Delhi was the largest city in terms of number of inhabitants in India in 2023.The capital city was estimated to house nearly 33 million people, with Mumbai ranking second that year. India's population estimate was 1.4 billion, ahead of China that same year.

Comprehensive population and demographic data for Naz Village

Census: Population: Gujarat: Ahmedabad在03-01-2011达6,352,254.000人口，相较于03-01-2001的4,525,013.000人口有所增长。Census: Population: Gujarat: Ahmedabad数据按decadal更新，03-01-1901至03-01-2011期间平均值为1,041,665.000人口，共12份观测结果。该数据的历史最高值出现于03-01-2011，达6,352,254.000人口，而历史最低值则出现于03-01-1901，为185,889.000人口。CEIC提供的Census: Population: Gujarat: Ahmedabad数据处于定期更新的状态，数据来源于Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India，数据归类于India Premium Database的Demographic – Table IN.GAC011: Census: Population: By Towns and Urban Agglomerations: Gujarat。

Comprehensive population and demographic data for Baldana Village

Comprehensive population and demographic data for Bavla Tehsil

Comprehensive population and demographic data for Dahegamda Village

Background

The world is rapidly becoming urban with the global population living in cities projected to double by 2050. This increase in urbanization poses new challenges for the spread and control of communicable diseases such as malaria. In particular, urban environments create highly heterogeneous socio-economic and environmental conditions that can affect the transmission of vector-borne diseases dependent on human water storage and waste water management. Interestingly India, as opposed to Africa, harbors a mosquito vector, Anopheles stephensi, which thrives in the man-made environments of cities and acts as the vector for both Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum, making the malaria problem a truly urban phenomenon. Here we address the role and determinants of within-city spatial heterogeneity in the incidence patterns of vivax malaria, and then draw comparisons with results for falciparum malaria.

Methodology/principal findings

Statistical analyses and a phenomenological transmission model are applied to an extensive spatio-temporal dataset on cases of Plasmodium vivax in the city of Ahmedabad (Gujarat, India) that spans 12 years monthly at the level of wards. A spatial pattern in malaria incidence is described that is largely stationary in time for this parasite. Malaria risk is then shown to be associated with socioeconomic indicators and environmental parameters, temperature and humidity. In a more dynamical perspective, an Inhomogeneous Markov Chain Model is used to predict vivax malaria risk. Models that account for climate factors, socioeconomic level and population size show the highest predictive skill. A comparison to the transmission dynamics of falciparum malaria reinforces the conclusion that the spatio-temporal patterns of risk are strongly driven by extrinsic factors.

Conclusion/significance

Climate forcing and socio-economic heterogeneity act synergistically at local scales on the population dynamics of urban malaria in this city. The stationarity of malaria risk patterns provides a basis for more targeted intervention, such as vector control, based on transmission ‘hotspots’. This is especially relevant for P. vivax, a more resilient parasite than P. falciparum, due to its ability to relapse and the operational shortcomings of delivering a “radical cure”.

Comprehensive population and demographic data for Sher Village

Comprehensive population and demographic data for Odaki Village

Comprehensive population and demographic data for Vanaliya Village

Comprehensive population and demographic data for Kanotar Village

As of 2024, Mumbai had a gross domestic product of 368 billion U.S. dollars, the highest among other major cities in India. It was followed by Delhi with a GDP of around 167 billion U.S. dollars. India’s megacities also boast the highest GDP among other cities in the country. What drives the GDP of India’s megacities? Mumbai is the financial capital of the country, and its GDP growth is primarily fueled by the financial services sector, port-based trade, and the Hindi film industry or Bollywood. Delhi in addition to being the political hub hosts a significant services sector. The satellite cities of Noida and Gurugram amplify the city's economic status. The southern cities of Bengaluru and Chennai have emerged as IT and manufacturing hubs respectively. Hyderabad is a significant player in the pharma and IT industries. Lastly, the western city of Ahmedabad, in addition to its strategic location and ports, is powered by the textile, chemicals, and machinery sectors. Does GDP equal to quality of life? Cities propelling economic growth and generating a major share of GDP is a global phenomenon, as in the case of Tokyo, Shanghai, New York, and others. However, the GDP, which measures the market value of all final goods and services produced in a region, does not always translate to a rise in quality of life. Five of India’s megacities featured in the Global Livability Index, with low ranks among global peers. The Index was based on indicators such as healthcare, political stability, environment and culture, infrastructure, and others.

Comprehensive population and demographic data for Karshanpura Village

Comprehensive population and demographic data for Navapura Village

Comprehensive population and demographic data for Rahemalpur Village

Comprehensive population and demographic data for Lekhamba Village

Comprehensive population and demographic data for Nidhrad (Og) Village

Comprehensive population and demographic data for Odhav Village

Comprehensive population and demographic data for Pipan Village

Comprehensive population and demographic data for Gundi Village