About this dataset

Context

The dataset tabulates the Key West population distribution across 18 age groups. It lists the population in each age group along with the percentage population relative of the total population for Key West. The dataset can be utilized to understand the population distribution of Key West by age. For example, using this dataset, we can identify the largest age group in Key West.

Key observations

The largest age group in Key West, FL was for the group of age 55 to 59 years years with a population of 2,338 (8.97%), according to the ACS 2018-2022 5-Year Estimates. At the same time, the smallest age group in Key West, FL was the 85 years and over years with a population of 536 (2.06%). Source: U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS) 2018-2022 5-Year Estimates

Content

When available, the data consists of estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS) 2018-2022 5-Year Estimates

Age groups:

• Under 5 years
• 5 to 9 years
• 10 to 14 years
• 15 to 19 years
• 20 to 24 years
• 25 to 29 years
• 30 to 34 years
• 35 to 39 years
• 40 to 44 years
• 45 to 49 years
• 50 to 54 years
• 55 to 59 years
• 60 to 64 years
• 65 to 69 years
• 70 to 74 years
• 75 to 79 years
• 80 to 84 years
• 85 years and over

Variables / Data Columns

• Age Group: This column displays the age group in consideration
• Population: The population for the specific age group in the Key West is shown in this column.
• % of Total Population: This column displays the population of each age group as a proportion of Key West total population. Please note that the sum of all percentages may not equal one due to rounding of values.

Good to know

Margin of Error

Data in the dataset are based on the estimates and are subject to sampling variability and thus a margin of error. Neilsberg Research recommends using caution when presening these estimates in your research.

Custom data

If you do need custom data for any of your research project, report or presentation, you can contact our research staff at research@neilsberg.com for a feasibility of a custom tabulation on a fee-for-service basis.

Inspiration

Neilsberg Research Team curates, analyze and publishes demographics and economic data from a variety of public and proprietary sources, each of which often includes multiple surveys and programs. The large majority of Neilsberg Research aggregated datasets and insights is made available for free download at https://www.neilsberg.com/research/.

Recommended for further research

This dataset is a part of the main dataset for Key West Population by Age. You can refer the same here

This dataset includes population demographic data associated with bicolor damselfish (Stegastes partitus) that were collected from coral reef habitats at Pulley Ridge in the Gulf of Mexico, and the Florida Keys. The information includes individual fish data: lengths, weights, estimated fecundity, measurements of oocyte area, indices of spawning, otolith-derived ages, maturity, and fish densities derived from visual transects.

This record refers to ongoing population surveys of corallivorous snail, C. abbreviata, and two of its coral hosts, Acropora palmata, and Montastraea spp at six reef sites (three open and three in no-take zones) in the upper Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary. Surveys are conducted annually in Apr-May. A set number of colonies of each host is searched for snails. Each colony is measured and condition is noted (percent live tissue cover as well as incidence of disease or other conditions). All snails are enumerated, measured, and then returned to the colony on which they were found.

About this dataset

Context

The dataset tabulates the Key West population over the last 20 plus years. It lists the population for each year, along with the year on year change in population, as well as the change in percentage terms for each year. The dataset can be utilized to understand the population change of Key West across the last two decades. For example, using this dataset, we can identify if the population is declining or increasing. If there is a change, when the population peaked, or if it is still growing and has not reached its peak. We can also compare the trend with the overall trend of United States population over the same period of time.

Key observations

In 2023, the population of Key West was 25,103, a 1.81% decrease year-by-year from 2022. Previously, in 2022, Key West population was 25,566, a decline of 1.60% compared to a population of 25,981 in 2021. Over the last 20 plus years, between 2000 and 2023, population of Key West decreased by 322. In this period, the peak population was 26,360 in the year 2020. The numbers suggest that the population has already reached its peak and is showing a trend of decline. Source: U.S. Census Bureau Population Estimates Program (PEP).

Content

When available, the data consists of estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau Population Estimates Program (PEP).

Data Coverage:

• From 2000 to 2023

Variables / Data Columns

• Year: This column displays the data year (Measured annually and for years 2000 to 2023)
• Population: The population for the specific year for the Key West is shown in this column.
• Year on Year Change: This column displays the change in Key West population for each year compared to the previous year.
• Change in Percent: This column displays the year on year change as a percentage. Please note that the sum of all percentages may not equal one due to rounding of values.

Good to know

Margin of Error

Data in the dataset are based on the estimates and are subject to sampling variability and thus a margin of error. Neilsberg Research recommends using caution when presening these estimates in your research.

