Jews were the dominant religious group in the Israel-Palestine region at the beginning of the first millennia CE, and are the dominant religious group there today, however, there was a period of almost 2,000 years where most of the world's Jews were displaced from their spiritual homeland. Antiquity to the 20th century Jewish hegemony in the region began changing after a series of revolts against Roman rule led to mass expulsions and emigration. Roman control saw severe persecution of Jewish and Christian populations, but this changed when the Byzantine Empire adopted Christianity as its official religion in the 4th century. Christianity then dominated until the 7th century, when the Rashidun Caliphate (the first to succeed Muhammad) took control of the Levant. Control of region split between Christians and Muslims intermittently between the 11th and 13th centuries during the Crusades, although the population remained overwhelmingly Muslim. Zionism until today Through the Paris Peace Conference, the British took control of Palestine in 1920. The Jewish population began growing through the Zionist Movement after the 1880s, which sought to establish a Jewish state in Palestine. Rising anti-Semitism in Europe accelerated this in the interwar period, and in the aftermath of the Holocaust, many European Jews chose to leave the continent. The United Nations tried facilitating the foundation of separate Jewish and Arab states, yet neither side was willing to concede territory, leading to a civil war and a joint invasion from seven Arab states. Yet the Jews maintained control of their territory and took large parts of the proposed Arab territory, forming the Jewish-majority state of Israel in 1948, and acheiving a ceasefire the following year. Over 750,000 Palestinians were displaced as a result of this conflict, while most Jews from the Arab eventually fled to Israel. Since this time, Israel has become one of the richest and advanced countries in the world, however, Palestine has been under Israeli military occupation since the 1960s and there are large disparities in living standards between the two regions.

The total population in Palestine was forecast to continuously increase up to more than 5.4 million people by 2023. The current total population is estimated to amount to 5.48 million people in 2023, however these estimates have not yet been adjusted to account for the impact of the 2023 Israel-Hamas War.

Key information about State of Palestine (West Bank and Gaza) population

• The State of Palestine (West Bank and Gaza) population reached 5.9 million people in Jun 2026, compared with the previously reported figure of 5.7 million people in Jun 2025
• The data reached an all-time high of 5.9 million people in Jun 2026 and a record low of 0.9 million people in Jun 1951

In 1995, Israel had a Jewish population of approximately 4.5 million people, of whom approximately 1.75 million were born abroad. Over one million of these immigrants were born in Europe, with over 650,000 of these born in the former Soviet Union. Despite Poland having the largest Jewish population in the world in the pre-WWII years, the number of Polish Jewish migrants and descendents in Israel was relatively small in 1995 when compared to the USSR due to the impact of the Holocaust.

Outside of Europe, Morocco had the largest number of Jewish immigrants and descendents in Israel by 1995. Morocco had the largest Jewish population in the Muslim world when Israel was founded in 1948, with over 250,000 people. Many Moroccan Jews sought to emigrate to Israel at this time, but often faced resistance from authorities and local populations who believed the Jews would join in the fight against the Arab forces seeking to establish a Muslim state in Palestine. The government of Morocco then officially prohibited emigration to Israel after gaining independence from France in 1956, however this policy was reversed in 1961 whereby the Moroccan government began facilitating Jewish emigration to Israel in return for payments from Jewish organizations in the U.S. and Israel. By the 1970s, Morocco's Jewish population had fallen to less than 15 percent of its size in 1948.

The estimated population of the Gaza Strip for 2023 was around 2.1 million people. The Palestinian population of Gaza is relatively young when compared globally. More than half of Gazans are 19 years or younger. This is due to the comparably high fertility rate in the Gaza Strip of *** children per woman as of 2022.

Abstract

The 2017 Census covered all members present in Palestine on the morning of 1st December 2017 regardless of their citizenship, nationality or reasons of presence in Palestine. It also covered the Palestinians temporarily outside of State of Palestine for a period of less than a year for purposes of visit, tourism, treatment or any other reason and who have families inside Palestine. It also covered the detainees and prisoners in Israeli jails regardless of the period of their detention. It did not cover the Palestinians with ID cards and families in Palestine who have been absent for a year or more, with the exception of students studying abroad.

