. Pups were the most vulnerable to mortality (64% of strandings). Pups predominantly died of nutritional causes (emaciation) (70%), whereas sub-adults and adults presented primarily with clinical signs and gross lesions of infectious disease (42%) and with non-anthropogenic trauma (27%). Primary causes of weaned pup mortality were distributed equally among nutritional, infectious, non-anthropogenic trauma, and anthropogenic trauma categories. Nutritional causes of mortality in pups were likely related to limitations in mid- and late-gestational maternal nutrition, post-partum mismothering, or maternal separation possibly related to human disturbance. Infectious causes were contributing factors in 33% of pups dying of nutritional causes (primarily emaciation–malnutrition syndrome), suggesting an interaction between poor nutritional condition and enhanced susceptibility to infectious diseases. Additional primary causes of harbor seal mortality were related to congenital disorders, predation, human interaction, and infections, including zoonotic and multidrug-resistant pathogens. Bottom-up nutritional limitations for pups, in part possibly related to human disturbance, as well as top-down predatory influences (likely under-represented through strandings) and infectious disease, are important regulators of population growth in this stable, recovered marine mammal population.

Physical and identifying info for Harbor Seals tagged and tracked in the San Juan Islands from 2007 to 2008; includes sex, length, weight, pelage description, and tag ID numbers. access_formats=.htmlTable,.csv,.json,.mat,.nc,.tsv acquisition_description=The methods below are further described in Peterson et al. (2012), Ward et al. (2012), and Thomas et al. (2011):
To estimate the movement behavior of Harbor Seals, adult seals were captured in 2007 to 2008 at several sites in the San Juan Islands: Padilla Bay, Bird Rocks, Belle Chain, and Protection Island. Several methods were used to capture seals, including boat rushes, beach sienes, and tangle-nets. Captured seals were sexed, weighed, and measured. Seals were classified as adults if they weighed more than 50 kg. All animals were flipper-tagged with unique ID numbers. Adult seals were tagged with time-depth recorders, and satellite tags were glued to the animals.

