In India, the total child population amounted to just over *** million in 2011. In particular, there were about ** million male children and close to ** million female children during the same time period.

This statistic depicts the age distribution of India from 2013 to 2023. In 2023, about 25.06 percent of the Indian population fell into the 0-14 year category, 68.02 percent into the 15-64 age group and 6.92 percent were over 65 years of age. Age distribution in India India is one of the largest countries in the world and its population is constantly increasing. India’s society is categorized into a hierarchically organized caste system, encompassing certain rights and values for each caste. Indians are born into a caste, and those belonging to a lower echelon often face discrimination and hardship. The median age (which means that one half of the population is younger and the other one is older) of India’s population has been increasing constantly after a slump in the 1970s, and is expected to increase further over the next few years. However, in international comparison, it is fairly low; in other countries the average inhabitant is about 20 years older. But India seems to be on the rise, not only is it a member of the BRIC states – an association of emerging economies, the other members being Brazil, Russia and China –, life expectancy of Indians has also increased significantly over the past decade, which is an indicator of access to better health care and nutrition. Gender equality is still non-existant in India, even though most Indians believe that the quality of life is about equal for men and women in their country. India is patriarchal and women still often face forced marriages, domestic violence, dowry killings or rape. As of late, India has come to be considered one of the least safe places for women worldwide. Additionally, infanticide and selective abortion of female fetuses attribute to the inequality of women in India. It is believed that this has led to the fact that the vast majority of Indian children aged 0 to 6 years are male.

Actual value and historical data chart for India Population Female Percent Of Total

Abstract

The National Family Health Surveys (NFHS) programme, initiated in the early 1990s, has emerged as a nationally important source of data on population, health, and nutrition for India and its states. The 2005-06 National Family Health Survey (NFHS-3), the third in the series of these national surveys, was preceded by NFHS-1 in 1992-93 and NFHS-2 in 1998-99. Like NFHS-1 and NFHS-2, NFHS-3 was designed to provide estimates of important indicators on family welfare, maternal and child health, and nutrition. In addition, NFHS-3 provides information on several new and emerging issues, including family life education, safe injections, perinatal mortality, adolescent reproductive health, high-risk sexual behaviour, tuberculosis, and malaria. Further, unlike the earlier surveys in which only ever-married women age 15-49 were eligible for individual interviews, NFHS-3 interviewed all women age 15-49 and all men age 15-54. Information on nutritional status, including the prevalence of anaemia, is provided in NFHS3 for women age 15-49, men age 15-54, and young children.

A special feature of NFHS-3 is the inclusion of testing of the adult population for HIV. NFHS-3 is the first nationwide community-based survey in India to provide an estimate of HIV prevalence in the general population. Specifically, NFHS-3 provides estimates of HIV prevalence among women age 15-49 and men age 15-54 for all of India, and separately for Uttar Pradesh and for Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Manipur, and Tamil Nadu, five out of the six states classified by the National AIDS Control Organization (NACO) as high HIV prevalence states. No estimate of HIV prevalence is being provided for Nagaland, the sixth high HIV prevalence state, due to strong local opposition to the collection of blood samples.

NFHS-3 covered all 29 states in India, which comprise more than 99 percent of India's population. NFHS-3 is designed to provide estimates of key indicators for India as a whole and, with the exception of HIV prevalence, for all 29 states by urban-rural residence. Additionally, NFHS-3 provides estimates for the slum and non-slum populations of eight cities, namely Chennai, Delhi, Hyderabad, Indore, Kolkata, Meerut, Mumbai, and Nagpur. NFHS-3 was conducted under the stewardship of the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MOHFW), Government of India, and is the result of the collaborative efforts of a large number of organizations. The International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS), Mumbai, was designated by MOHFW as the nodal agency for the project. Funding for NFHS-3 was provided by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), DFID, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, UNICEF, UNFPA, and MOHFW. Macro International, USA, provided technical assistance at all stages of the NFHS-3 project. NACO and the National AIDS Research Institute (NARI) provided technical assistance for the HIV component of NFHS-3. Eighteen Research Organizations, including six Population Research Centres, shouldered the responsibility of conducting the survey in the different states of India and producing electronic data files.

The survey used a uniform sample design, questionnaires (translated into 18 Indian languages), field procedures, and procedures for biomarker measurements throughout the country to facilitate comparability across the states and to ensure the highest possible data quality. The contents of the questionnaires were decided through an extensive collaborative process in early 2005. Based on provisional data, two national-level fact sheets and 29 state fact sheets that provide estimates of more than 50 key indicators of population, health, family welfare, and nutrition have already been released. The basic objective of releasing fact sheets within a very short period after the completion of data collection was to provide immediate feedback to planners and programme managers on key process indicators.

Geographic coverage

• National (29 states )
• Regional (for HIV Prevalence : Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Manipur, and Tamil Nadu)
• Local (population and health indicators for slum and non-slum populations for eight cities, namely Chennai, Delhi, Hyderabad, Indore, Kolkata, Meerut, Mumbai, and Nagpur)

Analysis unit

• Household
• Women age 15-49
• Men age 15-59

Universe

The population covered by the 2005 DHS is defined as the universe of all ever-married women age 15-49, NFHS-3 included never married women age 15-49 and both ever-married and never married men age 15-54 as eligible respondents.

