This statistic presents the results of a survey on perceived percentage of population over 65 years old by 2050 in Australia as of October 2018. According to data published by Ipsos, respondents in Australia overestimated the proportion of their population who will be over ** in 2050. On average, the respondents thought that around ** out of every 100 people in Australia will be over 65 years old in 2050, when the actual share of elderly population, according to projections by the World Bank, will be around ** percent in Australia.

Whereas the population is expected to decrease somewhat until 2100 in Asia, Europe, and South America, it is predicted to grow significantly in Africa. While there were 1.55 billion inhabitants on the continent at the beginning of 2025, the number of inhabitants is expected to reach 3.81 billion by 2100. In total, the global population is expected to reach nearly 10.18 billion by 2100. Worldwide population In the United States, the total population is expected to steadily increase over the next couple of years. In 2024, Asia held over half of the global population and is expected to have the highest number of people living in urban areas in 2050. Asia is home to the two most populous countries, India and China, both with a population of over one billion people. However, the small country of Monaco had the highest population density worldwide in 2024. Effects of overpopulation Alongside the growing worldwide population, there are negative effects of overpopulation. The increasing population puts a higher pressure on existing resources and contributes to pollution. As the population grows, the demand for food grows, which requires more water, which in turn takes away from the freshwater available. Concurrently, food needs to be transported through different mechanisms, which contributes to air pollution. Not every resource is renewable, meaning the world is using up limited resources that will eventually run out. Furthermore, more species will become extinct which harms the ecosystem and food chain. Overpopulation was considered to be one of the most important environmental issues worldwide in 2020.

Australia Number of Deaths data was reported at 314,904.000 Person in 2050. This records an increase from the previous number of 311,860.000 Person for 2049. Australia Number of Deaths data is updated yearly, averaging 165,316.000 Person from Jun 1986 (Median) to 2050, with 65 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 314,904.000 Person in 2050 and a record low of 117,325.000 Person in 1987. Australia Number of Deaths data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by U.S. Census Bureau. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Australia – Table AU.US Census Bureau: Demographic Projection.

Australia Number of Births data was reported at 349,712.000 Person in 2050. This records an increase from the previous number of 348,739.000 Person for 2049. Australia Number of Births data is updated yearly, averaging 311,023.000 Person from Jun 1986 (Median) to 2050, with 65 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 349,712.000 Person in 2050 and a record low of 243,677.000 Person in 1986. Australia Number of Births data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by U.S. Census Bureau. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Australia – Table AU.US Census Bureau: Demographic Projection.

1. Gridded data covering Australia for seasonal changes in meteorological, natural emissions and air pollution variables expected by 2050.
2. Timeseries data (monthly) for expected differences in air pollution variables by 2050 for Australia's population centres Lineage: CSIRO Chemical Transport Model. Details of emission inventories and climate data used are contained within the attached document "Readme.docx"

By quantifying the length of time after fire for obligate-seeding plant species to become reproductively mature (the juvenile period), the risk of population decline under specific fire intervals can be delineated to inform local fire and conservation management. In this project, juvenile period data for serotinous obligate-seeder taxa across south-west Australia were collated from several studies. Linear models were then developed to estimate juvenile period based on measures of environmental productivity. These models were then spatially projected to the classic and drier Mediterranean agro-climatic class areas (Hutchinson et al. 2005) within south-west Australia. JP - 2050 RCP 4.5 – Juvenile period as years until 50% of individuals in the population have flowered under future conditions (30-year period centred on 2050) with the RCP 4.5 emissions scenario based on a model featuring annual precipitation. (Fig 5 b) JP - 2× 2050 RCP 4.5 - Juvenile period as 2× years until 50% of individuals in the population have flowered under future conditions (30-year period centred on 2050) with the RCP 4.5 emissions scenario based on a model featuring annual precipitation. (Fig 5 b –2× legend). Please see full metadata in 'Resources' section below.

In a recent study conducted in 2020, employment in Australia was estimated to contract by *** thousand people in 2050 in a scenario where no action on climate change was taken in the country. Furthermore, the the number of employees was estimated to reduce by *** thousand in 2070 if climate change was not mitigated.

this graph was created in R:

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driven primarily by high birth rates in developing countries and advancements in healthcare. According to the United Nations, the global population surpassed 8 billion in 2023, marking a critical milestone in human history. This growth, however, is unevenly distributed across continents and countries, leading to varied population densities and urban pressures.

Surface area and population density play vital roles in shaping the demographic and economic landscape of each country. For instance, countries with large land masses such as Russia, Canada, and Australia have low population densities despite their significant populations, as vast portions of their land are sparsely populated or uninhabitable. Conversely, nations like Bangladesh and South Korea exhibit extremely high population densities due to smaller land areas combined with large populations.

Population density, measured as the number of people per square kilometer, affects resource availability, environmental sustainability, and quality of life. High-density areas face greater challenges in housing, infrastructure, and environmental management, often experiencing increased pollution and resource strain. In contrast, low-density areas may struggle with underdeveloped infrastructure and limited access to services due to the dispersed population.

Urbanization trends are another important aspect of these dynamics. As people migrate to cities seeking better economic opportunities, urban areas grow more densely populated, amplifying the need for efficient land use and sustainable urban planning. The UN reports that over half of the world’s population currently resides in urban areas, with this figure expected to rise to nearly 70% by 2050. This shift requires nations to balance population growth and density with sustainable development strategies to ensure a higher quality of life and environmental stewardship for future generations.

Through an understanding of population size, surface area, and density, policymakers can better address challenges related to urban development, rural depopulation, and resource allocation, supporting a balanced approach to population management and economic development.

Female life expectancy is forecast to increase in every world region from 2023 to 2050, underlining the challenges of an aging population in several countries. Australia and New Zealand were forecast to have the highest female life expectancy at birth in 2050, reaching **** years. On the other hand, Sub-Saharan Africa was forecast to have the lowest, below 70 years.