References:
Peterson, S., Lance, M. M., Jeffries, S. J. & Acevedo-Gutierrez, A. 2012. Long distance movements and disjunct spatial use of harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) in the inland waters of the Pacific Northwest. PLoS ONE 7: e39046. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039046
Thomas, AC; Lance, MM; Jeffries, SJ; Miner, BG; Acevedo-Gutierrez, A. 2011. Harbor seal foraging response to a seasonal resource pulse, spawning Pacific herring. Marine Ecology-Progress Series, v.441. p. 225. DOI: 10.3354/meps09370
Ward, EJ; Levin, PS; Lance, MM; Jeffries, SJ; Acevedo-Gutierrez, A. 2012. Integrating diet and movement data to identify hot spots of predation risk and areas of conservation concern for endangered species. Conservation Letters, v.5, p. 37. DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-263X.2011.00210.x awards_0_award_nid=54955 awards_0_award_number=OCE-0550443 awards_0_data_url=http://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward.do?AwardNumber=0550443 awards_0_funder_name=NSF Division of Ocean Sciences awards_0_funding_acronym=NSF OCE awards_0_funding_source_nid=355 awards_0_program_manager=David L. Garrison awards_0_program_manager_nid=50534 cdm_data_type=Other comment=Seal data measured at time of capture, San Juan Islands, 2007-2008 Lead PI: Alejandro Acevedo-Gutierrez Version: 26 Nov 2012 Conventions=COARDS, CF-1.6, ACDD-1.3 data_source=extract_data_as_tsv version 2.3 19 Dec 2019 defaultDataQuery=&time<now doi=10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.3794.1 infoUrl=https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/3794 institution=BCO-DMO metadata_source=https://www.bco-dmo.org/api/dataset/3794 param_mapping={'3794': {}} parameter_source=https://www.bco-dmo.org/mapserver/dataset/3794/parameters people_0_affiliation=Western Washington University people_0_affiliation_acronym=WWU people_0_person_name=Alejandro Acevedo-Gutierrez people_0_person_nid=51487 people_0_role=Lead Principal Investigator people_0_role_type=originator people_1_affiliation=United States Geological Survey people_1_affiliation_acronym=USGS people_1_person_name=Jeffrey F Bromaghin people_1_person_nid=51491 people_1_role=Co-Principal Investigator people_1_role_type=originator people_2_affiliation=Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife people_2_person_name=Steven J Jeffries people_2_person_nid=51489 people_2_role=Co-Principal Investigator people_2_role_type=originator people_3_affiliation=University of Alaska, Anchorage people_3_affiliation_acronym=UAA people_3_person_name=John M Kennish people_3_person_nid=51490 people_3_role=Co-Principal Investigator people_3_role_type=originator people_4_affiliation=Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife people_4_person_name=Monique M Lance people_4_person_nid=51488 people_4_role=Co-Principal Investigator people_4_role_type=originator people_5_affiliation=National Marine Fisheries Service people_5_affiliation_acronym=NMFS people_5_person_name=Philip S Levin people_5_person_nid=51492 people_5_role=Co-Principal Investigator people_5_role_type=originator people_6_affiliation=Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution people_6_affiliation_acronym=WHOI BCO-DMO people_6_person_name=Shannon Rauch people_6_person_nid=51498 people_6_role=BCO-DMO Data Manager people_6_role_type=related project=Seal_response_to_prey projects_0_acronym=Seal_response_to_prey projects_0_description=From NSF proposal: This project is a collaborative study of the responses of harbor seals and other mammalian predators to changes in prey density in Puget Sound. The general study approach will involve multi-year field estimates to observe the responses of predators to rockfish density in protected areas, candidate marine reserves, and unprotected sites. The collaborating investigators will estimate 1) rockfish density using visual and mark and recapture techniques; 2) predator abundance using aerials surveys and dedicated land observations; and 3) predator food consumption using scat to describe diet, tagging of harbor seals to describe individual foraging sites, and population-based and individual bioenergetics models to describe consumption of rockfish. The investigators will also take into account confounding factors that might explain predator behavior, such as environmental variables and alternative prey, by creating a GIS database from available information from the area. The different field observations and database estimates are explicitly linked through a common hypothesis and coordinated methodologies, and their results will be integrated into a model describing the impact of predation on rockfish populations. The responses of top predators to changes in prey density and their impact on fish populations of interest are unknown. This study will evaluate the effectiveness of MPAs as fish refugia, offer a framework for the management and conservation of marine resources, and provide an exciting opportunity for students to participate in ecological and conservation research. Hypotheses: 1) Harbor seals and other pinniped species show aggregative responses to changes in prey density. Hence, their abundance will increase with fish density. 2) Harbor seals and other pinniped species show Type 2 or 3 functional responses to changes in prey density. Thus, their consumption rate of a particular prey type follows an asymptotic or sigmoidal curve relative to the prey’s density, respectively. 3) Predation by harbor seals and other pinniped species is sufficiently intense that it impedes recovery of depleted fish populations. Objectives: 1) Quantify the number of harbor seals and other pinniped species in relation to rockfish density and other environmental (confounding) factors. 2) Estimate the consumption rate of harbor seals and other pinniped species in relation to rockfish density and other prey species. 3) Correlatively estimate the influence of predation by harbor seals and other pinniped species on survivorship and population size of rockfish. Publications resulting from this NSF award:Bjorland, R. H., Pearson, S. F, Jeffries, S. J, Lance, M. M., Acevedo- Gutiérrez, A. & Ward, E. J. 2015. Stable isotope mixing models elucidate sex and size effects on the diet of a generalist marine predator. Marine Ecology Progress Series 526: 213-225. DOI: 10.3354/meps11230Bromaghin, J. F., Lance, M. M., Elliott, E. W., Jeffries, S. J., Acevedo-Gutierrez, A. & Kennish, J. M. 2013. New insights into the diets of harbor seals in the Salish Sea of western North America revealed by quantitative fatty acid signature analysis. Fishery Bulletin 111: 13-26. DOI: 10.7755/FB.111.1.2Buzzell, B.1, Lance, M. & Acevedo-Gutiérrez, A. 2014. Spatial and temporal variation in river otter (Lontra canadensis) diet and predation on rockfish (Genus Sebastes) in the San Juan Islands, Washington. Aquatic Mammals 40: 150- 161. DOI: 10.1578/AM.40.2.2014.150Howard, S., Lance, M., Jeffries, S. & Acevedo-Gutierrez, A. 2013. Fish consumption by harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) in the San Juan Islands, WA. Fishery Bulletin 111: 27-41. DOI: 10.7755/FB.111.1.3Lance, M. M., Chang, W.-Y., Jeffries, S. J., Pearson, S. F. & Acevedo-Gutierrez, A. 2012. Harbor seal diet in northern Puget Sound: implications for the recovery of depressed fish stocks. Marine Ecology Progress Series 464:257-271. DOI:10.3354/meps09880Luxa, K. & Acevedo-Gutierrez, A. 2013. Food habits of harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) in two estuaries in the central Salish Sea. Aquatic Mammals 39: 10- 22. DOI: 10.1578/AM.39.1.2013.10Peterson, S., Lance, M. M., Jeffries, S. J. & Acevedo-Gutierrez, A. 2012. Long distance movements and disjunct spatial use of harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) in the inland waters of the Pacific Northwest. PLoS ONE 7: e39046. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039046Thomas, AC; Lance, MM; Jeffries, SJ; Miner, BG; Acevedo-Gutierrez, A. 2011. Harbor seal foraging response to a seasonal resource pulse, spawning Pacific herring. Marine Ecology-Progress Series, v.441. p. 225. DOI: 10.3354/meps09370Ward, EJ; Levin, PS; Lance, MM; Jeffries, SJ; Acevedo-Gutierrez, A. 2012. Integrating diet and movement data to identify hot spots of predation risk and areas of conservation concern for endangered species. Conservation Letters, v.5, p. 37. DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-263X.2011.00210.xWilson, K.2, Lance, M., Jeffries, S. & Acevedo-Gutiérrez, A. 2014. Fine-scale variability in harbor seal foraging behavior. PLoS ONE 9: e92838. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092838. projects_0_end_date=2012-03 projects_0_geolocation=Salish Sea, USA and Canada projects_0_name=Responses of Seals and Sea Lions to Increased Rockfish Density projects_0_project_nid=2205 projects_0_project_website=http://biol.wwu.edu/mbel/?page=research projects_0_start_date=2006-04 sourceUrl=(local files) standard_name_vocabulary=CF Standard Name Table v55 subsetVariables=lactating,blood,biopsy version=1 xml_source=osprey2erddap.update_xml() v1.3

