South Africa ZA: Population: Growth data was reported at 1.245 % in 2017. This records a decrease from the previous number of 1.301 % for 2016. South Africa ZA: Population: Growth data is updated yearly, averaging 2.282 % from Dec 1960 (Median) to 2017, with 58 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 2.794 % in 1972 and a record low of 1.047 % in 2008. South Africa ZA: Population: Growth data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s South Africa – Table ZA.World Bank.WDI: Population and Urbanization Statistics. Annual population growth rate for year t is the exponential rate of growth of midyear population from year t-1 to t, expressed as a percentage . Population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship.; ; Derived from total population. Population source: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects: 2017 Revision, (2) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (3) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (4) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Reprot (various years), (5) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database, and (6) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme.; Weighted average;

Abstract

The ExPoSE project, based at the University of Greenwich, UK and Stellenbosch University, South Africa, aimed to examine epidemiologic transitions by identifying and quantifying the drivers of change in CVD risk in the middle-income country of South Africa compared to the high-income nation of England. The project produced a harmonised dataset of national surveys measuring CVD risk factors in South Africa and England for others to use in future work. The harmonised dataset includes data from nationally-representative surveys in South Africa derived from the Demographic and Health Surveys, National Income Dynamics Study, South Africa National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, and Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health, covering 11 cross-sections and approximately 156,000 individuals aged 15+ years, representing South Africa’s adult population from 1998 to 2017. Data for England come from 17 Health Surveys for England (HSE) over the same time period, covering over 168,000 individuals aged 16+ years, representing England's adult population. Data for England can be obtained from the UK Data Service. Files made available include the code used within the scope of the ExPoSE Project https://www.exposeproject.net to import and harmonise microdata on cardiovascular risk factors and other information from a set of population surveys conducted in South Africa and England between 1997 and 2017.

Geographic coverage

The harmonised data comes from national surveys conducted in South Africa and England

Analysis unit

Individuals

Kind of data

Survey data

Mode of data collection

Other

South Africa ZA: Population in Urban Agglomerations of More Than 1 Million: as % of Total Population data was reported at 37.102 % in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 36.958 % for 2016. South Africa ZA: Population in Urban Agglomerations of More Than 1 Million: as % of Total Population data is updated yearly, averaging 26.647 % from Dec 1960 (Median) to 2017, with 58 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 37.102 % in 2017 and a record low of 25.848 % in 1960. South Africa ZA: Population in Urban Agglomerations of More Than 1 Million: as % of Total Population data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s South Africa – Table ZA.World Bank: Population and Urbanization Statistics. Population in urban agglomerations of more than one million is the percentage of a country's population living in metropolitan areas that in 2000 had a population of more than one million people.; ; United Nations, World Urbanization Prospects.; Weighted Average;

South Africa ZA: Population: as % of Total: Male: Aged 15-64 data was reported at 66.071 % in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 65.988 % for 2016. South Africa ZA: Population: as % of Total: Male: Aged 15-64 data is updated yearly, averaging 56.838 % from Dec 1960 (Median) to 2017, with 58 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 66.071 % in 2017 and a record low of 54.429 % in 1966. South Africa ZA: Population: as % of Total: Male: Aged 15-64 data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s South Africa – Table ZA.World Bank: Population and Urbanization Statistics. Male population between the ages 15 to 64 as a percentage of the total male population. Population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship.; ; World Bank staff estimates based on age/sex distributions of United Nations Population Division's World Population Prospects: 2017 Revision.; Weighted average;

In the middle of 2023, about 60 percent of the global population was living in Asia.The total world population amounted to 8.1 billion people on the planet. In other words 4.7 billion people were living in Asia as of 2023. Global populationDue to medical advances, better living conditions and the increase of agricultural productivity, the world population increased rapidly over the past century, and is expected to continue to grow. After reaching eight billion in 2023, the global population is estimated to pass 10 billion by 2060. Africa expected to drive population increase Most of the future population increase is expected to happen in Africa. The countries with the highest population growth rate in 2024 were mostly African countries. While around 1.47 billion people live on the continent as of 2024, this is forecast to grow to 3.9 billion by 2100. This is underlined by the fact that most of the countries wit the highest population growth rate are found in Africa. The growing population, in combination with climate change, puts increasing pressure on the world's resources.