It mainly aims to provide a comprehensive and modern statistical database that creates a digital profile of the Palestinian society in all areas. It additionally fulfills the national needs and in accordance to international recommendations and UN recommendations on the contents of the Census. Consequently, the Census serves as the backbone of planning and developmental policies and strategies formulation.

Geographic coverage

All the administrative levels in West Bank and Gaza Strip

Analysis unit

individuals, households

Universe

All the invidual and Households living in Palestine

Kind of data

Census/enumeration data [cen]

Sampling procedure

1. Sample Frame: It consists of all the enumerated households in the Census 2017 and who are staying in the Palestine at the time of enumeration.

2. Sample Design: A random random sample was selected from each enumeration area enumerated in the census, where the sampling rate reached 20% of the total number of individuals.

Mode of data collection

Personal Interviwe using Tablests

Response rate

Do not apply

Sampling error estimates

There are only Non-sampling errors that occur at any stage during the implementation of census. Many of data quality control procedures were used during the census planning and implementayion to ensure maximum accuracy

This report provides maps, location data, and an initial brief analysis of the Israeli/American/GHF aid distribution compounds rapidly constructed and beginning to operate in Gaza in May of 2025. The overall geographic relation of these compounds to Gazan populations and to the infrastructures of Israeli military control of Gaza, and, also, their consistent internal architecture, all suggest their design is predominantly responsive to Israeli military strategy and tactics rather than aimed at a broad humanitarian relief intervention. As with prior reports in this series, it is rapidly written to provide real-time inputs to unfolding events. Additional data layers available upon request.

The total population of Israel amounted to approximately 9.97 million people in 2024. Following a continuous upward trend, the total population has risen by around 6.05 million people since 1980. Between 2024 and 2030, the total population will rise by around 800 thousand people, continuing its consistent upward trajectory.This indicator describes the total population in the country at hand. This total population of the country consists of all persons falling within the scope of the census.

Israel IL: Refugee Population: by Country or Territory of Origin data was reported at 459.000 Person in 2017. This records a decrease from the previous number of 495.000 Person for 2016. Israel IL: Refugee Population: by Country or Territory of Origin data is updated yearly, averaging 818.500 Person from Dec 1990 (Median) to 2017, with 28 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1,541.000 Person in 2007 and a record low of 16.000 Person in 1990. Israel IL: Refugee Population: by Country or Territory of Origin data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Israel – Table IL.World Bank: Population and Urbanization Statistics. Refugees are people who are recognized as refugees under the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees or its 1967 Protocol, the 1969 Organization of African Unity Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa, people recognized as refugees in accordance with the UNHCR statute, people granted refugee-like humanitarian status, and people provided temporary protection. Asylum seekers--people who have applied for asylum or refugee status and who have not yet received a decision or who are registered as asylum seekers--are excluded. Palestinian refugees are people (and their descendants) whose residence was Palestine between June 1946 and May 1948 and who lost their homes and means of livelihood as a result of the 1948 Arab-Israeli conflict. Country of origin generally refers to the nationality or country of citizenship of a claimant.; ; United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), Statistics Database, Statistical Yearbook and data files, complemented by statistics on Palestinian refugees under the mandate of the UNRWA as published on its website. Data from UNHCR are available online at: www.unhcr.org/en-us/figures-at-a-glance.html.; Sum;

Abstract

The main objective of the PHC-2007 is to provide figures for the Palestinian population and their geographical distribution in accordance with a number of relatively stable basic characteristics to inform socioeconomic development purposes. Preparations for conducting censuses take usually 3-5 years for piloting, testing tools, work plans, human and physical needs and timetable. The census is one of the most important statistical activities as it provides statistical data on the distribution of population, and their demographic, social and economic characteristics in a certain reference period of time for all the individuals within the borders of the state.

