Prior to 1829, the area of modern day Greece was largely under the control of the Ottoman Empire. In 1821, the Greeks declared their independence from the Ottomans, and achieved it within 8 years through the Greek War of Independence. The Independent Kingdom of Greece was established in 1829 and made up the southern half of present-day, mainland Greece, along with some Mediterranean islands. Over the next century, Greece's borders would expand and readjust drastically, through a number of conflicts and diplomatic agreements; therefore the population of Greece within those political borders** was much lower than the population in what would be today's borders. As there were large communities of ethnic Greeks living in neighboring countries during this time, particularly in Turkey, and the data presented here does not show the full extent of the First World War, Spanish Flu Pandemic and Greko-Turkish War on these Greek populations. While it is difficult to separate the fatalities from each of these events, it is estimated that between 500,000 and 900,000 ethnic Greeks died at the hands of the Ottomans between the years 1914 and 1923, and approximately 150,000 died due to the 1918 flu pandemic. These years also saw the exchange of up to one million Orthodox Christians from Turkey to Greece, and several hundred thousand Muslims from Greece to Turkey; this exchange is one reason why Greece's total population did not change drastically, despite the genocide, displacement and demographic upheaval of the 1910s and 1920s. Greece in WWII A new Hellenic Republic was established in 1924, which saw a decade of peace and modernization in Greece, however this was short lived. The Greek monarchy was reintroduced in 1935, and the prime minister, Ioannis Metaxas, headed a totalitarian government that remained in place until the Second World War. Metaxas tried to maintain Greek neutrality as the war began, however Italy's invasion of the Balkans made this impossible, and the Italian army tried invading Greece via Albania in 1940. The outnumbered and lesser-equipped Greek forces were able to hold off the Italian invasion and then push them backwards into Albania, marking the first Allied victory in the war. Following a series of Italian failures, Greece was eventually overrun when Hitler launched a German and Bulgarian invasion in April 1941, taking Athens within three weeks. Germany's involvement in Greece meant that Hitler's planned invasion of the Soviet Union was delayed, and Hitler cited this as the reason for it's failure (although most historians disagree with this). Over the course of the war approximately eight to eleven percent of the Greek population died due to fighting, extermination, starvation and disease; including over eighty percent of Greece's Jewish population in the Holocaust. Following the liberation of Greece in 1944, the country was then plunged into a civil war (the first major conflict of the Cold War), which lasted until 1949, and saw the British and American-supported government fight with Greek communists for control of the country. The government eventually defeated the Soviet-supported communist forces, and established American influence in the Aegean and Balkans throughout the Cold War. Post-war Greece From the 1950s until the 1970s, the Marshall Plan, industrialization and an emerging Tourism sector helped the Greek economy to boom, with one of the strongest growth rates in the world. Apart from the military coup, which ruled from 1967 to 1974, Greece remained relatively peaceful, prosperous and stable throughout the second half of the twentieth century. The population reached 11.2 million in the early 2000s, before going into decline for the past fifteen years. This decline came about due to a negative net migration rate and slowing birth rate, ultimately facilitated by the global financial crisis of 2007 and 2008; many Greeks left the country in search of work elsewhere, and the economic troubles have impacted the financial incentives that were previously available for families with many children. While the financial crisis was a global event, Greece was arguably the hardest-hit nation during the crisis, and suffered the longest recession of any advanced economy. The financial crisis has had a consequential impact on the Greek population, which has dropped by 800,000 in 15 years, and the average age has increased significantly, as thousands of young people migrate in search of employment.

Population, female (% of total population) in Greece was reported at 51.56 % in 2024, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Greece - Population, female (% of total) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on July of 2025.

Greece Population: Economically Inactive: Urban: Greater Athens data was reported at 1,174.800 Person th in Dec 2024. This records a decrease from the previous number of 1,190.100 Person th for Sep 2024. Greece Population: Economically Inactive: Urban: Greater Athens data is updated quarterly, averaging 1,192.550 Person th from Mar 2021 (Median) to Dec 2024, with 16 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1,429.500 Person th in Mar 2024 and a record low of 1,163.000 Person th in Jun 2024. Greece Population: Economically Inactive: Urban: Greater Athens data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Hellenic Statistical Authority. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Greece – Table GR.G008: Labour Force Survey: Economically Inactive: New Methodology.