South Africa ZA: Population: as % of Total: Aged 0-14 data was reported at 28.985 % in 2017. This records a decrease from the previous number of 29.178 % for 2016. South Africa ZA: Population: as % of Total: Aged 0-14 data is updated yearly, averaging 39.691 % from Dec 1960 (Median) to 2017, with 58 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 42.335 % in 1966 and a record low of 28.985 % in 2017. South Africa ZA: Population: as % of Total: Aged 0-14 data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s South Africa – Table ZA.World Bank.WDI: Population and Urbanization Statistics. Population between the ages 0 to 14 as a percentage of the total population. Population is based on the de facto definition of population.; ; World Bank staff estimates based on age/sex distributions of United Nations Population Division's World Population Prospects: 2017 Revision.; Weighted average;

Objectives: Direct comparative work in morphology and growth on widely dispersed wild primate taxa is rarely accomplished, yet critical to understanding ecogeographic variation, plastic local varia- tion in response to human impacts, and variation in patterns of growth and sexual dimorphism. We investigated population variation in morphology and growth in response to geographic variables (i.e., latitude, altitude), climatic variables (i.e., temperature and rainfall), and human impacts in the vervet monkey (Chlorocebus spp.).

Methods: We trapped over 1,600 wild vervets from across Sub-Saharan Africa and the Caribbean, and compared measurements of body mass, body length, and relative thigh, leg, and foot length in four well-represented geographic samples: Ethiopia, Kenya, South Africa, and St. Kitts & Nevis.

Results: We found significant variation in body mass and length consistent with Bergmann’s Rule in adult females, and in adult males when excluding the St. Kitts & Nevis population, which was more sexually dimorphic. Contrary to Rensch’s Rule, although the South African population had the largest average body size, it was the least dimorphic. There was significant, although very small, variation in all limb segments in support for Allen’s Rule. Females in high human impact areas were heavier than those with moderate exposures, while those in low human impact areas were lighter; human impacts had no effect on males.

Conclusions: Vervet monkeys appear to have adapted to local climate as predicted by Bergmann’s and, less consistently, Allen’s Rule, while also responding in predicted ways to human impacts. To better understand deviations from predicted patterns will require further comparative work in vervets.

Methods The data derive from field collections made over many years using a common protocol: Ethiopia in 1973, Kenya in 1978-79; South Africa in 2002–2008, and several African countries and the Caribbean in 2009– 2011 in collaboration with the International Vervet Research Consortium (Jasinska et al., 2013). The International Vervet Research Consortium is a multidisciplinary research group that has, in addition to morphological variation, studied variation in patterns of growth and development (Schmitt et al., 2018), genetic/genomic (Jasinska, et al., 2013; Schmitt et al., 2018; Svardal et al., 2017; Turner et al. 2016a; Warren et al. 2015) and transcriptomic (Jasinska et al., 2017) variation, SIV immune response (Ma et al., 2013, 2014; Svardal et al., 2017), hor- monal variation (Fourie et al., 2015), C4 isotopes variation in hair (Loudon et al., 2014), gut parasite and disease variation (Gaetano et al., 2014; Senghore et al., 2016), genital morphology and appearance (Cramer et al., 2013; Rodriguez et al., 2015a,b), and other biological parameters within the genus Chlorocebus.

Vervet monkeys were trapped at locations across sub-Saharan Africa, including South Africa, Botswana, Zambia, Ethiopia, The Gambia, Ghana, and on the Caribbean islands of St. Kitts and Nevis (Figure 1). Trapping in Africa employed individual drop traps as described by Brett, Turner, Jolly, & Cauble (1982) and Grobler and Turner (2010), while trapping in St. Kitts and Nevis was done by local trappers using large group traps (Jasinska et al., 2013). Animals were anesthetized while in the trap and then removed to a processing area. Sex was determined by visual and manual inspection, while age classes were assigned from dental eruption sequences and based on previous observations (Table 2). All animals were weighed with either an electronic or hanging scale, and measured with a tape measure and sliding calipers. Parameters and protocols describing all measurements are available through the Bones and Behavior Working Group (2015; http://www.bonesandbehavior. org/). All animals were released to their social group after sampling and recovery from anesthesia. Observations during trapping allowed us to confirm the animals’ social group and local population affiliation.