Custom data

If you do need custom data for any of your research project, report or presentation, you can contact our research staff at research@neilsberg.com for a feasibility of a custom tabulation on a fee-for-service basis.

Inspiration

Neilsberg Research Team curates, analyze and publishes demographics and economic data from a variety of public and proprietary sources, each of which often includes multiple surveys and programs. The large majority of Neilsberg Research aggregated datasets and insights is made available for free download at https://www.neilsberg.com/research/.

Recommended for further research

This dataset is a part of the main dataset for Key West Population by Year. You can refer the same here

In 1998, the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission's (FWC) Fisheries Independent Monitoring (FIM) program began a long-term monitoring effort of key reef fish populations in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary. This effort was aimed at evaluating the relative abundance, size structure, and habitat utilization of specific reef fish species that are targeted by commercial and recreational fisheries.

Evaluating genetic diversity of seagrasses provides insight into reproductive mode and adaptation potential, and is therefore integral to broader conservation strategies for coastal ecosystems. In this study, we assessed genetic diversity, population structure and gene flow in an opportunistic seagrass, Syringodium filiforme, in the Florida Keys and subtropical Atlantic region. We used microsatellite markers to analyze 20 populations throughout the Florida Keys, South Florida, Bermuda and the Bahamas primarily to understand how genetic diversity of S. filiforme partitions across the Florida Keys archipelago. We found low allelic diversity within populations, detecting 35–106 alleles across all populations, and in some instances moderately high clonal diversity (R = 0.04–0.62). There was significant genetic differentiation between Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico (Gulf) populations (FST = 0.109 ± 0.027, p-value = 0.001) and evidence of population structure based on cluster assignment, dividing the region into two major genetic demes. We observed asymmetric patterns in gene flow, with a few instances in which there was higher than expected gene flow from Atlantic to Gulf populations. In South Florida, clustering into Gulf and Atlantic groups indicate dispersal in S. filiforme may be limited by historical or contemporary geographic and hydrologic barriers, though genetic admixture between populations suggests exchange may occur between narrow channels in the Florida Keys, or has occurred through other mechanisms in recent evolutionary history, maintaining regional connectivity. The variable genotypic diversity, low genetic diversity and evidence of population structure observed in populations of S. filiforme resemble the population genetics expected for a colonizer species.

Caribbean acroporid species have undergone extreme declines in abundance since the 1980s. Population-level recovery will depend on re-colonization by juveniles (fragments or sexual recruits), which are particularly vulnerable to threats such as predation and disease. Demographic monitoring of juvenile Acropora cervicornis and A. palmata colonies was undertaken in the Florida Keys (USA) to determine the fate of various initial colony conditions as expressed by growth and survivorship over an 18 month study. Both healthy colonies and those with signs of recent predation or disease were selected at several sites, measured, photographed and reassessed periodically between summer 2002 and winter 2003-04. Most A. palmata colonies (72%) that were initially healthy were still healthy at the study's conclusion. Snail (Coralliophila abbreviata) predation resulted in partial mortality which decreased growth for A. palmata. Snail-infested colonies tended to retain snails for several months to a year. White-band disease affected several colonies throughout the survey but did not result in complete mortality of any tagged colonies. Only half of the initially healthy A. cervicornis colonies remained healthy, while 38% lost substantial tissue or died of a rapidly progressing disease of unknown etiology. Predation by the fireworm Hermodice carunculata was extremely common. Although it was associated with relatively little live tissue loss, it is postulated to have profound effects on growth since it feeds selectively on the growing tips. Regardless of initial condition, A. cervicornis lost substantial tissue more often than A. palmata suggesting that A. cervicornis may be even more imperiled than its congener.

In 1998, the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission's (FWC) Fisheries Independent Monitoring (FIM) program began a long-term monitoring effort of key reef fish populations in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary. This effort was aimed at evaluating the relative abundance, size structure, and habitat utilization of specific reef fish species that are targeted by commercial and recreational fisheries.; Smith,S.G., et al. 2011,Multispecies survey design for assessing reef-fish stocks, spatially explicit management performance, and ecosystem condition. Fisheries Research 109(2011)25-41; Brandt,M.E., et. al. 2009,A Cooperative Multi-agency Reef Fish Monitoring Protocol for the Florida Keys Coral Reef Ecosystem. Retrieve from http://www.coris.noaa.gov/activities/fish_monitoring_protocol/

