The population density of Spain maintained a steadily at a rate of over 92 inhabitants per square kilometers in the last decade, with the latest figures revealing a density of 95 people per square kilometer in 2022. Spain’s degree of urbanization is rather high, with levels reaching over 81 percent of urbanization in the country. Andalusia, with a total number of 8.6 million inhabitants, ranked first on the list of most populous autonomous communities in Spain.

Population density: a world of contrast

Spain is far from the European Union’s average population density, which stood at approximately 111.89 people per square kilometer in 2021, that is, a difference of over 17 people per square meter below the average. Monaco, the country with the highest population density in the world, featured about 24,621 inhabitants per square kilometer, making Spain’s population density look minimal. The results in Macao were very similar, with a population density that reached over 21,000 people per square kilometer.

The re-population of a country

The population of Spain declined for many years during the economic recession, returning to a positive trend after 2015. The Spanish population is projected to increase by nearly two million by 2028 compared to 2024. Despite this expected increase, Spain has one of the lowest fertility rate in the European Union, with barely 1.29 children per woman according to the latest reports.

Spain ES: Population Density: People per Square Km data was reported at 93.105 Person/sq km in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 92.929 Person/sq km for 2016. Spain ES: Population Density: People per Square Km data is updated yearly, averaging 77.743 Person/sq km from Dec 1961 (Median) to 2017, with 57 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 93.508 Person/sq km in 2011 and a record low of 61.506 Person/sq km in 1961. Spain ES: Population Density: People per Square Km data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Spain – Table ES.World Bank.WDI: Population and Urbanization Statistics. Population density is midyear population divided by land area in square kilometers. Population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship--except for refugees not permanently settled in the country of asylum, who are generally considered part of the population of their country of origin. Land area is a country's total area, excluding area under inland water bodies, national claims to continental shelf, and exclusive economic zones. In most cases the definition of inland water bodies includes major rivers and lakes.; ; Food and Agriculture Organization and World Bank population estimates.; Weighted average;

Population density (people per sq. km of land area) in Spain was reported at 95.63 sq. Km in 2022, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Spain - Population density (people per sq. km) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on July of 2025.

Spain: Population density, in people per sq. mile: The latest value from is people per sq. mile, unavailable from people per sq. mile in . In comparison, the world average is 0 people per sq. mile, based on data from countries. Historically, the average for Spain from to is people per sq. mile. The minimum value, people per sq. mile, was reached in while the maximum of people per sq. mile was recorded in .

As of January 2025, Andalusia was the most populated autonomous community in Spain, with a total amount of approximately 8.6 million inhabitants. Catalonia and Madrid followed closely, with populations amounting to approximately eight million and seven million respectively. The population in Spain has also been analyzed by gender and autonomous community.

Dataset

This dataset was created by Francisco Aguilera

Contents

It contains the following files:

Spain is gradually becoming older, or so it seems when looking at the latest studies which forecast that the average Spaniard would be 51.79 years old by the year 2050. The Mediterranean country featured a median age of 26.48 years old in 1950, but this trend shifted towards a steady aging of the Spanish population in the subsequent years. Spain’s median age was approximately 44 years in 2020. Aging: a common problem across the continent Data related to age in the Mediterranean country essentially behaves similarly to the rest of its European counterparts, whose population is also slowly but surely getting older. This will not come as a surprise since Spain has one of the highest life expectancies at birth in the world and the lowest European fertility rate, which stood at 1.29 children per woman according to the latest reports. Older, but growing population Despite its aging, the population of Spain has been growing for the past couple of years and is expected to surpass 49 million residents by 2026, mainly due to immigration. During the last ten years, the country featured a continuous population density of approximately 95 inhabitants per square kilometer – a figure far from the European average, which stood nearly at 112 inhabitants per square kilometer in 2021.

Comprehensive socio-economic dataset for Spain including population demographics, economic indicators, geographic data, and social statistics. This dataset covers key metrics such as GDP, population density, area, capital city, and regional classifications.

The autonomous Community of Madrid was Spain’s third most populous region. In 2024, of the approximately ******************** residing in the Community of Madrid, the largest age group comprised individuals aged 45–49 years, totaling up to over ******* inhabitants. In contrast, the smallest age group was that of people aged over 90 years old, which amounted to only about 91,000 inhabitants in Madrid in that year. Spain’s fertility rate, the lowest in Europe Spain has one of the lowest fertility rates in the European Union, with barely **** children per woman, according to the latest reports. During the last ten years, the country featured a continuous population density of approximately 93–95 inhabitants per square kilometer – a figure far from the European average, which stood nearly at 112 inhabitants per square kilometer in 2021. Population in Madrid The population in the Community of Madrid soared between the 1990s and 2010, growing from 5 to nearly 6.5 million inhabitants in about 15 years, as it became an attractive destination for both national and foreign immigrants. Nevertheless, the Spanish financial crisis led many foreigners to move out of the region, and the number of foreign nationals fell from over *********** in 2009 to approximately ******* in 2017. By 2024, this figure had recovered and was over the numbers registered before the crisis. As of 2022, the most common foreign nationalities in the Community of Madrid were Romanian, Moroccan and Venezuelan. Together, inhabitants from these countries totaled roughly *******.