Kind of data

Sample survey data

Sampling procedure

SAMPLE SIZE

Since a large number of the key indicators to be estimated from NFHS-3 refer to ever-married women in the reproductive ages of 15-49, the target sample size for each state in NFHS-3 was estimated in terms of the number of ever-married women in the reproductive ages to be interviewed.

The initial target sample size was 4,000 completed interviews with ever-married women in states with a 2001 population of more than 30 million, 3,000 completed interviews with ever-married women in states with a 2001 population between 5 and 30 million, and 1,500 completed interviews with ever-married women in states with a population of less than 5 million. In addition, because of sample-size adjustments required to meet the need for HIV prevalence estimates for the high HIV prevalence states and Uttar Pradesh and for slum and non-slum estimates in eight selected cities, the sample size in some states was higher than that fixed by the above criteria. The target sample was increased for Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Manipur, Nagaland, Tamil Nadu, and Uttar Pradesh to permit the calculation of reliable HIV prevalence estimates for each of these states. The sample size in Andhra Pradesh, Delhi, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Madhya Pradesh, and West Bengal was increased to allow separate estimates for slum and non-slum populations in the cities of Chennai, Delhi, Hyderabad, Indore, Kolkata, Mumbai, Meerut, and Nagpur.

The target sample size for HIV tests was estimated on the basis of the assumed HIV prevalence rate, the design effect of the sample, and the acceptable level of precision. With an assumed level of HIV prevalence of 1.25 percent and a 15 percent relative standard error, the estimated sample size was 6,400 HIV tests each for men and women in each of the high HIV prevalence states. At the national level, the assumed level of HIV prevalence of less than 1 percent (0.92 percent) and less than a 5 percent relative standard error yielded a target of 125,000 HIV tests at the national level.

Blood was collected for HIV testing from all consenting ever-married and never married women age 15-49 and men age 15-54 in all sample households in Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Manipur, Tamil Nadu, and Uttar Pradesh. All women age 15-49 and men age 15-54 in the sample households were eligible for interviewing in all of these states plus Nagaland. In the remaining 22 states, all ever-married and never married women age 15-49 in sample households were eligible to be interviewed. In those 22 states, men age 15-54 were eligible to be interviewed in only a subsample of households. HIV tests for women and men were carried out in only a subsample of the households that were selected for men's interviews in those 22 states. The reason for this sample design is that the required number of HIV tests is determined by the need to calculate HIV prevalence at the national level and for some states, whereas the number of individual interviews is determined by the need to provide state level estimates for attitudinal and behavioural indicators in every state. For statistical reasons, it is not possible to estimate HIV prevalence in every state from NFHS-3 as the number of tests required for estimating HIV prevalence reliably in low HIV prevalence states would have been very large.

SAMPLE DESIGN

The urban and rural samples within each state were drawn separately and, to the extent possible, unless oversampling was required to permit separate estimates for urban slum and non-slum areas, the sample within each state was allocated proportionally to the size of the state's urban and rural populations. A uniform sample design was adopted in all states. In each state, the rural sample was selected in two stages, with the selection of Primary Sampling Units (PSUs), which are villages, with probability proportional to population size (PPS) at the first stage, followed by the random selection of households within each PSU in the second stage. In urban areas, a three-stage procedure was followed. In the first stage, wards were selected with PPS sampling. In the next stage, one census enumeration block (CEB) was randomly selected from each sample ward. In the final stage, households were randomly selected within each selected CEB.

SAMPLE SELECTION IN RURAL AREAS

In rural areas, the 2001 Census list of villages served as the sampling frame. The list was stratified by a number of variables. The first level of stratification was geographic, with districts being subdivided into contiguous regions. Within each of these regions, villages were further stratified using selected variables from the following list: village size, percentage of males working in the nonagricultural sector, percentage of the population belonging to scheduled castes or scheduled tribes, and female literacy. In addition to these variables, an external estimate of HIV prevalence, i.e., 'High', 'Medium' or 'Low', as estimated for all the districts in high HIV prevalence states, was used for stratification in high HIV prevalence states. Female literacy was used for implicit stratification (i.e., villages were

This data contains all the essential data in the form of % with respect to rural and urban Indian states . This dataset is highly accurate as this is taken from the Indian govt. it is updated till 2021 for all states and union territories. source of data is data.gov.in titled - ******All India and State/UT-wise Factsheets of National Family Health Survey******

it is advised to you pls search the data keywords you need by using (Ctrl+f) , as it will help to avoid time wastage. States/UTs

Different columns it contains are Area

Number of Households surveyed Number of Women age 15-49 years interviewed Number of Men age 15-54 years interviewed

Female population age 6 years and above who ever attended school (%)

Population below age 15 years (%)

Sex ratio of the total population (females per 1,000 males)

Sex ratio at birth for children born in the last five years (females per 1,000 males)

Children under age 5 years whose birth was registered with the civil authority (%)

Deaths in the last 3 years registered with the civil authority (%)

Population living in households with electricity (%)

Population living in households with an improved drinking-water source1 (%)

Population living in households that use an improved sanitation facility2 (%)

Households using clean fuel for cooking3 (%) Households using iodized salt (%)

Households with any usual member covered under a health insurance/financing scheme (%)

Children age 5 years who attended pre-primary school during the school year 2019-20 (%)