Counts of prey species found in harbor seal scat samples collected in the San Juan Islands from 2005-2008. access_formats=.htmlTable,.csv,.json,.mat,.nc,.tsv acquisition_description=From Lance et al.:
From 2005 to 2008, fecal samples (scats) were collected seasonally over 3 collection periods: March to early June (\u2018spring\u2019), late July to September (\u2018summer/fall\u2019), and January to February (\u2018winter\u2019). Scats were collected from 23 haul-out locations during daytime low tides. The sites were dispersed throughout the study area, represented various habitat types used by harbor seals, were the largest haul- outs where adequate sample sizes could be collected, and were easily accessible by boat. Two or three collection trips were made each season, with a target sample size of 60 scats per season per region.

Samples were stored frozen. In the lab, samples were enclosed in fine mesh paint-strainer bags and cleaned using a washing machine or nested sieves. Hard parts were cleaned and stored dry. Prey were identified to lowest possible taxon using a dissecting microscope, reference fish bone collections, and published keys. awards_0_award_nid=54955 awards_0_award_number=OCE-0550443 awards_0_data_url=http://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward.do?AwardNumber=0550443 awards_0_funder_name=NSF Division of Ocean Sciences awards_0_funding_acronym=NSF OCE awards_0_funding_source_nid=355 awards_0_program_manager=David L. Garrison awards_0_program_manager_nid=50534 cdm_data_type=Other comment=Prey species found in seal scat from the San Juan Islands Lead PI: Alejandro Acevedo-Gutierrez Version: 12 Dec 2012 Conventions=COARDS, CF-1.6, ACDD-1.3 data_source=extract_data_as_tsv version 2.3 19 Dec 2019 defaultDataQuery=&time<now doi=10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.3817.1 infoUrl=https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/3817 institution=BCO-DMO metadata_source=https://www.bco-dmo.org/api/dataset/3817 param_mapping={'3817': {}} parameter_source=https://www.bco-dmo.org/mapserver/dataset/3817/parameters people_0_affiliation=Western Washington University people_0_affiliation_acronym=WWU people_0_person_name=Alejandro Acevedo-Gutierrez people_0_person_nid=51487 people_0_role=Lead Principal Investigator people_0_role_type=originator people_1_affiliation=United States Geological Survey people_1_affiliation_acronym=USGS people_1_person_name=Jeffrey F Bromaghin people_1_person_nid=51491 people_1_role=Co-Principal Investigator people_1_role_type=originator people_2_affiliation=Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife people_2_person_name=Steven J Jeffries people_2_person_nid=51489 people_2_role=Co-Principal Investigator people_2_role_type=originator people_3_affiliation=University of Alaska, Anchorage people_3_affiliation_acronym=UAA people_3_person_name=John M Kennish people_3_person_nid=51490 people_3_role=Co-Principal Investigator people_3_role_type=originator people_4_affiliation=Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife people_4_person_name=Monique M Lance people_4_person_nid=51488 people_4_role=Co-Principal Investigator people_4_role_type=originator people_5_affiliation=National Marine Fisheries Service people_5_affiliation_acronym=NMFS people_5_person_name=Philip S Levin people_5_person_nid=51492 people_5_role=Co-Principal Investigator people_5_role_type=originator people_6_affiliation=Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution people_6_affiliation_acronym=WHOI BCO-DMO people_6_person_name=Shannon Rauch people_6_person_nid=51498 people_6_role=BCO-DMO Data Manager people_6_role_type=related project=Seal_response_to_prey projects_0_acronym=Seal_response_to_prey projects_0_description=From NSF proposal: This project is a collaborative study of the responses of harbor seals and other mammalian predators to changes in prey density in Puget Sound. The general study approach will involve multi-year field estimates to observe the responses of predators to rockfish density in protected areas, candidate marine reserves, and unprotected sites. The collaborating investigators will estimate 1) rockfish density using visual and mark and recapture techniques; 2) predator abundance using aerials surveys and dedicated land observations; and 3) predator food consumption using scat to describe diet, tagging of harbor seals to describe individual foraging sites, and population-based and individual bioenergetics models to describe consumption of rockfish. The investigators will also take into account confounding factors that might explain predator behavior, such as environmental variables and alternative prey, by creating a