Geographic coverage

West Bank and Gaza Strip

Analysis unit

individual, household

Universe

The PHC-2007 covered all individuals who were in the Palestinian Territory on the census reference night (30/11-1/12/2007) regardless of nationality and citizenship. It also covered all Palestinians who have usual residence in the Palestinian Territory (including those who were temporarily absent for less than one year for the purpose of visit, tourism, treatment, etc. while their households are still living at their permanent places of residence in the Palestinian Territory). All Palestinian students abroad while their households are still living at their permanent places of residence were also included, in addition to all prisoners and detainees in the Israeli jails regardless of the duration of detention. The census excluded all Palestinians holding identity cards who were absent for more than one year (except for the students), even if their households are still living in their places of residence in the Palestinian Territory

Kind of data

Census/enumeration data [cen]

Sampling procedure

It consists of all the enumerated households in the Census 2007 and who are staying in the west bank at the time of enumeration. We select a systematic random sample from each enumeration area in the Census, and we select a 20% of the total households concluding all the individuals in the household

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The census questionnaire for the buildings is divided into four parts: Part one: includes identification data, such as: governorate, locality name, locality code, booklet no. in locality, total booklets in locality, no. of completed pages in booklet, enumeration area.
Part two: includes data for all buildings, such as: 1. Building Serial No. in the page 2. Building No. in Enumeration Area 3. Name of the Owner of the Building or Building Name and Address 4. Building Municipality No. 5. Type of Building 6. Type of Ownership 7. Material of External Walls 8. No. of Stories 9. Current Use of Building 10. Establishments Year 11. Total No. Houses in Building Part three: includes data for all Houses, such as: 1. No. of Houses in the Building 2. Current Use of Houses 3. The reason for Closed, Vacant and Deserted Houses Part four: includes data for all Houses used for habitation or work and habitation, such as: 1. Name of the Head of Household No. of Household Members

Cleaning operations

The data processing stage contain of the following operations: 1. Editing before Data Entry At this stage all booklets were edited in the office using the instructions previously prepared for checking to ensure consistent data. 2. Data Entry Program The data entry program was prepared and designed according to the census questionnaire. The program was prepared by using the Oracle database. 3. Data Entry After the completion of the design and the testing of the data entry program and training of data keyers, work began on data entry.

Response rate

100%

Sampling error estimates

Not Applicaple

Israel IL: Refugee Population: by Country or Territory of Asylum data was reported at 25,637.000 Person in 2017. This records a decrease from the previous number of 32,946.000 Person for 2016. Israel IL: Refugee Population: by Country or Territory of Asylum data is updated yearly, averaging 6,658.000 Person from Dec 1998 (Median) to 2017, with 20 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 48,505.000 Person in 2012 and a record low of 27.000 Person in 1998. Israel IL: Refugee Population: by Country or Territory of Asylum data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Israel – Table IL.World Bank: Population and Urbanization Statistics. Refugees are people who are recognized as refugees under the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees or its 1967 Protocol, the 1969 Organization of African Unity Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa, people recognized as refugees in accordance with the UNHCR statute, people granted refugee-like humanitarian status, and people provided temporary protection. Asylum seekers--people who have applied for asylum or refugee status and who have not yet received a decision or who are registered as asylum seekers--are excluded. Palestinian refugees are people (and their descendants) whose residence was Palestine between June 1946 and May 1948 and who lost their homes and means of livelihood as a result of the 1948 Arab-Israeli conflict. Country of asylum is the country where an asylum claim was filed and granted.; ; United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), Statistics Database, Statistical Yearbook and data files, complemented by statistics on Palestinian refugees under the mandate of the UNRWA as published on its website. Data from UNHCR are available online at: www.unhcr.org/en-us/figures-at-a-glance.html.; Sum;

Perspective-taking is essential for improving intergroup relations. However, it is difficult to implement, especially in violent conflicts. Given that immersive virtual reality (VR) can simulate various points of view (POV), we examined whether it can lead to beneficial outcomes by promoting outgroup perspective-taking, even in armed conflicts. In two studies, Jewish-Israelis watched a 360° VR scene depicting an Israeli-Palestinian confrontation from different POVs–outgroup’s, ingroup’s while imagining outgroup perspective or ingroup’s without imagined perspective-taking. Participants immersed in the outgroup’s POV, but not those who imagined the outgroup’s perspective, perceived the Palestinians more positively than those immersed in the ingroup’s POV. Moreover, participants in the outgroup’s POV perceived the Palestinian population in general more favorably and judged a real-life ingroup transgression more strictly than those in the ingroup’s POV, even five months after VR intervention. Results suggest that VR can promote conflict resolution by enabling effective perspective-taking.