Women (age 15-49) who are literate4 (%)

Men (age 15-49) who are literate4 (%)

Women (age 15-49) with 10 or more years of schooling (%)

Men (age 15-49) with 10 or more years of schooling (%)

Women (age 15-49) who have ever used the internet (%)

Men (age 15-49) who have ever used the internet (%)

Women age 20-24 years married before age 18 years (%)

Men age 25-29 years married before age 21 years (%)

Total Fertility Rate (number of children per woman) Women age 15-19 years who were already mothers or pregnant at the time of the survey (%)

Adolescent fertility rate for women age 15-19 years5 Neonatal mortality rate (per 1000 live births)

Infant mortality rate (per 1000 live births) Under-five mortality rate (per 1000 live births)

Current Use of Family Planning Methods (Currently Married Women Age 15-49 years) - Any method6 (%)

Current Use of Family Planning Methods (Currently Married Women Age 15-49 years) - Any modern method6 (%)

Current Use of Family Planning Methods (Currently Married Women Age 15-49 years) - Female sterilization (%)

Current Use of Family Planning Methods (Currently Married Women Age 15-49 years) - Male sterilization (%)

Current Use of Family Planning Methods (Currently Married Women Age 15-49 years) - IUD/PPIUD (%)

Current Use of Family Planning Methods (Currently Married Women Age 15-49 years) - Pill (%)  

Current Use of Family Planning Methods (Currently Married Women Age 15-49 years) - Condom (%)

Current Use of Family Planning Methods (Currently Married Women Age 15-49 years) - Injectables (%)

Total Unmet need for Family Planning (Currently Married Women Age 15-49 years)7 (%)

Unmet need for spacing (Currently Married Women Age 15-49 years)7 (%)

Health worker ever talked to female non-users about family planning (%)

Current users ever told about side effects of current method of family planning8 (%)

Mothers who had an antenatal check-up in the first trimester (for last birth in the 5 years before the survey) (%)

Mothers who had at least 4 antenatal care visits (for last birth in the 5 years before the survey) (%)

Mothers whose last birth was protected against neonatal tetanus (for last birth in the 5 years before the survey)9 (%)

Mothers who consumed iron folic acid for 100 days or more when they were pregnant (for last birth in the 5 years before the survey) (%)

Mothers who consumed iron folic acid for 180 days or more when they were pregnant (for last birth in the 5 years before the survey} (%)

Registered pregnancies for which the mother received a Mother and Child Protection (MCP) card (for last birth in the 5 years before the survey) (%)

Mothers who received postnatal care from a doctor/nurse/LHV/ANM/midwife/other health personnel within 2 days of delivery (for last birth in the 5 years before the survey) (%)

Average out-of-pocket expenditure per delivery in a public health facility (for last birth in the 5 years before the survey) (Rs.)

Children born at home who were taken to a health facility for a check-up within 24 hours of birth (for last birth in the 5 years before the survey} (%)

Children who received postnatal care from a doctor/nurse/LHV/ANM/midwife/ other health personnel within 2 days of delivery (for last birth in the 5 years before the survey) (%)

Institutional births (in the 5...

The dataset contains state- and district-wise National Family Health Survey (NFHS) compiled data on various family planning, childbirth, population, medical, health and other parameters which provide statistical indicators data on family profile and health status in India.

The different types of health data contained in the dataset include Anaemia among women and children, blood sugar levels and hypertension among men and women, tobacco and alcohol consumption among adults, delivery care and child feeding practices of women, quality of family planning services, screening of cancer among women, marriage and family, maternity care, nutritional status of women, child vaccinations and vitamin A supplementation, treatment of childhood diseases, etc.

Within these categories of health data, the dataset contains indicators data such as births attended by skilled health care professionals and caesarean section, number of children with under and heavy weight, stunted growth, their different vaccations status, male and female sterilization, consumption of iron folic acid among mothers, mother who had antenatal, postnatal, neonatal services, women who are obese and at the risk of weight to hip ratio, educational status among women and children, sanitation, birth and sex ratio, etc.

All of the data is compiled from the NFHS 4th and 5th survey reports. The NFHS is a collaborative project of the International Institute for Population Sciences(IIPS), aimed at providing health data to strengthen India's health policies and programmes.

Abstract

The National Family Health Survey 2019-21 (NFHS-5), the fifth in the NFHS series, provides information on population, health, and nutrition for India, each state/union territory (UT), and for 707 districts.

The primary objective of the 2019-21 round of National Family Health Surveys is to provide essential data on health and family welfare, as well as data on emerging issues in these areas, such as levels of fertility, infant and child mortality, maternal and child health, and other health and family welfare indicators by background characteristics at the national and state levels. Similar to NFHS-4, NFHS-5 also provides information on several emerging issues including perinatal mortality, high-risk sexual behaviour, safe injections, tuberculosis, noncommunicable diseases, and the use of emergency contraception.

The information collected through NFHS-5 is intended to assist policymakers and programme managers in setting benchmarks and examining progress over time in India’s health sector. Besides providing evidence on the effectiveness of ongoing programmes, NFHS-5 data will help to identify the need for new programmes in specific health areas.