GIS database from available information from the area. The different field observations and database estimates are explicitly linked through a common hypothesis and coordinated methodologies, and their results will be integrated into a model describing the impact of predation on rockfish populations. The responses of top predators to changes in prey density and their impact on fish populations of interest are unknown. This study will evaluate the effectiveness of MPAs as fish refugia, offer a framework for the management and conservation of marine resources, and provide an exciting opportunity for students to participate in ecological and conservation research. Hypotheses: 1) Harbor seals and other pinniped species show aggregative responses to changes in prey density. Hence, their abundance will increase with fish density. 2) Harbor seals and other pinniped species show Type 2 or 3 functional responses to changes in prey density. Thus, their consumption rate of a particular prey type follows an asymptotic or sigmoidal curve relative to the prey’s density, respectively. 3) Predation by harbor seals and other pinniped species is sufficiently intense that it impedes recovery of depleted fish populations. Objectives: 1) Quantify the number of harbor seals and other pinniped species in relation to rockfish density and other environmental (confounding) factors. 2) Estimate the consumption rate of harbor seals and other pinniped species in relation to rockfish density and other prey species. 3) Correlatively estimate the influence of predation by harbor seals and other pinniped species on survivorship and population size of rockfish. Publications resulting from this NSF award:Bjorland, R. H., Pearson, S. F, Jeffries, S. J, Lance, M. M., Acevedo- Gutiérrez, A. & Ward, E. J. 2015. Stable isotope mixing models elucidate sex and size effects on the diet of a generalist marine predator. Marine Ecology Progress Series 526: 213-225. DOI: 10.3354/meps11230Bromaghin, J. F., Lance, M. M., Elliott, E. W., Jeffries, S. J., Acevedo-Gutierrez, A. & Kennish, J. M. 2013. New insights into the diets of harbor seals in the Salish Sea of western North America revealed by quantitative fatty acid signature analysis. Fishery Bulletin 111: 13-26. DOI: 10.7755/FB.111.1.2Buzzell, B.1, Lance, M. & Acevedo-Gutiérrez, A. 2014. Spatial and temporal variation in river otter (Lontra canadensis) diet and predation on rockfish (Genus Sebastes) in the San Juan Islands, Washington. Aquatic Mammals 40: 150- 161. DOI: 10.1578/AM.40.2.2014.150Howard, S., Lance, M., Jeffries, S. & Acevedo-Gutierrez, A. 2013. Fish consumption by harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) in the San Juan Islands, WA. Fishery Bulletin 111: 27-41. DOI: 10.7755/FB.111.1.3Lance, M. M., Chang, W.-Y., Jeffries, S. J., Pearson, S. F. & Acevedo-Gutierrez, A. 2012. Harbor seal diet in northern Puget Sound: implications for the recovery of depressed fish stocks. Marine Ecology Progress Series 464:257-271. DOI:10.3354/meps09880Luxa, K. & Acevedo-Gutierrez, A. 2013. Food habits of harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) in two estuaries in the central Salish Sea. Aquatic Mammals 39: 10- 22. DOI: 10.1578/AM.39.1.2013.10Peterson, S., Lance, M. M., Jeffries, S. J. & Acevedo-Gutierrez, A. 2012. Long distance movements and disjunct spatial use of harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) in the inland waters of the Pacific Northwest. PLoS ONE 7: e39046. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039046Thomas, AC; Lance, MM; Jeffries, SJ; Miner, BG; Acevedo-Gutierrez, A. 2011. Harbor seal foraging response to a seasonal resource pulse, spawning Pacific herring. Marine Ecology-Progress Series, v.441. p. 225. DOI: 10.3354/meps09370Ward, EJ; Levin, PS; Lance, MM; Jeffries, SJ; Acevedo-Gutierrez, A. 2012. Integrating diet and movement data to identify hot spots of predation risk and areas of conservation concern for endangered species. Conservation Letters, v.5, p. 37. DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-263X.2011.00210.xWilson, K.2, Lance, M., Jeffries, S. & Acevedo-Gutiérrez, A. 2014. Fine-scale variability in harbor seal foraging behavior. PLoS ONE 9: e92838. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092838. projects_0_end_date=2012-03 projects_0_geolocation=Salish Sea, USA and Canada projects_0_name=Responses of Seals and Sea Lions to Increased Rockfish Density projects_0_project_nid=2205 projects_0_project_website=http://biol.wwu.edu/mbel/?page=research projects_0_start_date=2006-04 sourceUrl=(local files) standard_name_vocabulary=CF Standard Name Table v55 version=1 xml_source=osprey2erddap.update_xml() v1.3

