These data gathered and contributed to CATT by:Governments of Jersey, Guernsey and DolFin ID ProjectEngland Channel Islands ~ Bailliwick's Spatial and Marine PlansEach site has a unique Site Code of 13 characters GB 050N 005W XXX the first three characters are landmass, the next six are latitude and longitude, the last three identify the specific site.The data set contains files generated by the Chelonia Limited passive acoustic logger, F-POD. The files can be analysed using the freeware available on a link in related materials. This dataset is updated regularly with new recordings.Classification and noise risks are scored from 0 to 11 for each file using ‘Classification Warnings’ (Files & Filters Tab) Quick view or export.Summed risks of 3 or 4 require user evaluation.Summed risks of 5 or 6 likely require special handling.Summed risks of 7 and above are likely highly misleading.The CATT project aims to track trends in the population of those cetacean groups that can be monitored acoustically by logging their echo-location activity using the F-POD instrument made by Chelonia. These groups are porpoises, dolphins and all other toothed whales except the Sperm Whale.Long term population monitoring projects are notoriously difficult to establish using conventional funding streams, so CATT is supported by the participants and by Chelonia Limited. Chelonia is loaning instruments and providing free data curation, some data analysis, and funding for the deployment of F-PODs on some coastal observation sites maintained for other purposes. After 5 years it should be possible to form a clear assessment of the utility of the project and how it might best proceed.The data will become openly available within 6 months of being brought ashore, on the basis that users should notify and acknowledge the participants whose data is used.The data can support various types of analysis and opportunities that will include:Detection of trends over time in levels of cetacean acoustic activity.Insights into local patterns of cetacean activity of particular interest to participating citizen groups.Studies of cetacean acoustic behaviour – F-POD data has already given major insights intoclick-based social communication in riverine and marine dolphins, and in porpoises.Opportunities for Master’s projects and larger academic studies.Opportunities for training in relevant skills including handling and analysing the data set.Opportunities for raising awareness of ocean life.Governments of Jersey, Guernsey and DolFin ID ProjectCHI Sark CHI049N002WSRCHI COQ GB048N002WCOQCHI E_MINQS GB048N002WEMQCHI W_MINQS GB048N002WWMQCHI NOIRE GB049N001WGSECHI NOIRE GB049N001WNOICHI AMMO GB049N002WAMOCHI Burhou GB049N002WBURCHI COQ GB049N002WCQBCHI WestMinquiers GB049N002WGEWCHI W_GUERNSEY1 GB049N002WGN1CHI W_GUERNSEY2 GB049N002WGN2CHI Guernsey GB049N002WGNECHI Guernsey GB049N002WGNYCHI NE_HERM1 GB049N002WHM1CHI NE_HERM2 GB049N002WHM2CHI NOIRMONT GB049N002WJESCHI JER PLEMONT GB049N002WJNWCHI Noire GB049N002WNOICHI NOIRMONT GB049N002WNRMCHI PLEMONT GB049N002WPLMCHI S_ALDERNEY GB049N002WSALCHI W_ALDERNEY GB049N002WWAL

Aim: The Island Rule – i.e. the tendency for body size to decrease in large mammals and increase in small mammals on islands has been commonly evaluated through macroecological or macroevolutionary, pattern-orientated approaches, which generally fail to model the microevolutionary processes driving either dwarfing or gigantism. Here, we seek to identify which microevolutionary process could have driven extreme insular dwarfism in the extinct dwarf red deer population on the island of Jersey.

Location:Â Jersey, UK (Channel Islands).

Taxon:Â Red deer ( Cervus elaphus)

Methods: We applied an individual-based quantitative genetics model parameterized with red deer life-history data to study the evolution of dwarfism in Jersey’s deer, considering variations in island area and isolation through time due to sea level changes.

Results:Â The body size of red deer on Jersey decreased fast early on, due to phenotypic plasticity, then kept decreasing almost linearly over time down to the a...

For two centuries, Jersey cattle were exported globally, adapting to varying climates and production systems, yet the founding population remained genetically isolated on the Island of Jersey. The Island of Jersey formally allowed the importation of pure Jersey cattle in 2008. This study characterized the genetic variation of 49 popular bulls from the Island of Jersey born from 1964 to 2004 and compared them to 47 non-Island Jersey bulls and cows, primarily from the United States In addition, 21 Guernsey cattle derived from the Island of Guernsey and 71 Holstein cattle served as reference populations for genetic comparison. Cattle were genotyped on the Illumina BovineHD Beadchip producing 777,962 SNPs spanning the genome. Principal component analysis revealed population stratification within breed reflective of individual animal’s continental origin. When compared to Holstein and Guernsey, all Jersey clustered together by breed. The Jersey breed demonstrated increased inbreeding in comparison to Holstein or Guernsey with slightly higher estimates of inbreeding coefficients and identity-by-descent. The Island and United States Jersey have relatively similar, yet statistically different inbreeding estimates despite vastly different population sizes and gene flow. Signatures of selection within Island Jersey were identified using genome-wide homozygosity association and marker-based FST that provided population informative single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs). Biological significance of the homozygosity association results identified multiple genes on chromosomes 5, 24, and 27, involved in immune function and cellular processes. Overall, genomic variation was identified between the Island and non-Island Jersey cattle producing population informative SNPs and differing runs of homozygosity (ROH) over immune regulation and metabolic genes. Results on inbreeding measures and ROH may reflect varying effective population size or differential selection with grazing systems promoting natural selection for traits such as parasite resistance, whereas confinement systems demonstrate a more intensive artificial selection. More broadly, differences in breed formation, particularly between the two Channel Island breeds, likely contributed to the variation in ROH and inbreeding. This research provides a reference for the Jersey breed based on the genetic foundation of the Island cattle as compared to the intensively selected United States cattle, and identifies regions of the genome for future investigation of immune regulation and metabolic processes.