This dataset consists of a .zip folder containing all data files and R code for reproducing the spatial mark-resight with incomplete identification (gen-SMR-ID) analyses to estimate red fox population density and abundance in two places of Ciudad Real (Spain): La Nava and Los Pilones, and a separate dataset and R-code to test the new model using distance sampling in La Nava.

countries capital city Port of Spain. name, long name, population (source), population, constitutional form, drives on, head of state authority, Main continent, number of airports, Airports - with paved runways, Airports - with unpaved runways, Area, Birth rate, calling code, Children under the age of 5 years underweight, Current Account Balance, Death rate, Debt - external, Economic aid donor, Electricity consumption, Electricity consumption per capita, Electricity exports, Electricity imports, Electricity production, Exports, GDP - per capita (PPP), GDP (purchasing power parity), GDP real growth rate, Gross national income, Human Development Index, Health expenditures, Heliports, HIV AIDS adult prevalence rate, HIV AIDS deaths, HIV AIDS people living with HIV AIDS, Hospital bed density, capital city, Currency, Imports, Industrial production growth rate, Infant mortality rate, Inflation rate consumer prices, Internet hosts, internet tld, Internet users, Investment (gross fixed), iso 3166 code, ISO CODE, Labor force, Life expectancy at birth, Literacy, Manpower available for military service, Manpower fit for military service, Manpower reaching militarily age annually, is democracy, Market value of publicly traded shares, Maternal mortality rate, Merchant marine, Military expenditures percent of GDP, Natural gas consumption, Natural gas consumption per capita, Natural gas exports, Natural gas imports, Natural gas production, Natural gas proved reserves, Net migration rate, Obesity adult prevalence rate, Oil consumption, Oil consumption per capita, Oil exports, Oil imports, Oil production, Oil proved reserves, Physicians density, Population below poverty line, Population census, Population density, Population estimate, Population growth rate, Public debt, Railways, Reserves of foreign exchange and gold, Roadways, Stock of direct foreign investment abroad, Stock of direct foreign investment at home, Telephones main lines in use, Telephones main lines in use per capita, Telephones mobile cellular, Telephones mobile cellular per capita, Total fertility rate, Unemployment rate, Unemployment, youth ages 15-24, Waterways, valley, helicopter, canyon, artillery, crater, religion, continent, border, Plateau, marsh, Demonym

According to the most recent data, more people died in Spain than were born in 2024, with figures reaching over 439,000 deaths versus 322,034 newborns. From 2006 to 2024, 2008 ranked as the year in which the largest number of children were born, with figures reaching over half a million newborns. The depopulation of a country The population of Spain declined for many years, a negative trend reverted from 2016 onwards, and was projected to grow by nearly two million by 2029 compared to 2024. Despite this expected increase, Spain has one of the lowest fertility rate in the European Union, with barely 1.29 children per woman according to the latest reports. During the last years, the country featured a continuous population density of approximately 94 inhabitants per square kilometer – a figure far from the European average, which stood nearly at nearly 112 inhabitants per square kilometer in 2021. Migration inflow: an essential role in the Spanish population growth One of the key points to balance out the population trend in Spain is immigration – Spain’s immigration figures finally started to pick up in 2015 after a downward trend that presumably initiated after the 2008 financial crisis, which left Spain with one of the highest unemployment rates in Europe.

Synthetic populations for regions of the World (SPW) | Spain

Dataset information

A synthetic population of a region as provided here, captures the people of the region with selected demographic attributes, their organization into households, their assigned activities for a day, the locations where the activities take place and thus where interactions among population members happen (e.g., spread of epidemics).

License

CC-BY-4.0

Acknowledgment

This project was supported by the National Science Foundation under the NSF RAPID: COVID-19 Response Support: Building Synthetic Multi-scale Networks (PI: Madhav Marathe, Co-PIs: Henning Mortveit, Srinivasan Venkatramanan; Fund Number: OAC-2027541).

Contact information

Henning.Mortveit@virginia.edu

Identifiers

Statistics

Sources

Files description

Base data files (esp_data_v_0_9.zip)

Derived data files

Validation and measures files

Comprehensive socio-economic dataset for Trinidad and Tobago including population demographics, economic indicators, geographic data, and social statistics. This dataset covers key metrics such as GDP, population density, area, capital city, and regional classifications.