Coordinates of tagged seals in the San Juan Islands are reported. Seals were captured and tagged during 2007 to 2009 at several sites in Padilla Bay and the Rosario Strait of the Pacific Northwest coast. Seals were tagged with satellite-linked time-depth recorders (TDR's) and GPS receivers. access_formats=.htmlTable,.csv,.json,.mat,.nc,.tsv,.esriCsv,.geoJson acquisition_description=Seals were captured and tagged in April or May of 2007 and 2008 following the methods of Jeffries et al. (1993) at three sites: Padilla Bay, Bird/Belle Rocks, and Protection Island. In 2009, seals were captured on Protection Island. In 2007-2008, animals were tagged with time-depth recorders (TDR; Wildlife Computers, model Mk-9 or Mk-10F) and satellite tags. The TDR tags were placed on the dorsal midline of the animals and the satellite tags were placed on top the head. In 2009, animals were tagged with a combined satellite-linked TDR and Fastloc GPS receiver (Wildlife Computers, model Mk10AF). These instruments were epoxied to the animals on the dorsal midline so that satellite tags would be exposed to the air when the back of the seal reached the surface.

Position transmissions were received via the ARGOS satellite network. Tags transmitted locations daily. TDR sensors were programmed to sample every 10 seconds. TDR tags were equipped with a VHF transmitter to allow for the device to be recovered when it was shed during the animal's annual molt.

The Argos system provides 2 position estimates (lat/lon and lat2/lon2). Argos usually picks the correct lat/lon pair (of the two it generates), but occasionally it does not. When working with these data, one of the first steps is to check the lat/lon pairs to see if swapping out the lat/lon pair for the lat2/lon2 pair improves the data and is more biologically reasonable.

The Argos positioning system uses the following system for classifying location quality. These codes are used in the loc_q_flag column. Standard locations are those with > 4 uplinks from the tag; auxiliary locations are those with 4 or less uplinks from the tag.

loc_q_flag codes (according to Ward et al.):
Standard locations:
3 = 68th percentile predicted accuracy < 150 m
2 = 68th percentile predicted accuracy 150 - 350 m
1 = 68th percentile predicted accuracy < 1,000 m

Auxiliary locations:
0 = 4 uplinks, with > 1,000 m predicted accuracy
A = 3 uplinks, with no predicted accuracy
B = 2 uplinks, with no predicted accuracy awards_0_award_nid=54955 awards_0_award_number=OCE-0550443 awards_0_data_url=http://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward.do?AwardNumber=0550443 awards_0_funder_name=NSF Division of Ocean Sciences awards_0_funding_acronym=NSF OCE awards_0_funding_source_nid=355 awards_0_program_manager=David L. Garrison awards_0_program_manager_nid=50534 cdm_data_type=Other comment=Locations of Harbor Seals tagged and tracked at the San Juan Islands, 2007-2009 Lead PI: Alejandro Acevedo-Gutierrez Version: 28 Nov 2012 Conventions=COARDS, CF-1.6, ACDD-1.3 data_source=extract_data_as_tsv version 2.3 19 Dec 2019 defaultDataQuery=&time