For the present study, we chose metrics representative of skeletal size (body length, thigh length, leg length, and foot length) and body mass from a total of 1,613 vervets in four geographically and genomi- cally distinct populations: Ch. aethiops in Ethiopia, Ch. p. hilgerti in Kenya, Ch. p. pygerythrus in South Africa, and Ch. sabaeus on the Carib- bean islands of St. Kitts and Nevis (Table 3). The Caribbean populations are known to be descended from West African Ch. sabaeus brought to the Caribbean several hundred years ago (Warren et al., 2015). Of the whole sample, 288 females and 460 males were dentally immature. Sexual maturity is typically not reached in vervets until near the time of canine tooth eruption, here denoting the beginning of dental age 6 (Cramer et al., 2013; Rodriguez et al., 2015a); although somatic and skeletal growth often continues beyond the emergence of the third molar, which is here denoted as adult (Bolter & Zihlman, 2003). As is common, dental age and skeletal age are presumed to be similarly cor- related across the genus, meaning that comparable dental age implies comparable skeletal developmental age across populations (Seselj, 2013).

All measurements were developed by CJJ and TRT and other measurers (CAS and JDC) were trained directly by TRT. During training, repeated measures of the same individual were conducted in tandem with TRT until concordance was reached.

The location of each trapping site is reported in decimal degrees (Table 1), and for most sites measured using hand-held GPS units. For those trapping sites lacking GPS readings, a general latitude and longi- tude for the trapping area (e.g., game reserve, town) was used. Human impact at each trapping location was assessed according to conditions during the time of trapping using a previously published index devel- oped by Pampush (2010) to study variation in vervet body size, and subsequently used by Loudon et al. (2014) and Fourie et al. (2015) (Table 1). This index includes presence/absence measures of reliable access to (1) agricultural land, (2) human food, (3) rubbish or garbage dumps, and (4) whether animals are regularly provisioned, as well as a three-level scale of human activity within the presumed home range of the group (low, moderate, or high). In the index, point values are assigned to each value, with the lowest tier of human impact each receiving a 1, scaling up by 1 for each level. Added together, these val- ues comprise a human impact group ranging from low (lowest score in each category; index 5 5), to moderate (index 5 6–8), to high (index- 5 9–11). These measures take into account only the ecological impact of humans, and do not address local ecological variables (such as native plant productivity) that might also influence body size and growth. As a proxy for these measures, we collected several climatic variables for trapping sites from the WorldClim 2 database, which has a spatial reso- lution of about 1 km2 (Fick & Hijmans, 2017). Climatic variables consid- ered for inclusion in our models were (1) annual mean temperature (in degrees Celsius), (2) temperature seasonality (measured as the standard deviation of annual mean temperature multiplied by 100), (3) the mini- mum temperature of the coldest month (in degrees Celsius), (4) the mean temperature of the coldest quarter of the year, (5) annual precipi- tation (in mm), and (6) precipitation seasonality (measured as thecoefficient of variation of monthly precipitation). Climate data were accessed via the R package raster v. 2.6-7 (Hijmans & van Etten, 2012), and assigned to trapping sites based on latitude and longitude.

South Africa ZA: Population: Male: Ages 5-9: % of Male Population data was reported at 9.941 % in 2017. This records a decrease from the previous number of 9.957 % for 2016. South Africa ZA: Population: Male: Ages 5-9: % of Male Population data is updated yearly, averaging 13.543 % from Dec 1960 (Median) to 2017, with 58 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 14.188 % in 1962 and a record low of 9.941 % in 2017. South Africa ZA: Population: Male: Ages 5-9: % of Male Population data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s South Africa – Table ZA.World Bank: Population and Urbanization Statistics. Male population between the ages 5 to 9 as a percentage of the total male population.; ; World Bank staff estimates based on age/sex distributions of United Nations Population Division's World Population Prospects: 2017 Revision.; ;