The clinical, anthropometric, and biochemical (CAB) component of NFHS-5 is designed to provide vital estimates of the prevalence of malnutrition, anaemia, hypertension, high blood glucose levels, and waist and hip circumference, Vitamin D3, HbA1c, and malaria parasites through a series of biomarker tests and measurements.

Geographic coverage

National coverage

Analysis unit

• Household
• Individual
• Children age 0-5
• Woman age 15-49
• Man age 15 to 54

Universe

The survey covered all de jure household members (usual residents), all women aged 15-49, all men age 15-54, and all children aged 0-5 resident in the household.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

A uniform sample design, which is representative at the national, state/union territory, and district level, was adopted in each round of the survey. Each district is stratified into urban and rural areas. Each rural stratum is sub-stratified into smaller substrata which are created considering the village population and the percentage of the population belonging to scheduled castes and scheduled tribes (SC/ST). Within each explicit rural sampling stratum, a sample of villages was selected as Primary Sampling Units (PSUs); before the PSU selection, PSUs were sorted according to the literacy rate of women age 6+ years. Within each urban sampling stratum, a sample of Census Enumeration Blocks (CEBs) was selected as PSUs. Before the PSU selection, PSUs were sorted according to the percentage of SC/ST population. In the second stage of selection, a fixed number of 22 households per cluster was selected with an equal probability systematic selection from a newly created list of households in the selected PSUs. The list of households was created as a result of the mapping and household listing operation conducted in each selected PSU before the household selection in the second stage. In all, 30,456 Primary Sampling Units (PSUs) were selected across the country in NFHS-5 drawn from 707 districts as on March 31st 2017, of which fieldwork was completed in 30,198 PSUs.

For further details on sample design, see Section 1.2 of the final report.

Mode of data collection

Computer Assisted Personal Interview [capi]

Research instrument

Four survey schedules/questionnaires: Household, Woman, Man, and Biomarker were canvassed in 18 local languages using Computer Assisted Personal Interviewing (CAPI).

Cleaning operations

Electronic data collected in the 2019-21 National Family Health Survey were received on a daily basis via the SyncCloud system at the International Institute for Population Sciences, where the data were stored on a password-protected computer. Secondary editing of the data, which required resolution of computer-identified inconsistencies and coding of open-ended questions, was conducted in the field by the Field Agencies and at the Field Agencies central office, and IIPS checked the secondary edits before the dataset was finalized.

Field-check tables were produced by IIPS and the Field Agencies on a regular basis to identify certain types of errors that might have occurred in eliciting information and recording question responses. Information from the field-check tables on the performance of each fieldwork team and individual investigator was promptly shared with the Field Agencies during the fieldwork so that the performance of the teams could be improved, if required.

Response rate

A total of 664,972 households were selected for the sample, of which 653,144 were occupied. Among the occupied households, 636,699 were successfully interviewed, for a response rate of 98 percent.

In the interviewed households, 747,176 eligible women age 15-49 were identified for individual women’s interviews. Interviews were completed with 724,115 women, for a response rate of 97 percent. In all, there were 111,179 eligible men age 15-54 in households selected for the state module. Interviews were completed with 101,839 men, for a response rate of 92 percent.

Abstract

The second National Family Health Survey (NFHS-2), conducted in 1998-99, provides information on fertility, mortality, family planning, and important aspects of nutrition, health, and health care. The International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS) coordinated the survey, which collected information from a nationally representative sample of more than 90,000 ever-married women age 15-49. The NFHS-2 sample covers 99 percent of India's population living in all 26 states. This report is based on the survey data for 25 of the 26 states, however, since data collection in Tripura was delayed due to local problems in the state.

IIPS also coordinated the first National Family Health Survey (NFHS-1) in 1992-93. Most of the types of information collected in NFHS-2 were also collected in the earlier survey, making it possible to identify trends over the intervening period of six and one-half years. In addition, the NFHS-2 questionnaire covered a number of new or expanded topics with important policy implications, such as reproductive health, women's autonomy, domestic violence, women's nutrition, anaemia, and salt iodization.

The NFHS-2 survey was carried out in two phases. Ten states were surveyed in the first phase which began in November 1998 and the remaining states (except Tripura) were surveyed in the second phase which began in March 1999. The field staff collected information from 91,196 households in these 25 states and interviewed 89,199 eligible women in these households. In addition, the survey collected information on 32,393 children born in the three years preceding the survey. One health investigator on each survey team measured the height and weight of eligible women and children and took blood samples to assess the prevalence of anaemia.

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS

POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS

Three-quarters (73 percent) of the population lives in rural areas. The age distribution is typical of populations that have recently experienced a fertility decline, with relatively low proportions in the younger and older age groups. Thirty-six percent of the population is below age 15, and 5 percent is age 65 and above. The sex ratio is 957 females for every 1,000 males in rural areas but only 928 females for every 1,000 males in urban areas, suggesting that more men than women have migrated to urban areas.

The survey provides a variety of demographic and socioeconomic background information. In the country as a whole, 82 percent of household heads are Hindu, 12 percent are Muslim, 3 percent are Christian, and 2 percent are Sikh. Muslims live disproportionately in urban areas, where they comprise 15 percent of household heads. Nineteen percent of household heads belong to scheduled castes, 9 percent belong to scheduled tribes, and 32 percent belong to other backward classes (OBCs). Two-fifths of household heads do not belong to any of these groups.