Mean injury and death rates among Palestinians and Israelis and rate ratios using yearly rate data, stratified by location from 1 May 2014 – 30 December 2023.

Abstract

The 2000 Health Survey in the West Bank and Gaza Strip (MICS2) provides reliable estimates for several indicators, which were suggested to Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS) by decision makers, planners, and researchers in the field of health through a series of "User-Producer Dialogue"workshops. The survey includes also the indicators of the "End of Decade Goals Survey, MICS2" which were developed in cooperation with UNICEF, and the indicators of the "Baseline Health Survey" which were developed in cooperation with UNFPA.

The 2000 Health Survey in the West Bank and Gaza Strip was implemented on the eve of the INTIFADA in Palestine. The release of this report comes after less than three months since the beginning of the uprising. There is documented evidence that up to this time in the life of the INTIFADA, more than 100 Palestinian children have been killed and more than 3,500 are injured by the Israeli army and the Israeli settlers. International as well as local specialized agencies have indicated that hundreds of thousands of Palestinian children have been deeply affected psychologically by the events. The Israeli harsh measures and their continued aggression against the Palestinian population have left thousands of Palestinian households with no means of protection or support for their children. In view of these tragic developments, the results of this Survey could be used as a fairly good and reliable baseline to compare with when studying the impact of Israeli measures and actions against Palestinian children and households.

The Health Survey of 1996 and the Demographic Survey of 1995 were among the pioneering household surveys in the establishment phase of Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS). The two surveys where complementary to each other and were designed to provide detailed accounting and baseline data and statistics on the demographic and health status of Palestinian households and individuals. An update of the health survey was deemed necessary by PCBS and the Ministry of Health in order to update the baseline data on health situation in Palestine. The current survey (the 2000 health Survey in the West Bank and Gaza Strip) comes as a timely update ofthe various indicators, which were measured by the previous surveys, and as an answer to the statistical needs of the planners within government, NGO's, and specialized international agencies which are mandated to work in Palestine. This survey is in fact a realization of a partnership, which was formulated between PCBS, Ministry of Health, UNFPA and UNICEF in order to pool the demand side on data and produce a relevant data set for various stakeholders. The survey has tried to provide estimates for many indicators within the framework of UNICEF's efforts to support countries to come up with assessment of End Decade Goals as set out by UNICEF. It also tried to come up with the baseline data, which could be used in drafting a country strategy and a CPA exercise by UNFPA. The survey has also tried to provide enough details to allow the Ministry of Health finalize its strategic plan.

Geographic coverage

National

Analysis unit

• Individuals
• Households

Universe

The survey covered all de jure household members (usual residents), all women aged 15-54 years, all children aged 5-17 years and under 5 living in the household.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The sample design of the 2000 Health Survey in the West Bank and Gaza Strip (MICS) takes into account the main recommendations of UNICEF for this type of surveys.

The sample provides a subsample of household that receives health services from the Ministry of Health clinics.

The target population consists of all Palestin_ian households that usually reside in the Palestinian Territory. This type of survey concentrates on 2 subpopulations. the first one is ever-married women and aged (15-54) years. the second one is children less than 5 years.

The list of all Palestinian households has been constructed with some identification variables, after finishing the Population Census 1997 processes. The master sample was drowned to be used for different sample surveys. The master sample consists of 481-enumeration area (EA) (the average sizes about 120 households). The master sample is the sample frame of the 2000 Health Survey in the West Bank and Gaza Strip. The selected EAs were divided into small units called cells (with average size of 25 households). One cell per EA was selected.

Different criteria were taken into account when sample size was determined. The level of sampling error for the main indicators was considered, the result could be published at 3 subpopulations. and 10% incomplete questionnaire was assumed. The overall sample was 272 EAs, 178 in the West Bank and 94 in Gaza Strip. The Sample cells increased to 288 cells. 194 in West Bank and 94 in Gaza Strip. The number of households in the sample was 6,349 households, 4,295 in the West Bank and 2,054 in Gaza Strip.