South Africa ZA: Population: Male: Ages 70-74: % of Male Population data was reported at 1.158 % in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 1.152 % for 2016. South Africa ZA: Population: Male: Ages 70-74: % of Male Population data is updated yearly, averaging 0.949 % from Dec 1960 (Median) to 2017, with 58 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1.158 % in 2017 and a record low of 0.823 % in 1985. South Africa ZA: Population: Male: Ages 70-74: % of Male Population data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s South Africa – Table ZA.World Bank.WDI: Population and Urbanization Statistics. Male population between the ages 70 to 74 as a percentage of the total male population.; ; World Bank staff estimates based on age/sex distributions of United Nations Population Division's World Population Prospects: 2017 Revision.; ;

South Africa Population: Mid Year: African: Male: 30 to 34 Years data was reported at 2,281,671.000 Person in 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 2,208,498.111 Person for 2017. South Africa Population: Mid Year: African: Male: 30 to 34 Years data is updated yearly, averaging 1,583,319.067 Person from Jun 2001 (Median) to 2018, with 18 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 2,281,671.000 Person in 2018 and a record low of 1,114,709.000 Person in 2001. South Africa Population: Mid Year: African: Male: 30 to 34 Years data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Statistics South Africa. The data is categorized under Global Database’s South Africa – Table ZA.G003: Population: Mid Year: by Group, Age and Sex.

South Africa Population: Mid Year: Indian and Asian: 30 to 34 Years data was reported at 136,523.000 Person in 2018. This records a decrease from the previous number of 136,733.801 Person for 2017. South Africa Population: Mid Year: Indian and Asian: 30 to 34 Years data is updated yearly, averaging 109,540.192 Person from Jun 2001 (Median) to 2018, with 18 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 136,733.801 Person in 2017 and a record low of 86,688.000 Person in 2001. South Africa Population: Mid Year: Indian and Asian: 30 to 34 Years data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Statistics South Africa. The data is categorized under Global Database’s South Africa – Table ZA.G003: Population: Mid Year: by Group, Age and Sex.

South Africa Population: Mid Year: Eastern Cape: 20 to 24 Years data was reported at 531,545.000 Person in 2018. This records a decrease from the previous number of 568,062.743 Person for 2017. South Africa Population: Mid Year: Eastern Cape: 20 to 24 Years data is updated yearly, averaging 620,146.947 Person from Jun 2001 (Median) to 2018, with 18 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 671,734.772 Person in 2009 and a record low of 482,541.064 Person in 2001. South Africa Population: Mid Year: Eastern Cape: 20 to 24 Years data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Statistics South Africa. The data is categorized under Global Database’s South Africa – Table ZA.G004: Population: Mid Year: by Province, Age and Sex.

South Africa Population: Mid Year: African: Female: 0 to 4 Years data was reported at 2,565,832.000 Person in 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 2,517,269.910 Person for 2017. South Africa Population: Mid Year: African: Female: 0 to 4 Years data is updated yearly, averaging 2,415,866.734 Person from Jun 2001 (Median) to 2018, with 18 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 2,565,832.000 Person in 2018 and a record low of 1,963,652.489 Person in 2002. South Africa Population: Mid Year: African: Female: 0 to 4 Years data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Statistics South Africa. The data is categorized under Global Database’s South Africa – Table ZA.G003: Population: Mid Year: by Group, Age and Sex.

South Africa Population: Mid Year: African: 0 to 4 Years data was reported at 5,129,661.000 Person in 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 5,050,047.280 Person for 2017. South Africa Population: Mid Year: African: 0 to 4 Years data is updated yearly, averaging 4,830,282.682 Person from Jun 2001 (Median) to 2018, with 18 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 5,129,661.000 Person in 2018 and a record low of 3,925,989.078 Person in 2002. South Africa Population: Mid Year: African: 0 to 4 Years data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Statistics South Africa. The data is categorized under Global Database’s South Africa – Table ZA.G003: Population: Mid Year: by Group, Age and Sex.