Questions about housing conditions and the standard of living of households indicate some improvements since the time of NFHS-1. Sixty percent of households in India now have electricity and 39 percent have piped drinking water compared with 51 percent and 33 percent, respectively, at the time of NFHS-1. Sixty-four percent of households have no toilet facility compared with 70 percent at the time of NFHS-1.

About three-fourths (75 percent) of males and half (51 percent) of females age six and above are literate, an increase of 6-8 percentage points from literacy rates at the time of NFHS-1. The percentage of illiterate males varies from 6-7 percent in Mizoram and Kerala to 37 percent in Bihar and the percentage of illiterate females varies from 11 percent in Mizoram and 15 percent in Kerala to 65 percent in Bihar. Seventy-nine percent of children age 6-14 are attending school, up from 68 percent in NFHS-1. The proportion of children attending school has increased for all ages, particularly for girls, but girls continue to lag behind boys in school attendance. Moreover, the disparity in school attendance by sex grows with increasing age of children. At age 6-10, 85 percent of boys attend school compared with 78 percent of girls. By age 15-17, 58 percent of boys attend school compared with 40 percent of girls. The percentage of girls 6-17 attending school varies from 51 percent in Bihar and 56 percent in Rajasthan to over 90 percent in Himachal Pradesh and Kerala.

Women in India tend to marry at an early age. Thirty-four percent of women age 15-19 are already married including 4 percent who are married but gauna has yet to be performed. These proportions are even higher in the rural areas. Older women are more likely than younger women to have married at an early age: 39 percent of women currently age 45-49 married before age 15 compared with 14 percent of women currently age 15-19. Although this indicates that the proportion of women who marry young is declining rapidly, half the women even in the age group 20-24 have married before reaching the legal minimum age of 18 years. On average, women are five years younger than the men they marry. The median age at marriage varies from about 15 years in Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, and Andhra Pradesh to 23 years in Goa.

As part of an increasing emphasis on gender issues, NFHS-2 asked women about their participation in household decisionmaking. In India, 91 percent of women are involved in decision-making on at least one of four selected topics. A much lower proportion (52 percent), however, are involved in making decisions about their own health care. There are large variations among states in India with regard to women's involvement in household decisionmaking. More than three out of four women are involved in decisions about their own health care in Himachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, and Punjab compared with about two out of five or less in Madhya Pradesh, Orissa, and Rajasthan. Thirty-nine percent of women do work other than housework, and more than two-thirds of these women work for cash. Only 41 percent of women who earn cash can decide independently how to spend the money that they earn. Forty-three percent of working women report that their earnings constitute at least half of total family earnings, including 18 percent who report that the family is entirely dependent on their earnings. Women's work-participation rates vary from 9 percent in Punjab and 13 percent in Haryana to 60-70 percent in Manipur, Nagaland, and Arunachal Pradesh.

FERTILITY AND FAMILY PLANNING

Fertility continues to decline in India. At current fertility levels, women will have an average of 2.9 children each throughout their childbearing years. The total fertility rate (TFR) is down from 3.4 children per woman at the time of NFHS-1, but is still well above the replacement level of just over two children per woman. There are large variations in fertility among the states in India. Goa and Kerala have attained below replacement level fertility and Karnataka, Himachal Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, and Punjab are at or close to replacement level fertility. By contrast, fertility is 3.3 or more children per woman in Meghalaya, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Nagaland, Bihar, and Madhya Pradesh. More than one-third to less than half of all births in these latter states are fourth or higher-order births compared with 7-9 percent of births in Kerala, Goa, and Tamil Nadu.

Efforts to encourage the trend towards lower fertility might usefully focus on groups within the population that have higher fertility than average. In India, rural women and women from scheduled tribes and scheduled castes have somewhat higher fertility than other women, but fertility is particularly high for illiterate women, poor women, and Muslim women. Another striking feature is the high level of childbearing among young women. More than half of women age 20-49 had their first birth before reaching age 20, and women age 15-19 account for almost one-fifth of total fertility. Studies in India and elsewhere have shown that health and mortality risks increase when women give birth at such young ages?both for the women themselves and for their children. Family planning programmes focusing on women in this age group could make a significant impact on maternal and child health and help to reduce fertility.

INFANT AND CHILD MORTALITY

NFHS-2 provides estimates of infant and child mortality and examines factors associated with the survival of young children. During the five years preceding the survey, the infant mortality rate was 68 deaths at age 0-11 months per 1,000 live births, substantially lower than 79 per 1,000 in the five years preceding the NFHS-1 survey. The child mortality rate, 29 deaths at age 1-4 years per 1,000 children reaching age one, also declined from the corresponding rate of 33 per 1,000 in NFHS-1. Ninety-five children out of 1,000 born do not live to age five years. Expressed differently, 1 in 15 children die in the first year of life, and 1 in 11 die before reaching age five. Child-survival programmes might usefully focus on specific groups of children with particularly high infant and child mortality rates, such as children who live in rural areas, children whose mothers are illiterate, children belonging to scheduled castes or scheduled tribes, and children from poor households. Infant mortality rates are more than two and one-half times as high for women who did not receive any of the recommended types of maternity related medical care than for mothers who did receive all recommended types of care.