The sample is a stratified multi-stage random sample.

Stratification: Four levels of stratification were made: 1. Stratification by governorates. 2. Stratification by place of residence which comprised: (a) Urban (b) Rural (c) Refugee Camps 3. Stratification by classifying localities, excluding governorate capitals, into three strata based on the ownership of households within these localities of durable goods. 4. Stratification by size locality (number of households).

A compact cluster design was adopted because the sample frame was old. As mentioned above, the first sampling units were divided into small units (cells). Then one cell from each EA was randomly selected.

For that part of Jerusalem, which was annexed after 1967 war, a list of households for the EAs in the frame was completed in 1999. Therefore a compact cluster design was not used in this part, and a random of households from the EAs was selected.

First stage sampling units are the area units (EAs) in the master sample. The second stage-sampling units are cells.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The questionnaire was developed by the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics after revision and adaptation of the following standard questionnaires: 1. The Health Survey questionnaire, which implemented by Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics in 1996. 2. Demographic Survey questionnaire, which implemented by Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics in 1995. 3. UNICEF questionnaire for Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS II). 4. Standard Demographic and Health survey questionnaire. 5. Other Demographic and Health Survey questionnaire (DHS).

The health survey - 2000 questionnaire consist of three main parts:

1. Household questionnaire which includes the following sections:
2. Control Sheet: which includes items related to quality control sample identification, interview schedule and interview results.
3. Household Roster: includes demographic variables such as age, sex, relation to head of household, date ofbirth and health variables such as health insurance and smoking.

4. Housing section: includes questions on housing conditions, such as water sanitation and iodized salt.

5. Women's Health questionnaire: this questionnaire was designed to collect data for all ever- married women aged less than 55 years, it consists of seven sections:

6. Reproduction.

7. Family planning.

8. Antenatal care and Breastfeeding.

9. Tetanus Toxoid Vaccination.

10. Desire of Reproduction.

11. Public Health and Health Awareness.

12. Knowledge of HIV.

13. Child Health Questionnaire: This module consists of six sections:

14. Birth Registration for children under five years.

15. Child Education for children aged 5-17 years .

16. Child Labor for children aged 5-17 years.

17. Child Health and Child Immunization for children under five years.

18. Child Ophthalmic Health for children under five years.

19. Anthropometry for children under five years.

Cleaning operations

IMPS was used in data entry. Data entry was organized in a number of files, corresponding to the main parts of the questionnaire.

A data entry template was designed to reflect an exact image of the questionnaire, and included various electronic checks: logical check, consisting checks and cross-validation. Continuously thorough checks on the overall consistency of the data files and sample allocation were sent back to the field for corrections.

Data entry started on may 18, 2000 and finished on June 8, 2000. Data cleaning and checking processes were initiated simultaneously with the data entry. Thorough data quality checks and consistency checks were carried out.

Final tabulation of results was performed using statistical package SPSS for Windows (version 8.0) and specialized health and demographic analysis programs.

Response rate

Overall 94.0% of the questionnaires were completed. 93.3% in the West Bank, and 95.5% in Gaza Strip. The response rate was about 97.7%, it was 96.9% in the West Bank and 99.3% in Gaza Strip.

Sampling error estimates

Since the data reported here are based on a sample survey and not on complete enumeration. They are subject to two main types of errors: sampling rrrors and non-sampling errors.

Sampling errors are random outcomes of the sample design, and are, therefore, easily measurable.