According to the 2021 census, 643,450 people lived in the Athens municipality, making it the largest city in Greece. The second-most populated municipality, Thessaloniki, had approximately 319,050 inhabitants.

The total population in Greece was estimated at 10.4 million people in 2025, according to the latest census figures and projections from Trading Economics. This dataset provides - Greece Population - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

This statistic depicts the age distribution of Greece from 2013 to 2023. In 2023, about 13.59 percent of the Greek population fell into the 0-14 year category, 62.93 percent into the 15-64 age group and 23.48 percent were over 65 years of age.

Greece Population: Economically Inactive: Quarterly: Urban: Greater Athens data was reported at 1,258.000 Person th in Jun 2018. This records a decrease from the previous number of 1,265.100 Person th for Mar 2018. Greece Population: Economically Inactive: Quarterly: Urban: Greater Athens data is updated quarterly, averaging 1,333.800 Person th from Mar 1998 (Median) to Jun 2018, with 82 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1,423.500 Person th in Dec 2001 and a record low of 1,244.600 Person th in Jun 2017. Greece Population: Economically Inactive: Quarterly: Urban: Greater Athens data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Hellenic Statistical Authority. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Greece – Table GR.G008: Labour Force Survey: Economically Inactive.

The statistic depicts the median age in Greece from 1950 to 2100. The median age of a population is an index that divides the population into two equal groups: half of the population is older than the median age and the other half younger. In 2020, the median age of Greece's population was 44.3 years. See the Greek population figures for comparison.

From 1856 until 1907 both the male and female populations of Greece grow at a similar rate, with the number of men remaining slightly higher than women, the largest difference being 100 thousand people in 1896. This difference drops to just 18, thousand eleven years later, and from the next entry onwards the number of women is always larger than the number of men. This change in demographics is due to large changes in Greece's borders, with the population almost doubling in size between 1900 and 1950, as well as a number of major wars and civil unrest which had an unproportionate effect on the number of males. There were approximately 100,000 more males than females at the turn of the century, however this difference had flipped by 1950 where there was then over 200,000 more females than males.

From the 1950s onwards, the proportional difference in male and female populations decreases and the difference decreases to just 66 thousand in 2000. Both populations grow steadily throughout this time but then decrease together between 20110 and 2020. This This sudden decline is due to the economic impact on the Greek economy during the Great Recession. Many Greeks have left the country in search of work elsewhere, and the economic troubles have impacted the financial incentives that were previously available for families with many children, both factors contributing to a predicted population of 10.4 million in 2020, which is almost half a million lower than it was ten years previously. The proportional difference between men and women also increased during this time, and there are over 190 thousand more females than males in Greece in 2020, as men are statistically more likely to emigrate in search of work abroad.

The present dataset comprises the landmark coordinates of 158 intact crania (80 males and 78 females) of adult individuals from the Athens Collection. The 3D coordinates of up to 34 landmarks have been extracted from high quality textured 3D models produced with photogrammetry. The dataset aims to evaluate the correct classification performance of 3D-ID software. Hence, the dataset contains the landmark 3D coordinates both in Meshlab's PickedPoints files (.pp) but also in 3D-ID's input text format (.3did). The dataset is accompanied by certain GNU Octave scripts and functions used for data conversion and integrity check. For more details see the Dataset Description pdf.

Around 3.15 million people lived in the Athens metropolitan area, making it the largest metropolitan area in Greece in 2021. The second-most populated metropolitan area, Thessaloniki, had approximately 802,390 inhabitants. At the municipality level, Athens was the largest city in the country with 643,452 residents.

Between 2010 and 2023, the population of pet cats in Greece has grown by about ** thousand. The cat population stayed fairly constant from 2010 to 2020 and only started to increase more significantly in 2021.