In 1998, the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission's (FWC) Fisheries Independent Monitoring (FIM) program began a long-term monitoring effort of key reef fish populations in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary. This effort was aimed at evaluating the relative abundance, size structure, and habitat utilization of specific reef fish species that are targeted by commercial and recreational fisheries.; Smith,S.G., et al. 2011,Multispecies survey design for assessing reef-fish stocks, spatially explicit management performance, and ecosystem condition. Fisheries Research 109(2011)25-41; Brandt,M.E., et. al. 2009,A Cooperative Multi-agency Reef Fish Monitoring Protocol for the Florida Keys Coral Reef Ecosystem. Retrieve from http://www.coris.noaa.gov/activities/fish_monitoring_protocol/

About this dataset

Context

The dataset tabulates the Key Biscayne population over the last 20 plus years. It lists the population for each year, along with the year on year change in population, as well as the change in percentage terms for each year. The dataset can be utilized to understand the population change of Key Biscayne across the last two decades. For example, using this dataset, we can identify if the population is declining or increasing. If there is a change, when the population peaked, or if it is still growing and has not reached its peak. We can also compare the trend with the overall trend of United States population over the same period of time.

Key observations

In 2023, the population of Key Biscayne was 14,414, a 0.12% decrease year-by-year from 2022. Previously, in 2022, Key Biscayne population was 14,431, a decline of 0.64% compared to a population of 14,524 in 2021. Over the last 20 plus years, between 2000 and 2023, population of Key Biscayne increased by 3,932. In this period, the peak population was 14,745 in the year 2020. The numbers suggest that the population has already reached its peak and is showing a trend of decline. Source: U.S. Census Bureau Population Estimates Program (PEP).

Content

When available, the data consists of estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau Population Estimates Program (PEP).

Data Coverage:

• From 2000 to 2023

Variables / Data Columns

• Year: This column displays the data year (Measured annually and for years 2000 to 2023)
• Population: The population for the specific year for the Key Biscayne is shown in this column.
• Year on Year Change: This column displays the change in Key Biscayne population for each year compared to the previous year.
• Change in Percent: This column displays the year on year change as a percentage. Please note that the sum of all percentages may not equal one due to rounding of values.

Good to know

Margin of Error

Data in the dataset are based on the estimates and are subject to sampling variability and thus a margin of error. Neilsberg Research recommends using caution when presening these estimates in your research.

Custom data

If you do need custom data for any of your research project, report or presentation, you can contact our research staff at research@neilsberg.com for a feasibility of a custom tabulation on a fee-for-service basis.

Inspiration

Neilsberg Research Team curates, analyze and publishes demographics and economic data from a variety of public and proprietary sources, each of which often includes multiple surveys and programs. The large majority of Neilsberg Research aggregated datasets and insights is made available for free download at https://www.neilsberg.com/research/.

Recommended for further research

This dataset is a part of the main dataset for Key Biscayne Population by Year. You can refer the same here

About this dataset

Context

The dataset tabulates the Cedar Key population over the last 20 plus years. It lists the population for each year, along with the year on year change in population, as well as the change in percentage terms for each year. The dataset can be utilized to understand the population change of Cedar Key across the last two decades. For example, using this dataset, we can identify if the population is declining or increasing. If there is a change, when the population peaked, or if it is still growing and has not reached its peak. We can also compare the trend with the overall trend of United States population over the same period of time.

Key observations

In 2023, the population of Cedar Key was 732, a 1.67% increase year-by-year from 2022. Previously, in 2022, Cedar Key population was 720, an increase of 2.27% compared to a population of 704 in 2021. Over the last 20 plus years, between 2000 and 2023, population of Cedar Key decreased by 51. In this period, the peak population was 947 in the year 2008. The numbers suggest that the population has already reached its peak and is showing a trend of decline. Source: U.S. Census Bureau Population Estimates Program (PEP).

Content

When available, the data consists of estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau Population Estimates Program (PEP).

Data Coverage:

• From 2000 to 2023

Variables / Data Columns

• Year: This column displays the data year (Measured annually and for years 2000 to 2023)
• Population: The population for the specific year for the Cedar Key is shown in this column.
• Year on Year Change: This column displays the change in Cedar Key population for each year compared to the previous year.
• Change in Percent: This column displays the year on year change as a percentage. Please note that the sum of all percentages may not equal one due to rounding of values.

Good to know

Margin of Error

Data in the dataset are based on the estimates and are subject to sampling variability and thus a margin of error. Neilsberg Research recommends using caution when presening these estimates in your research.