Non-sampling errors can occur at the various stages of the survey implementatipn in data collection and data processing, and are generally difficult to be evaluated statistically. They cover a wide range of errors, including errors resulting from non-response, sample frame

As of January 14, 2025, the UN estimated that around 1.9 million refugees are currently sheltered in school buildings operated by the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA). Around ** percent of Gaza's total population has been displaced due to the ongoing conflict. This was caused by attacks of radical Islamic Hamas' attacks on Israeli territory and the consequent counterstrikes of the Israeli military. Hamas attacks on Israel on October 7, 2023 The radical Islamic Palestinian terror organization Hamas attacked Israel in the early hours of October 7, 2023, on Sabbath - the Jewish day of rest. This strategic attack from Gaza was directed towards Israeli civilians and armed forces. An estimated ***** rockets were fired by Hamas from Gaza toward Israeli targets, hitting civilian buildings and military facilities. Hamas fighters entered the Israeli territory, killing around ***** of Israeli citizens. In the weeks that followed, the Israeli military conducted an aerial bombardment and launched a ground offensive in Gaza. Humanitarian pauses allowed aid to get into Gaza, but fighting has continued since a weeklong cease-fire ended on December 1, 2023. The attacks resulted in a massive escalation of the Middle Eastern conflict, which pushed a political solution further away. The number of civilian casualties in Gaza and Israel is rising each day the conflict continues. Humanitarian situation in Gaza Following Hamas' attacks on Israel, the Israeli military responded with airstrikes against positions of Hamas in the Gaza Strip and cut the region's supply. The Israeli military warned parts of Gaza about their air strikes and urged the population to leave their houses and seek refuge in the centers. Israel isolated the Gaza Strip from the outside world and stopped the supply of electricity, food, and fuel. On October 13, 2023, Israel prompted the Palestinian population of Gaza to vacate the region of northern Gaza. Around one million of the **** million Gazans dwelled in northern Gaza in high density. About half of the Gazan population is underaged. Since the terrorist organization Hamas launched its attacks on Israeli soil on October 7, 2023, around ***** Israelis have died, and ***** have been injured. Through retaliation attacks by the Israeli armed forces against Hamas in Gaza, over 47 thousand Palestinians have died, and around 99 thousand have been injured. There were ***** confirmed Palestinians killed in the Westbank through the ongoing conflict. Hamas's attack on Israel was the deadliest so far.

Abstract

The Jerusalem Household Social Survey 2013 is one of the most important statistical activities that have been conducted by PCBS. It is the most detailed and comprehensive statistical activity that PCBS has conducted in Jerusalem. The main objective of the Jerusalem household social survey, 2013 is to provide basic information about: Demographic and social characteristics for the Palestinian society in Jerusalem governorate including age-sex structure, Illiteracy rate, enrollment and drop-out rates by background characteristics, Labor force status, unemployment rate, occupation, economic activity, employment status, place of work and wage levels, Housing and housing conditions, Living levels and impact of Israeli measures on nutrition behavior during Al-Aqsa intifada, Criminal offence, its victims, and injuries caused.

Geographic coverage

Social survey data covering the province of Jerusalem only, the type locality (urban, rural, refugee camps) and Governorate

Analysis unit

households, Individual

Universe

The target population was all Palestinian households living in Jerusalem Governorate.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The sampling frame for Jerusalem (J1 and J2) was based on the census implemented by PCBS in 2007 and consisting of enumeration areas. These enumeration areas were used as primary sampling units (PSUs) in the first stage of the sample selection.

The estimated sample size is 1,260 households responding in Jerusalem governorate.

Stratified cluster random sample with two-stages: First stage: Selection of a systematic random sample of 42 enumeration areas (24 EAs in J1 and 18 EAs in J2). Second stage: A sample of 30 responsive households from each enumeration area selected in the first stage.

Sample Strata The population was divided by: 1-Region (Jerusalem J1, Jerusalem J2) 2-Locality type (Jerusalem J1: urban, camp; Jerusalem J2: urban, rural, camp).

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

A survey questionnaire the main tool for gathering information, so do not need to check the technical specifications for the phase of field work, as required to achieve the requirements of data processing and analysis, has been designed form the survey after examining the experience of other countries on the subject of social surveys, covering the form as much as possible the most important social indicators as recommended by the United Nations, taking into account the specificity of the Palestinian community in this aspect.