Fine-scale information about urban vegetation and social-ecological relationships is crucial to inform both urban planning and ecological research, and high spatial resolution imagery is a valuable tool for assessing urban areas. However, urban ecology and remote sensing have largely focused on cities in temperate zones. Our goal was to characterize urban vegetation cover with sub-meter resolution aerial imagery, and identify social-ecological relationships of urban vegetation patterns in a tropical city, the San Juan Metropolitan Area, Puerto Rico. Our specific objectives were to: i) map vegetation cover using sub-meter spatial resolution (0.3 m) imagery; ii) quantify the amount of residential and non-residential vegetation; and iii) investigate the relationship between patterns of urban vegetation versus socioeconomic and environmental factors. We found that 61% of the San Juan Metropolitan Area was green, and that our combination of high spatial resolution imagery and object-based classification was highly successful for extracting vegetation cover in a moist tropical city (97% accuracy). In addition, simple spatial pattern analysis allowed us to separate residential from non-residential vegetation with 76% accuracy, and patterns of residential and non-residential vegetation varied greatly across the city. Both socioeconomic (e.g., population density, building age, detached homes) and environmental variables (e.g., topography) were important in explaining variations in vegetation cover in our spatial regression models. However, important socioeconomic drivers found in cities in temperate zones, such as income and home value, were not important in San Juan. Climatic and cultural differences between tropical and temperate cities may result in different social-ecological relationships. Our study provides novel information for local land use planners, highlights the value of high spatial resolution remote sensing data to advance ecological research and urban planning in tropical cities, and emphasizes the need for more studies in tropical cities.

Data table with the densities of brown spider monkeys in the middle Magdalena valley-Colombia.Columns:Site: name of the location; Geopolitical location in Colombia: location in Colombia; Fragment/locations: if the fragment has an ID; Size: fragment size; King: density calculated by the King methodReferencesAldana, A. M., Beltrán, M., Torres-Neira, J., & Stevenson, P. R. (2008). Habitat characterization and population density of brown spider monkeys (Ateles hybridus) in Magdalena Valley, Colombia. Neotropical Primates, 15(2), 46-50.Alfonso, F. A. (2009). Descripción de la densidad poblacional y caracterización preliminar de las estrategias ecológicas de Ateles hybridus en dos fragmentos de bosque en San Juan, Departamento de Santander, Colombia [tesis de pregrado]. Bogotá, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana.Bernstein, I. S., Balcaen, P., Dresdale, L., Gouzoules, H., Kavanagh, M., Patterson, T., & Neyman-Warner, P. (1976). Differential effects of forest degradation on primate populations. Primates, 17, 401-411.Camacho-Durán, M. J. (2021). ¿Cómo conectar los monos en un paisaje ganadero?: priorización de áreas para incrementar la conectividad del hábitat de cuatro especies de primates presentes en el Magdalena Medio, Colombia. Recuperado de: http://hdl.handle.net/10554/54493.Chaves, E. A., Jara, P., & Link A. 2019. BIODIVERSIDAD EN LA HACIENDA ANTARES: Explorando los últimos bosques del magdalena medio “conocer para conservar”. (fase 1: mamíferos medianos y grandes – cámaras trampa 2019 - 2020). Proyecto Primates – Universidad de los Andes.de Luna, A. G., & Link, A. (2015) Conservación del mono araña café por fuera de áreas protegidas. In: Payán E, Lasso CA, Castaño-Uribe C (eds) I. Conservación de grandes vertebrados en áreas no protegidas de Colombia, Venezuela y Brasil., Serie Edit. Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt (IAvH), Bogotá, pp 275–293de Luna, G., & Link A. (2018). Distribution, population density and conservation of the critically endangered brown spider monkey (Ateles hybridus) and other primates of the inter‑Andean forests of Colombia. Bio and Cons. doi.org/10.1007/s10531-018-1611-1Green, K. M. (1978). Primate censusing in northern Colombia: a comparison of two techniques. Primates, 19, 537-550.Orrego-Lopez. 2015. Abundancia y composición de grupo de los primates Ateles hybridus brunneus y Alouatta seniculus en el sector La Vega, Parque Nacional Natural Selva de Florencia, Caldas. Trabajo de grado- Universidad de Santa Rosa de Cabal.