HEALTH, HEALTH CARE, AND NUTRITION

Promotion of maternal and child health has been one of the most important components of the Family Welfare Programme of the Government of India. One goal is for each pregnant woman to receive at least three antenatal check-ups plus two tetanus toxoid injections and a full course of iron and folic acid supplementation. In India, mothers of 65 percent of the children

Analysis unit

Woman, Birth, Child, Birth, Man, Household Member

Universe

Women age 15-49, Births, Children age 0-4, Men age 15-54, All persons

Kind of data

Demographic and Household Survey [hh/dhs]

Sampling procedure

MICRODATA SOURCE: International Institute for Population Sciences and Macro International.

SAMPLE UNIT: Woman SAMPLE SIZE: 124385

SAMPLE UNIT: Birth SAMPLE SIZE: 256782

SAMPLE UNIT: Child SAMPLE SIZE: 48595

SAMPLE UNIT: Man SAMPLE SIZE: 74369

SAMPLE UNIT: Member SAMPLE SIZE: 534161

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

In 2023, the total fertility rate in children per woman in India was 1.98. Between 1960 and 2023, the figure dropped by 3.94, though the decline followed an uneven course rather than a steady trajectory.

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Context

India - Annual Health Survey(AHS) 2012-13:

The survey was conducted in Empowered Action Group (EAG) states Uttarakhand, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, Odisha, Chhattisgarh & Madhya Pradesh and Assam. These nine states, which account for about 48 percent of the total population, 59 percent of Births, 70 percent of Infant Deaths, 75 percent of Under 5 Deaths and 62 percent of Maternal Deaths in the country, are the high focus States in view of their relatively higher fertility and mortality.

A representative sample of about 21 million population and 4.32 million households were covered 20k+ sample units which is spread across rural and urban area of these 9 states.

The objective of the AHS is to yield a comprehensive, representative and reliable dataset on core vital indicators including composite ones like Infant Mortality Rate, Maternal Mortality Ratio and Total Fertility Rate along with their co-variates (process and outcome indicators) at the district level and map the changes therein on an annual basis. These benchmarks would help in better and holistic understanding and timely monitoring of various determinants on well-being and health of population particularly Reproductive and Child Health. Source

Content

This dataset contains the data about the below 26 key indicators.

1. AA. Sample Particulars

   1. Sample Units
   2. Households
   3. Population
   4. Ever Married Women (aged 15-49 years)
   5. Currently Married Women (aged 15-49 years)
   6. Children 12-23 months

2. BB. Household Characteristics

   1. Average Household Size
      • SC
      • ST
      • All
   2. Population below age 15 years (%)
   3. Dependency Ratio
   4. Currently Married Illiterate Women aged 15-49 years (%)

3. CC. Sex Ratio

   1. Sex Ratio at Birth
   2. Sex Ratio (0- 4 years)
   3. Sex Ratio (All ages)

4. DD. Effective Literacy Rate

5. EE. Marriage

   1. Marriages among Females below legal age (18 years) (%)
   2. Marriages among Males below legal age (21 years) (%)
   3. Currently Married Women aged 20-24 years married before legal age (18 years) (%)
   4. Currently Married Men aged 25-29 years married before legal age (21 years) (%)
   5. Mean age at Marriage# - Male
   6. Mean age at Marriage# - Female

6. FF. Schooling Status

   1. Children currently attending school (Age 6-17 years) (%)
   2. Children attended before / Drop out (Age 6-17 years) (%)

7. GG. Work Status

   1. Children aged 5-14 years engaged in work (%)
   2. Work Participation Rate (15 years and above)

8. HH. Disability

   1. Prevalence of any type of Disability (Per 100,000 Population)

9. II. Injury

   1. Number of Injured Persons by type of Treatment received (Per 100,000 Population)
      • Severe
      • Major
      • Minor

10. JJ. Acute Illness

    1. Persons suffering from Acute Illness (Per 100,000 Population)
       • Diarrhoea/Dysentery
       • Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI)
       • Fever (All Types)
       • Any type of Acute Illness
    2. Persons suffering from Acute Illness and taking treatment from Any Source (%)
    3. Persons suffering from Acute Illness and taking treatment from Government Source (%)

11. KK. Chronic Illness

    1. Having any kind of Symptoms of Chronic Illness (Per 100,000 Population)
    2. Having any kind of Symptoms of Chronic Illness and sought Medical Care (%)
    3. Having diagnosed for Chronic Illness (Per 100,000 Population)
       • Diabetes
       • Hypertension
       • Tuberculosis (TB)
       • Asthma / Chronic Respiratory Disease
       • Arthritis
       • Any kind of Chronic Illness
    4. Having diagnosed for any kind of Chronic Illness and getting Regular Treatment (%)
    5. Having diagnosed for any kind of Chronic Illness and getting Regular Treatment from Government Source (%)

12. LL. Fertility

    1. Crude Birth Rate (CBR)
    2. Natural Growth Rate
    3. Total Fertility Rate
    4. Women aged 20-24 reporting birth of order 2 & above (%)
    5. Women reporting birth of order 3 & above (%)
    6. Women with two children wanting no more children (%)
    7. Women aged 15-19 years who were already mothers or pregnant at the time of survey (%)
    8. Median age at first live birth of Women aged 15-49 years
    9. Median age at first live birth of Women aged 25-49 years
    10. Live Births taking place after an interval of 36 months (%)
    11. Mean number of children...