Cleaning operations

Phase included a set of data processing Activities and operations that have been made to the Forms to prepare her for the analysis phase, This phase included the following operations: Before the introduction of audit data: at this stage was Check all the forms using the instructions To check to make sure the field of logical data and re- Incomplete, including a second field. Data Entry: The data entry Central to the central headquarters in Al-Bireh, was organized The data entry process using the Access Program Where the form has been programmed through this program. Was marked by the program that was developed in the Device properties and features the following: The possibility of dealing with an exact copy of the form The computer screen. The ability to conduct all tests and possibilities Possible and logical sequence of data in the form. Maintain a minimum of errors Portal Digital data or errors of field work. Ease of use and deal with the software and data (User-Friendly). The possibility of converting the data to the other formula can be Use and analysis of the statistical systems Analysis such as SPSS.

Response rate

during the field work we visit 1,820 family in Jerusalem Governorate, where the final results of the interviews were as follows: The number of families who were interviewed (1,188) in Jerusalem Governorate, (715) in J1, (473) in J2.

Sampling error estimates

Accuracy of the Data

Statistical Errors Data of this survey can be affected by statistical errors due to use of a sample. Variance was calculated for the most important indicators and demonstrates the ability to disseminate results for Jerusalem governorate. However, dissemination of data by J1 and J2 area indicates values with a high variance

Non-Statistical Errors It is possible for non-statistical errors to occur at all stages of project implementation or during the collection or entry of data. These errors can be summarized as non-response errors, response errors (respondent), corresponding errors (researcher) and data entry errors. To avoid errors and reduce their impact, strenuous efforts were made in the intensive training of researchers on how to conduct interviews, the procedures that must be followed during the interview and aspects that should be avoided. Practical exercises and theory were covered during the training session. Errors gradually decreased with the accumulation of experience by the field work team, which consisted of permanent and non-permanent researchers who conduct work on every PCBS survey.

In general, non-statistical errors were related to the nature of the Social Survey of Jerusalem and can be summarized as follows: · Many households considered the specific details of the survey as interference in their private lives. · Israeli impact on Palestine (curfew and closure). · Some households thought the survey was related to social assistance or to taxes. · Hesitation by households in the Jerusalem area to supply data because they were afraid of Israeli procedures against them if they participated in a Palestinian survey or activity.

Data Processing The data processing stage consisted of the following operations: 1. Editing and coding prior to data entry: All questionnaires were edited and coded in the office using the same instructions adopted for editing in the field.
2. Data entry: At this stage, data were entered into the computer using a data entry template designed in Access. The data entry program was prepared to satisfy a number of requirements such as:
· Duplication of the questionnaires on the computer screen. · Logic and consistency check of data entered. · Possibility for internal editing of question answers. · Maintaining a minimum of digital data entry and field work errors. · User-friendly handling. · Possibility of transferring data into another format to be used and analyzed using other statistical analytic systems such as SPSS.

Data entry began on April 17, 2013 and finished on July 14, 2013. Data cleaning and checking processes were initiated simultaneously with the data entry. Thorough data quality checks and consistency checks were carried out and SPSS for Windows version 10.0 was used to perform the final tabulation of results.

Possibility of Comparison At this stage, comparison can be made for time series periods and other sources. Where the survey results were compared with the data in 2010. The data were compared with the final results of the Population, Housing and Establishments Census of 2007 for Jerusalem and the results were very consistent.

The world's Jewish population has had a complex and tumultuous history over the past millennia, regularly dealing with persecution, pogroms, and even genocide. The legacy of expulsion and persecution of Jews, including bans on land ownership, meant that Jewish communities disproportionately lived in urban areas, working as artisans or traders, and often lived in their own settlements separate to the rest of the urban population. This separation contributed to the impression that events such as pandemics, famines, or economic shocks did not affect Jews as much as other populations, and such factors came to form the basis of the mistrust and stereotypes of wealth (characterized as greed) that have made up anti-Semitic rhetoric for centuries. Development since the Middle Ages The concentration of Jewish populations across the world has shifted across different centuries. In the Middle Ages, the largest Jewish populations were found in Palestine and the wider Levant region, with other sizeable populations in present-day France, Italy, and Spain. Later, however, the Jewish disapora became increasingly concentrated in Eastern Europe after waves of pogroms in the west saw Jewish communities move eastward. Poland in particular was often considered a refuge for Jews from the late-Middle Ages until the 18th century, when it was then partitioned between Austria, Prussia, and Russia, and persecution increased. Push factors such as major pogroms in the Russian Empire in the 19th century and growing oppression in the west during the interwar period then saw many Jews migrate to the United States in search of opportunity.