Custom data

If you do need custom data for any of your research project, report or presentation, you can contact our research staff at research@neilsberg.com for a feasibility of a custom tabulation on a fee-for-service basis.

Inspiration

Neilsberg Research Team curates, analyze and publishes demographics and economic data from a variety of public and proprietary sources, each of which often includes multiple surveys and programs. The large majority of Neilsberg Research aggregated datasets and insights is made available for free download at https://www.neilsberg.com/research/.

Recommended for further research

This dataset is a part of the main dataset for Cedar Key Population by Year. You can refer the same here

Summary genetic statistics for all populations.

In 1998, the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission's (FWC) Fisheries Independent Monitoring (FIM) program began a long-term monitoring effort of key reef fish populations in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary. This effort was aimed at evaluating the relative abundance, size structure, and habitat utilization of specific reef fish species that are targeted by commercial and recreational fisheries.; Smith,S.G., et al. 2011,Multispecies survey design for assessing reef-fish stocks, spatially explicit management performance, and ecosystem condition. Fisheries Research 109(2011)25-41; Brandt,M.E., et. al. 2009,A Cooperative Multi-agency Reef Fish Monitoring Protocol for the Florida Keys Coral Reef Ecosystem. Retrieve from http://www.coris.noaa.gov/activities/fish_monitoring_protocol/

About this dataset

Context

The dataset tabulates the Key Colony Beach population over the last 20 plus years. It lists the population for each year, along with the year on year change in population, as well as the change in percentage terms for each year. The dataset can be utilized to understand the population change of Key Colony Beach across the last two decades. For example, using this dataset, we can identify if the population is declining or increasing. If there is a change, when the population peaked, or if it is still growing and has not reached its peak. We can also compare the trend with the overall trend of United States population over the same period of time.

Key observations

In 2023, the population of Key Colony Beach was 756, a 1.82% decrease year-by-year from 2022. Previously, in 2022, Key Colony Beach population was 770, a decline of 1.03% compared to a population of 778 in 2021. Over the last 20 plus years, between 2000 and 2023, population of Key Colony Beach decreased by 38. In this period, the peak population was 834 in the year 2015. The numbers suggest that the population has already reached its peak and is showing a trend of decline. Source: U.S. Census Bureau Population Estimates Program (PEP).

Content

When available, the data consists of estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau Population Estimates Program (PEP).

Data Coverage:

• From 2000 to 2023

Variables / Data Columns

• Year: This column displays the data year (Measured annually and for years 2000 to 2023)
• Population: The population for the specific year for the Key Colony Beach is shown in this column.
• Year on Year Change: This column displays the change in Key Colony Beach population for each year compared to the previous year.
• Change in Percent: This column displays the year on year change as a percentage. Please note that the sum of all percentages may not equal one due to rounding of values.

Good to know

Margin of Error

Data in the dataset are based on the estimates and are subject to sampling variability and thus a margin of error. Neilsberg Research recommends using caution when presening these estimates in your research.

Custom data

If you do need custom data for any of your research project, report or presentation, you can contact our research staff at research@neilsberg.com for a feasibility of a custom tabulation on a fee-for-service basis.

Inspiration

Neilsberg Research Team curates, analyze and publishes demographics and economic data from a variety of public and proprietary sources, each of which often includes multiple surveys and programs. The large majority of Neilsberg Research aggregated datasets and insights is made available for free download at https://www.neilsberg.com/research/.

Recommended for further research

This dataset is a part of the main dataset for Key Colony Beach Population by Year. You can refer the same here

About this dataset

Context

The dataset tabulates the Florida population over the last 20 plus years. It lists the population for each year, along with the year on year change in population, as well as the change in percentage terms for each year. The dataset can be utilized to understand the population change of Florida across the last two decades. For example, using this dataset, we can identify if the population is declining or increasing. If there is a change, when the population peaked, or if it is still growing and has not reached its peak. We can also compare the trend with the overall trend of United States population over the same period of time.

Key observations

In 2022, the population of Florida was 22,244,823, a 1.91% increase year-by-year from 2021. Previously, in 2021, Florida population was 21,828,069, an increase of 1.10% compared to a population of 21,589,602 in 2020. Over the last 20 plus years, between 2000 and 2022, population of Florida increased by 6,198,675. In this period, the peak population was 22,244,823 in the year 2022. The numbers suggest that the population has not reached its peak yet and is showing a trend of further growth. Source: U.S. Census Bureau Population Estimates Program (PEP).