In 2011, **** million out of 26.8 million of people with disability in India were illiterate. Among illiterates in India, more women than men were reported to be illiterate, at respectively **** million and **** million of people.The general schooling system in India comprises of four levels namely, Primary (classes I – V), Middle or Upper Primary (Classes VI – VIII), Secondary (Classes IX – X), and Higher Secondary (XI – X). In India, the total number of illiterate women was higher than that of illiterate men. According to the 2009 Right to Education Act in India, children aged six to 14 years are entitled to free and compulsory education until upper primary level. However, as of 2011, less than one in every ten people with disability completed middle school.

Gender gap in education

Regarding reproductive health, empowerment and the labor market, India belongs to the least gender equal countries in the world. Gender disparity in India is also evident in the literacy gap. For instance, there are more men than women that have higher education levels . The same trend was also recorded among those with disability. Even though the Constitution of India grants women equality before the law and equal protection of the law, India still has a long way to go to achieve gender equality. Nevertheless, there is no question that women in India have overcome numerous barriers within the last few decades and continue to strive their way towards equality.

Analysis unit

Woman, Birth, Child, Man, Member

Universe

Women age 15-49, Births, Children age 0-4, Men age 15-54, All persons

Kind of data

Demographic and Household Survey [hh/dhs]

Sampling procedure

MICRODATA SOURCE: International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS) and ICF.

SAMPLE UNIT: Woman SAMPLE SIZE: 699686

SAMPLE UNIT: Birth SAMPLE SIZE: 1315617

SAMPLE UNIT: Child SAMPLE SIZE: 259627

SAMPLE UNIT: Man SAMPLE SIZE: 112122

SAMPLE UNIT: Member SAMPLE SIZE: 2869043

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Abstract

The 2015-16 National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4), the fourth in the NFHS series, provides information on population, health, and nutrition for India and each state and union territory. For the first time, NFHS-4 provides district-level estimates for many important indicators. All four NFHS surveys have been conducted under the stewardship of the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW), Government of India. MoHFW designated the International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS), Mumbai, as the nodal agency for the surveys. Funding for NFHS-4 was provided by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), the United Kingdom Department for International Development (DFID), the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF), UNICEF, UNFPA, the MacArthur Foundation, and the Government of India. Technical assistance for NFHS-4 was provided by ICF, Maryland, USA. Assistance for the HIV component of the survey was provided by the National AIDS Control Organization (NACO) and the National AIDS Research Institute (NARI), Pune.

Geographic coverage

National coverage

Analysis unit

• Household
• Individual
• Children age 0-5
• Woman age 15-49
• Man age 15-54

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The NFHS-4 sample was designed to provide estimates of all key indicators at the national and state levels, as well as estimates for most key indicators at the district level (for all 640 districts in India, as of the 2011 Census). The total sample size of approximately 572,000 households for India was based on the size needed to produce reliable indicator estimates for each district and for urban and rural areas in districts in which the urban population accounted for 30-70 percent of the total district population. The rural sample was selected through a two-stage sample design with villages as the Primary Sampling Units (PSUs) at the first stage (selected with probability proportional to size), followed by a random selection of 22 households in each PSU at the second stage. In urban areas, there was also a two-stage sample design with Census Enumeration Blocks (CEB) selected at the first stage and a random selection of 22 households in each CEB at the second stage. At the second stage in both urban and rural areas, households were selected after conducting a complete mapping and household listing operation in the selected first-stage units.

The figures of NFHS-4 and that of earlier rounds may not be strictly comparable due to differences in sample size and NFHS-4 will be a benchmark for future surveys. NFHS-4 fieldwork for Bihar was conducted in all 38 districts of the state from 16 March to 8 August 2015 by the Academic Management Studies (AMS) and collected information from 36,772 households, 45,812 women age 15-49 (including 7,464 women interviewed in PSUs in the state module), and 5,872 men age 15-54.

Mode of data collection

Computer Assisted Personal Interview [capi]

Research instrument

Four questionnaires - household, woman's, man's, and biomarker, were used to collect information in 19 languages using Computer Assisted Personal Interviewing (CAPI).