The present dataset comprises the cranial morphometric features extracted with the skullanalyzer v1.0 program from two European population samples. The dataset is divided in two zip files. The first file (HMI.zip) contains all the Height Map Image related .csv files, which concern the morphometric features of the occipital protuberance, the supraorbital ridge, and the lateral and inferior mastoid processes, whereas the second file (Results.zip) contains the NasionBregmaSegment polylines saved in .csv format along with the complementary .mat files, which contain all morphometric features into a single structure saved as GNU Octave data text format.

The Czech sample consists of 170 individuals, whose cranial 3D models have been reconstructed from previously anonymized DICOM data stored at the Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Charles University. The Greek sample comprises 156 individuals, whose cranial 3D models have been produced with photogrammetry from the Athens Collection housed at the Department of Animal and Human Physiology, Faculty of Biology, School of Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens. The available .txt files contain the sex information for each individual along with an index referring to the filenames of morphometric features.

The present dataset was assembled as part of a study on cranial sex estimation and it is complementary to the implemented analysis code, which can be found here. The present dataset is made publicly available to enable the reproducibility of the aforementioned work but also to facilitate data sharing and engagement in further studies on cranial sex estimation.

Abstract

The Household Budget Survey (HBS) is a national survey collecting information from a representative sample of households, on households’ composition, members’ employment status, living conditions and, mainly, focusing on their members’ expenditure on goods and services as well as on their income. The expenditure information collected from households is very detailed. That is, information is not collected on the basis of total expenditure categories like "food", ‘'clothing - footwear', "health ", etc., but separately for each expenditure, for example, white bread, fresh whole milk, fresh beef etc, footwear for men, footwear for women etc., services of medical analysis laboratories, pharmaceutical products etc.

The main purpose of the HBS is to determine in detail the household expenditure pattern in order to revise the Consumer Price Index. Moreover, the HBS is the most appropriate source in order to: - Complete the available statistical data for the estimation of the total private consumption; - Study the households expenditures and their structure in relation to their income and other economic, social and demographic characteristics; - Analyze the changes in the living conditions of the households in comparison with the previous surveys; - Study the relationship between households purchases and receipts in kind; - Study low income limits in the different socio-economic categories and population groups; - Study the changes in the nutritional habits of the households.

Geographic coverage

National coverage

Analysis unit

• Households,
• Individuals.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Frequency of data collection

The frequency of data collection is continual spread within the reference year.

Sampling procedure

The HBS survey is based on a two-stage stratified sampling of households from a frame of sampling which has been created on the basis of the results of the 2011 population census as regards the three first semesters of 2013, while, as regards the fourth semester, the sampling frame was updated based on the results of the 2011 population census. The first level of stratification is the geographical stratification based on the division of the total country area into thirteen (13) standard administrative regions corresponding to the European NUTS 2 level. The two major city agglomerations of Greater Athens Area and Greater Thessalonica Area constitute two separate major geographical strata. The second level of stratification entails grouping municipalities and communes within each NUTS 2 Region by degree of urbanization. i.e. according to their population size. The scaling of urbanization was finally designed in four groups:

= 30000 inhabitants 5000 - 29999 inhabitants 1000 - 4999 inhabitants 0 - 999 inhabitants

The former Greater Athens Area was divided into 31 household strata of about equal size on the basis of the social and economic characteristics of the Municipalities / Municipal Units where the households belong. Similarly, the former Greater Thessaloniki Area was divided into 9 equally sized household strata. The two Major City Agglomerations account for 40% of total population. The sampling covers completely the reference population. The sampling units are the households, while the units of analysis are the households and their members. The survey is conducted on a representative random sample of all private households of the Country, which have members aged between 16-74 years old, irrespective of their size or socioeconomic characteristics. The survey does not cover the institutional households of all types (hotels, hospitals, boarding houses, elderly homes, prisons, rehabilitation centers, camps, etc.), the households with more than five lodgers and the households with foreigners serving in diplomatic missions.

In 2013, the survey was conducted on a final sample of 3,468 households (sampling fraction 0.08% of the estimated total number of households in the country).

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Response rate

The non-response rate before substitutions was 31.9% (1,106 households refused to co-operate, were absent or unable to communicate due to illness etc).