Estimates of population density of A. scirpaceus and A. arundinaceus according to available and suitable habitat in Madrid province, central Spain.

Results of model 1 for the response variable FN content and the covariates NDVI in spring-summer, population density and calves/hind ratio.

In 2023, there were approximately ** registered dentists per 100,000 inhabitants in Spain. By autonomous community, Madrid had the highest density, with ****** dentists per 100,000 population. Asturias followed, with around ** professionals per 100,000 population.

In this work, we analyse factors explaining the distribution and range regression of Dupont’s lark in Spain, the only European country in which this threatened alaudid is present. Dupont’s lark is an extremely elusive and scarce species, distributed across a reduced and strongly fragmented range, showing a metapopulational structure with unknown dispersive and connective mechanisms. We used maximum entropy modelling (Maxent) on nearly 15,000 Dupont’s lark observations (1985–2015) to assess the probability of presence at a 1 km resolution across its European range. Moreover, we tested the probability of extinction by comparing pre- and post-2000 observations by means of a GLM over a subset of cells with presence-absence data. We obtained strong model fitting (AUC = 0.919), in which species occurrence was explained by low values of plant productivity (NDVI), climate (high temperature range and medium annual precipitation), land use (increasing with sclerophyllous scrubland), flat topography and human disturbance (associated with low human population density). The species also tolerates dry farming, but not other farm types or forest cover. The probability map identified two main regions known as the species' core areas: the steppes of the Iberian System and the Ebro Valley. The North Plateau is characterised by a dispersed structure of small and very fragmented patches of suitable habitat, while a succession of discontinuous probability patches form an Eastern Corridor connecting the central core areas to the southernmost populations. Finally, the model identified small and isolated patches of high probability of presence along the eastern coastline. The species tends to occur in the best available areas but, at the same time, the model revealed a large area of suitable but unoccupied habitat. Our results correct the previous estimation of occupation area from 1,480 to 1,010.78 km2, a reduction of 26.22%. The current distribution of Dupont’s lark is almost completely covered by Important Bird Areas (IBAs), highlighting their importance for bird conservation, but only 44.89% is included in Natura 2000 Special Protection Areas (SPAs). A comparison of pre- and post-2000 periods revealed a range contraction of 44%. Probability of extinction increased with higher temperature range and lower annual precipitation, and with decreases in population density, which suggests that this species is extremely vulnerable to both climate change and rural abandonment, due to its dependence on traditional grazing. These results suggest the need for a re-evaluation of the conservation status of Dupont’s lark in Spain. They urge the preservation of not only current extant populations, but also the unoccupied suitable areas that could be critical for metapopulation structure, and the development of policies addressing the preservation of traditional grazing.

IntroductionThe presence of a diagnosis by a general practitioner is a major reason for the use of antidepressant (ADs). However, the simultaneous analysis of several and interrelated socioeconomic and demographic factors could provide a picture of the distribution of AD use in a given population across diverse geographical regions and socioeconomic backgrounds. The aim of the present study was to provide a picture of the trends in the consumption of ADs at the provincial, island and municipal levels for the period 2016–2021 in the Canary Islands (Spain), as an example of a geographically isolated area. To this end, several factors were analyzed, such as living in a rural or urban area, the population over 65 years of age, the population density or the socioeconomic status.MethodsData were extracted from the community pharmacy wholesaler at the population level. A model with two nested fixed factors and a co-variable were used to analyze the trends in the use of ADs and the factors associated. Dispensation ADs use was measured as defined daily doses (DDD) per 1000 inhabitant per day. This provided total overall dispensation of AD and its rate of change for each island, as well as differences in dispensation at the island and municipal level.ResultsOver the study period, prescription rates increased steadily at all population levels, although the level of dispensing and the rate of variation varied between island and municipalities but no between provinces. The data on the use of ADs at the level of the province and islands are more accurate because they include the entire population that is resident in that zone. At the municipal level, there is a bias, but it is difficult to quantify. The prescription patterns at municipal level were similar to those observed at island level, although with small variations in the dispensation level. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) were the most commonly used, followed by “other ADs,” whereas the use of tricyclic ADs remained stable. 1n addition, all AD drugs are equally available regardless of the geographical area of residence or socio-economic status although the type of AD and ranking varied slightly between islands due to the differences in general medical practice.ConclusionThe observed differences in ADs use between rural and urban areas cannot be attributed to the factors of urbanization, population age, population density and socioeconomic status. However, the medical practices, the social and cultural traditions of each island, may provide insights into the underlying reasons for this variation.

We show the AICc values, ΔAICc and Akaike weights of each supported model. Lower bold line: model-averaged coefficients from the multimodel GLM with wildcat density as a response variable and olive crop cover and precipitation as predictors. We show parameter estimates and their standard errors, and the Z values.