This web layers contains data of “The National Rural Health Mission” of Government of India. This provides information on state level.The health care infrastructure in rural areas has been developed as a three-tier system:Sub-CentrePrimary Health Centre Community Health CentreSub-centresThe Sub-Centre is the most peripheral and first contact point between the primary health care system and the community. Each Sub-Centre is required to be manned by at least one Auxiliary Nurse Midwife (ANM) / Female Health Worker and one Male Health Worker. Under NRHM, there is a provision for one additional second ANM on contract basis. One Lady Health Visitor (LHV) is entrusted with the task of supervision of six Sub-Centers. Sub-Centers are assigned tasks relating to interpersonal communication in order to bring about behavioral change and provide services in relation to maternal and child health, family welfare, nutrition, immunization, diarrhea control and control of communicable diseases programs. The Sub-Centers are provided with basic drugs for minor ailments needed for taking care of essential health needs of men, women and children. Primary Health CentresPHC is the first contact point between village community and the Medical Officer. The PHCs were envisaged to provide an integrated curative and preventive health care to the rural population with emphasis on preventive and promotive aspects of health care. The PHCs are established and maintained by the State Governments under the Minimum Needs Programme (MNP)/ Basic Minimum Services (BMS) Programme. As per minimum requirement, a PHC is to be manned by a Medical Officer supported by 14 paramedical and other staff. Under NRHM, there is a provision for two additional Staff Nurses at PHCs on contract basis. It acts as a referral unit for 6 Sub Centers and has 4 - 6 beds for patients. The activities of PHC involve curative, preventive, promotive and Family Welfare Services.Community Health CentresCHCs are being established and maintained by the State Government under MNP/BMS program. As per minimum norms a CHC is required to be manned by four Medical Specialists i.e., Surgeon, Physician, Gynecologist and Pediatrician supported by 21 paramedical and other staff. It has 30 in-door beds with one OT, X-ray, Laboure Room and Laboratory facilities. It serves as a referral center for 4 PHCs and provides facilities for obstetric care and specialist consultations.As on March 2019, there are 148124 Sub Centers, 23887 Primary Health Centers (PHCs) and 4809 Community Health Centers (CHCs) functioning in the country.The attributes are given below for this web map:2005 - Sub Centre2005 - PHCs2005 - CHCs2019 - Sub Centre + HWC-SCs2019 - PHCs + HWC-PHCs2019 - CHCsNote: Data values of Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh union territories have been bifurcated based on population. This web layer is offered by Esri India, for ArcGIS Online subscribers. If you have any questions or comments, please let us know via content@esri.in.

Globally, about 25 percent of the population is under 15 years of age and 10 percent is over 65 years of age. Africa has the youngest population worldwide. In Sub-Saharan Africa, more than 40 percent of the population is below 15 years, and only three percent are above 65, indicating the low life expectancy in several of the countries. In Europe, on the other hand, a higher share of the population is above 65 years than the population under 15 years. Fertility rates The high share of children and youth in Africa is connected to the high fertility rates on the continent. For instance, South Sudan and Niger have the highest population growth rates globally. However, about 50 percent of the world’s population live in countries with low fertility, where women have less than 2.1 children. Some countries in Europe, like Latvia and Lithuania, have experienced a population decline of one percent, and in the Cook Islands, it is even above two percent. In Europe, the majority of the population was previously working-aged adults with few dependents, but this trend is expected to reverse soon, and it is predicted that by 2050, the older population will outnumber the young in many developed countries. Growing global population As of 2025, there are 8.1 billion people living on the planet, and this is expected to reach more than nine billion before 2040. Moreover, the global population is expected to reach 10 billions around 2060, before slowing and then even falling slightly by 2100. As the population growth rates indicate, a significant share of the population increase will happen in Africa.

Rural India was mainly made up of men and women between 15 and 59 years old in 2020. Compared to urban centers, children up to ages ** had a higher share in rural areas during the same time period.

While Indians between 12 and 34 years dominated internet use from 2013 to 2019 with about ** percent of the total market, this was projected to change by 2025. Between 2019 and 2025, it was estimated that age group 35 years and older would make up ** percent of internet usage in India. Gender and internet Among the total internet users in the country, it was found that only about ** percent were female users. While this was expected to change to ** percent male users and ** percent female users by 2020, it still showed a gender gap in internet accessibility in the south-Asian country. While several factors lead to this digital gender gap, economic and socio-cultural barriers stand out as the most compelling reasons. Older Indians part of digitalization The median age of India’s population was around 27 years in 2015, echoing the range of the country’s majority internet user base. The estimated shift, however, in the years to come would be the successful efforts towards digitalizing India. If done right, this would propel older adults to adopt and master new media technologies in their daily activities beyond social media and communication, including the use of financial services.

The share of males with multiple disabilities was at 1.4 percent in the south-western state of Goa. According to the 76th round of the NSO survey conducted between July and December 2018, a higher percentage of disabled men than disabled women were present in India. The National Statistical Office (NSO) is the statistical wing of the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MOSPI), mainly responsible for laying down standards for statistical analysis, data collection, and implementation.

The women's apparel market was projected to reach nearly ** billion U.S. dollars by 2025 in India, a significant increase from 2015. The rise in the working women population in India is projected to lead to this growth in the apparel market over the next decade, among other reasons. Ethnic wear had the largest market value within the sector. Festivals and special occasions were the primary reasons for ethnic wear purchase among Indians, according to a survey by ProdegeMR.On the other hand, casual wear had the largest value in the men’s clothing segment, which accounted for a share of ** percent in 2018. Overall, the apparel industry across the South Asian country was valued at over five trillion rupees that year. Clothing and festivals –the perfect pairDiverse cultural and religious beliefs give the nation plenty of opportunities to come together and celebrate its unity in diversity. The combination of ethnic and western wear, with the introduction of fusion styles combined with a growing population, specifically in the middle class, has resulted in an increased demand for clothing. The role of online shoppingInternet growth and accessibility in India opened doors to a number of business opportunities. E-commerce had a share of about **** percent in the total retail sales of the country. The Indian e-commerce market was the second largest across the globe. The wear segment was the latest beneficiary of this increased internet accessibility. The fashion segment for kids was estimated to reach ** billion U.S. dollars in 2020. Changes in the urban and rural lifestyle, along with social media influence, are likely to propel the online as well as offline apparel industry to further growth in the future.