Not all percentages sum to equal 100 due to missing data. T1 = baseline interview. T2 = 6-month follow-up. T3 = 12-month follow-up. PCI = Palestinian Citizen of Israel. PTG = posttraumatic growth.Means, standard deviations of study variables and demographic composition of the sample.

The number of fatalities amongst the Palestinian population in the West Bank and Gaza between 2008 and September 2023 stood at ***** and the number of injured people was *******. While the majority of fatalities amongst the Palestinians were in the Gaza Strip, more than half of the injured were based in the West Bank. Hamas attacks on Israel on October 7, 2023 The radical Islamic Palestinian terror organization Hamas attacked Israel in the early hours of October 7, 2023, on Sabbath - the Jewish day of rest. This strategic attack from Gaza was directed towards Israeli civilians and armed forces. An estimated ***** rockets were fired by Hamas from Gaza toward Israeli targets, hitting civilian buildings and military facilities. Hamas fighters entered the Israeli territory, killing around ***** of Israeli citizens. In the weeks that followed, the Israeli military conducted an aerial bombardment and launched a ground offensive in Gaza. Humanitarian pauses allowed aid to get into Gaza, but fighting has continued since a weeklong cease-fire ended on December 1, 2023. The attacks resulted in a massive escalation of the Middle Eastern conflict, which pushed a political solution further away. The number of civilian casualties in Gaza and Israel is rising each day the conflict continues. Before October 2023, there had been four wars between Israel and Hamas. The current conflict is already the deadliest, and the death toll is certain to rise.

Since the terrorist organization Hamas launched its attacks on Israeli soil on October 7, 2023, around 1,200 Israelis died, and 5,431 were injured. Through retaliation attacks by the Israeli armed forces against Hamas in Gaza, 61,158 Palestinians were killed, and 151,442 were injured. As of August 2025, the number of Palestinian deaths in the West Bank was 955, due to the on going conflict. Information on the data situation Data on the number of fatalities and injuries are based on the UNOCHA (United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs) reporting by both parties to the conflict. The respective data sources were named for the purpose of transparency. It must be stated that in the case of wars and other conflicts, objective data collection is almost impossible, and reports are based on estimates. At the same time, it needs to be noted that some parties to the conflict may use numbers and data selectively for their own agenda. Hamas attacks on Israel on October 7th, 2023 Before October 2023, there had been four wars between Israel and Hamas. The current conflict is already the deadliest, and the death toll is certain to rise. The new escalation of violence in the Middle East started after the militant Palestinian group Hamas attacked Israel in the early hours of October 7, 2023. An estimated 2,200 rockets were fired by Hamas from Gaza toward Israeli targets, hitting civilian buildings and military facilities. Hamas fighters entered the Israeli territory, killing around 1,200 of Israeli citizens. In the weeks that followed, the Israeli military conducted an aerial bombardment and launched a ground offensive in Gaza. Humanitarian pauses allowed aid to get into Gaza, but fighting has continued since a weeklong cease-fire ended on December 1, 2023. Operation Iron Swords and the humanitarian situation of Gaza Initially, Israel reacted to the Hamas attacks with further isolation of the Gaza Strip, cutting off the supply of electricity, fuel, and drinking water. As of November 6, 2023, water supply to parts of the Gaza Strip has been resumed. The Israeli Defense Forces (IDF) summoned the Palestinians to evacuate the northern part of the Gaza Strip towards the south of Gaza in the direction of the Egyptian border. This affects around 1.93 million people out of the 2.06 million inhabitants of Gaza. According to the UN, over one million people are internally displaced inside the Gaza Strip. Some trucks with relief supplies could infrequently enter the territory via the Rafah border from Egypt. This Israeli military operation is one of the longest-lasting in Gaza, and over 6,000 bombs were already dropped by the IDF.