Content

When available, the data consists of estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau Population Estimates Program (PEP).

Data Coverage:

• From 2000 to 2022

Variables / Data Columns

• Year: This column displays the data year (Measured annually and for years 2000 to 2022)
• Population: The population for the specific year for the Florida is shown in this column.
• Year on Year Change: This column displays the change in Florida population for each year compared to the previous year.
• Change in Percent: This column displays the year on year change as a percentage. Please note that the sum of all percentages may not equal one due to rounding of values.

Good to know

Margin of Error

Data in the dataset are based on the estimates and are subject to sampling variability and thus a margin of error. Neilsberg Research recommends using caution when presening these estimates in your research.

Custom data

If you do need custom data for any of your research project, report or presentation, you can contact our research staff at research@neilsberg.com for a feasibility of a custom tabulation on a fee-for-service basis.

Inspiration

Neilsberg Research Team curates, analyze and publishes demographics and economic data from a variety of public and proprietary sources, each of which often includes multiple surveys and programs. The large majority of Neilsberg Research aggregated datasets and insights is made available for free download at https://www.neilsberg.com/research/.

Recommended for further research

This dataset is a part of the main dataset for Florida Population by Year. You can refer the same here

About this dataset

Context

The dataset tabulates the Longboat Key population over the last 20 plus years. It lists the population for each year, along with the year on year change in population, as well as the change in percentage terms for each year. The dataset can be utilized to understand the population change of Longboat Key across the last two decades. For example, using this dataset, we can identify if the population is declining or increasing. If there is a change, when the population peaked, or if it is still growing and has not reached its peak. We can also compare the trend with the overall trend of United States population over the same period of time.

Key observations

In 2023, the population of Longboat Key was 7,488, a 1.19% decrease year-by-year from 2022. Previously, in 2022, Longboat Key population was 7,578, an increase of 0.07% compared to a population of 7,573 in 2021. Over the last 20 plus years, between 2000 and 2023, population of Longboat Key decreased by 127. In this period, the peak population was 7,641 in the year 2001. The numbers suggest that the population has already reached its peak and is showing a trend of decline. Source: U.S. Census Bureau Population Estimates Program (PEP).

Content

When available, the data consists of estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau Population Estimates Program (PEP).

Data Coverage:

• From 2000 to 2023

Variables / Data Columns

• Year: This column displays the data year (Measured annually and for years 2000 to 2023)
• Population: The population for the specific year for the Longboat Key is shown in this column.
• Year on Year Change: This column displays the change in Longboat Key population for each year compared to the previous year.
• Change in Percent: This column displays the year on year change as a percentage. Please note that the sum of all percentages may not equal one due to rounding of values.

Good to know

Margin of Error

Data in the dataset are based on the estimates and are subject to sampling variability and thus a margin of error. Neilsberg Research recommends using caution when presening these estimates in your research.

Custom data

If you do need custom data for any of your research project, report or presentation, you can contact our research staff at research@neilsberg.com for a feasibility of a custom tabulation on a fee-for-service basis.

Inspiration

Neilsberg Research Team curates, analyze and publishes demographics and economic data from a variety of public and proprietary sources, each of which often includes multiple surveys and programs. The large majority of Neilsberg Research aggregated datasets and insights is made available for free download at https://www.neilsberg.com/research/.

Recommended for further research

This dataset is a part of the main dataset for Longboat Key Population by Year. You can refer the same here

Elevation was calculated from LIDAR data provided by Zhang (unpublished); means ±1 S.E. are presented.∧Indicates privately owned land; all other sites are public lands.*We did not receive permission to survey this private property in this year. Note that KL population is P. bahamensis, while the others are P. robinii. NS = Not Surveyed.

In 1998, the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission's (FWC) Fisheries Independent Monitoring (FIM) program began a long-term monitoring effort of key reef fish populations in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary. This effort was aimed at evaluating the relative abundance, size structure, and habitat utilization of specific reef fish species that are targeted by commercial and recreational fisheries.; Smith,S.G., et al. 2011,Multispecies survey design for assessing reef-fish stocks, spatially explicit management performance, and ecosystem condition. Fisheries Research 109(2011)25-41; Brandt,M.E., et. al. 2009,A Cooperative Multi-agency Reef Fish Monitoring Protocol for the Florida Keys Coral Reef Ecosystem. Retrieve from http://www.coris.noaa.gov/activities/fish_monitoring_protocol/