South Africa Population: Mid Year: Indian and Asian: Male: 30 to 34 Years data was reported at 74,569.000 Person in 2018. This records a decrease from the previous number of 74,583.874 Person for 2017. South Africa Population: Mid Year: Indian and Asian: Male: 30 to 34 Years data is updated yearly, averaging 58,776.088 Person from Jun 2001 (Median) to 2018, with 18 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 74,583.874 Person in 2017 and a record low of 42,988.000 Person in 2001. South Africa Population: Mid Year: Indian and Asian: Male: 30 to 34 Years data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Statistics South Africa. The data is categorized under Global Database’s South Africa – Table ZA.G003: Population: Mid Year: by Group, Age and Sex.

South Africa ZA: Population: Male: Ages 60-64: % of Male Population data was reported at 2.701 % in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 2.685 % for 2016. South Africa ZA: Population: Male: Ages 60-64: % of Male Population data is updated yearly, averaging 2.087 % from Dec 1960 (Median) to 2017, with 58 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 2.701 % in 2017 and a record low of 1.897 % in 1986. South Africa ZA: Population: Male: Ages 60-64: % of Male Population data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s South Africa – Table ZA.World Bank: Population and Urbanization Statistics. Male population between the ages 60 to 64 as a percentage of the total male population.; ; World Bank staff estimates based on age/sex distributions of United Nations Population Division's World Population Prospects: 2017 Revision.; ;

South Africa ZA: Rural Population Growth data was reported at -0.235 % in 2017. This records a decrease from the previous number of -0.168 % for 2016. South Africa ZA: Rural Population Growth data is updated yearly, averaging 1.217 % from Dec 1960 (Median) to 2017, with 58 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 2.679 % in 1972 and a record low of -0.329 % in 2008. South Africa ZA: Rural Population Growth data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s South Africa – Table ZA.World Bank.WDI: Population and Urbanization Statistics. Rural population refers to people living in rural areas as defined by national statistical offices. It is calculated as the difference between total population and urban population.; ; World Bank staff estimates based on the United Nations Population Division's World Urbanization Prospects: 2018 Revision.; Weighted average;

South Africa ZA: Population: Female: Ages 15-19: % of Female Population data was reported at 8.848 % in 2017. This records a decrease from the previous number of 8.951 % for 2016. South Africa ZA: Population: Female: Ages 15-19: % of Female Population data is updated yearly, averaging 10.386 % from Dec 1960 (Median) to 2017, with 58 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 10.637 % in 1999 and a record low of 8.848 % in 2017. South Africa ZA: Population: Female: Ages 15-19: % of Female Population data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s South Africa – Table ZA.World Bank: Population and Urbanization Statistics. Female population between the ages 15 to 19 as a percentage of the total female population.; ; World Bank staff estimates based on age/sex distributions of United Nations Population Division's World Population Prospects: 2017 Revision.; ;

South Africa Population: Mid Year: African: Male: 45 to 49 Years data was reported at 1,032,933.000 Person in 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 990,750.913 Person for 2017. South Africa Population: Mid Year: African: Male: 45 to 49 Years data is updated yearly, averaging 817,513.595 Person from Jun 2001 (Median) to 2018, with 18 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1,032,933.000 Person in 2018 and a record low of 627,842.000 Person in 2001. South Africa Population: Mid Year: African: Male: 45 to 49 Years data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Statistics South Africa. The data is categorized under Global Database’s South Africa – Table ZA.G003: Population: Mid Year: by Group, Age and Sex.

South Africa Population: Mid Year: African: Female: 35 to 39 Years data was reported at 1,770,140.000 Person in 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 1,723,388.227 Person for 2017. South Africa Population: Mid Year: African: Female: 35 to 39 Years data is updated yearly, averaging 1,262,796.723 Person from Jun 2001 (Median) to 2018, with 18 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1,770,140.000 Person in 2018 and a record low of 1,055,631.000 Person in 2001. South Africa Population: Mid Year: African: Female: 35 to 39 Years data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Statistics South Africa. The data is categorized under Global Database’s South Africa – Table ZA.G003: Population: Mid Year: by Group, Age and Sex.