In 1998, the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission's (FWC) Fisheries Independent Monitoring (FIM) program began a long-term monitoring effort of key reef fish populations in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary. This effort was aimed at evaluating the relative abundance, size structure, and habitat utilization of specific reef fish species that are targeted by commercial and recreational fisheries.; Smith,S.G., et al. 2011,Multispecies survey design for assessing reef-fish stocks, spatially explicit management performance, and ecosystem condition. Fisheries Research 109(2011)25-41; Brandt,M.E., et. al. 2009,A Cooperative Multi-agency Reef Fish Monitoring Protocol for the Florida Keys Coral Reef Ecosystem. Retrieve from http://www.coris.noaa.gov/activities/fish_monitoring_protocol/

Significant population declines in Acropora cervicornis and A. palmata began in the 1970s and now exceed over 90%. The losses were caused by a combination of coral disease and bleaching, with possible contributions from other stressors, including pollution and predation. Reproduction in the wild by fragment regeneration and sexual recruitment is inadequate to offset population declines. Starting in 2007, the Coral Restoration Foundation™ evaluated the feasibility of outplanting A. cervicornis colonies to reefs in the Florida Keys to restore populations at sites where the species was previously abundant. Reported here are the results of 20 coral outplanting projects with each project defined as a cohort of colonies outplanted at the same time and location. Photogrammetric analysis and in situ monitoring (2007 to 2015) measured survivorship, growth, and condition of 2419 colonies. Survivorship was initially high but generally decreased after two years. Survivorship among projects based on colony counts ranged from 4% to 89% for seven cohorts monitored at least five years. Weibull survival models were used to estimate survivorship beyond the duration of the projects and ranged from approximately 0% to over 35% after five years and 0% to 10% after seven years. Growth rate averaged 10 cm/year during the first two years then plateaued in subsequent years. After four years, approximately one-third of surviving colonies were ≥ 50 cm in maximum diameter. Projects used three to sixteen different genotypes and significant differences did not occur in survivorship, condition, or growth. Restoration times for three reefs were calculated based on NOAA Recovery Plan (NRP) metrics (colony abundance and size) and the findings from projects reported here. Results support NRP conclusions that reducing stressors is required before significant population growth and recovery will occur. Until then, outplanting protects against local extinction and helps to maintain genetic diversity in the wild.

Methods Survivorship (the percentage of colonies with any living tissue in a cohort) and condition (percentage of living tissue to the nearest 5%) [76] were obtained from the photographs using CANVAS software [77] and in situ using SCUBA. Weibull survival analysis models (using the statistical software package JMP, version 12 SAS) were used to project survivorship beyond the length of the studies [78]. Percent live tissue was analyzed in addition to survivorship because the survivorship metric is binary (dead =0; alive=1), while partial mortality is a continuous variable (0% to 100%) that impacts survivorship.

The maximum skeletal diameter of colonies was measured using scale references in the photographs that included identifier tags (indicating genotype) of known sizes or PVC bars, or by direct measurements underwater using SCUBA. Growth was estimated using Gompertz growth functions. Due to gaps in the photographic record and reduced sample sizes, colonies that survived four years or longer were combined into a single group. Size measurements were not normally distributed, based on Wilks tests; therefore, log transformation was performed to better approximate a normal distribution. Statistical analyses using generalized linear models were performed using log-transformed data in R [79], including analyses to determine whether or not there were genotype effects on survivorship, condition and growth.

The time (years) and effort (the number of outplanted colonies) required to restore Carysfort Reef, Molasses Reef, and Conch Reef (Fig 1) were estimated using results from this study and metrics in the NRP. Specifically, reef areas delineated by GIS were divided by survivorship estimates after four years for cohorts that started with 1050 colonies. Based on the NRP abundance and size metrics, each surviving colony that reaches ≥ 50 cm maximum diameter restores 1 m2 of the reef. Two depth ranges were used to calculate restoration areas for the three reefs: 5 to 10 m approximates the historical distribution of the species in the Caribbean and Florida [2, 80] and 5 to 20 m water depth as identified in the NRP. The three reefs are management zones in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary, with boundaries that constrained the area estimates. Areas were delineated in GIS using a two-step geoprocessing intersect procedure. First, the Florida Keys 100 m grid cell habitat layer [17, 81] was clipped using the FKNMS management-zone layer. Then, the resulting habitats-within-zones layer was overlaid with the South Florida water depth layer. The final clipped and intersected layer contained polygons annotated with zone, habitat, and depth information.