Historical dataset of population level and growth rate for the Bonn, Germany metro area from 1950 to 2025.

In the immediate aftermath of the Second World War, Germany was split into four zones, each administered by France, the United Kingdom, the United States and the Soviet Union respectively. In 1949, the Soviet-controlled zone formed the German Democratic Republic (East Germany), while the rest became the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany). In this time, Berlin was also split into four zones, and the three non-Soviet zones formed West Berlin, which was a part of West Germany (although the West's administrative capital was moved to Bonn). One population grows, while the other declines Between 1949 and 1961, an estimated 2.7 million people migrated from East to West Germany. East Germany had a communist government with a socialist economy and was a satellite state of the Soviet Union, whereas West Germany was a liberal democracy with a capitalist economy, and western autonomy increased over time. Because of this difference, West Germany was a much freer society with more economic opportunities. During the German partition, the population of the west grew, from 51 million in 1950 to 62.7 million in 1989, whereas the population of East Germany declined from 18.4 million to just 16.4 million during this time. Little change after reunification In 1989, after four decades of separation, the process of German reunification began. The legal and physical barriers that had split the country were removed, and Germans could freely travel within the entire country. Despite this development, population growth patterns did not change. The population of the 'new states' (East Germany) continued to decline, whereas the population of the west grew, particularly in the 1990s, the first decade after reunification. The reasons for this continued imbalance between German population in the east and west, is mostly due to a low birth rate and internal migration within Germany. Despite the fact that levels of income and unemployment in the new states have gotten closer to those reported for the west (a major obstacle after reunification), life and opportunities in the west continue to attract young Germans from rural areas in the east with detrimental effect on the economy and demography of the new states.

Population economic, traffic, education and environmental data for the eleven states of the Federal Republic.

Topics: population level, actual and predicted population development; movings; proportion of children; proportion of persons capable of employment; proportion of old people; welfare recipients; proportion of foreigners; gross product; those covered by social security according to area of business or sectors as well as according to education level; sum of wages and salaries; company training vacancies; vocational students; unemployment rate; long-term unemployed; workforce surplus; scientific personnel at as well as outside of universities; research support expenditures of businesses; teletex and telefax connections; agriculturally productive land; land quality; agricultural company size; proportion of primary agricultural companies; proportion of employees in tourism; number of beds in the hotel and catering trade; proportion of overnight stays; tax revenue; federal and state financial allocations; business tax revenue; rate of assessment; effective tax volume; municipality proportion of income tax; completed residences; proportion of new construction in the total on hand; proportion of one to two room apartments in newly-built apartments; area available for construction; land prices; proportion of pupils in third year of secondary school; school-leavers entitled to university admission; those wanting to study; proportion of students; available openings at university in the individual majors or faculties; relation of students to number of college instructors; proportion of doctors per resident; bed capacity for the severely ill; energy prices; proportion of households with natural gas; use of district heating; vehicle density; proportion of municipalities with Federal Railway connection; harmful substance emmission data for private households and industry; proportion of residents with central water supply; daily water consumption; proportion of ground water and spring water in the public water supply; connection to sewage plant; proportion of biologically treated public sewage; relation of areas with building to free space; free space per resident; recreation areas; natural areas; area for traffic; intensive and special culture areas; numbers of cattle and horses; domestic refuse per resident; amount of trash disposed of; garbage incineration or disposal site.

This map shows ethnic fractionalization. The Ethnic Fractionalization Index is calculated using data from the 2007 Population and Housing Census. The striped areas show where marginality hotspots are. The map reveals that marginality hotspots are ethnically more homogeneous than non-hotspot areas. Quality/Lineage: This map shows the ethnic fractionalization index as developed by Taylor and Hudson (1970). The index is calculated as 1- sum(gi), where g is the proportion of people belonging to ethnic group i. The sum runs from 1 to n, where n is the number of ethnic groups in the country. The data used is taken from the 2007 Population and Housing Census (CSA, 2008) and is available on woreda (district) level.

The subject matter is the historical development of North Rhine-Westphalian independent towns and districts according to the number of municipalities, their area and their inhabitants and population density. North Rhine-Westphalia was founded shortly after the Second World War on 23 August 1946. The special feature of this study is that the development of the towns and districts was calculated back to 1871 while keeping the area constant so that a historical comparison is possible. Long before the formation of the state of North Rhine-Westphalia in 1816, urban and rural districts were formed in the government districts within the new Prussian provinces, which were newly created at that time and had mostly not changed much to this day. They were summarized in the Prussian circle orders as circles and accordingly also in the Prussian statistics always summarized.

Nevertheless, numerous municipal reorganizations that took place in the course of time after 1946 were also a challenge for the statistical presentation of the development of the districts and cities.

The exterior of today´s 23 district-free towns with an average size of 169 square kilometers and 31 districts with an average of 974 square kilometers has changed fundamentally compared to the initial level of 1816/17 when four districts with an average of 20 square kilometers and 74 districts with approx. 440 square kilometers existed in the then Prussian area of today´s North Rhine-Westphalia. The purely numerical change from an initial 78 urban and rural districts to today´s 54 district-free towns and districts is also gaining in importance in view of the fact that between 1816 and 1975 a total of 176 municipal administrative districts were established in the entire North Rhine-Westphalian region - even if they did not exist at the same time - of which 122 disappeared again.

The figures published here are primarily intended to provide initial indications and some further aids for a fundamental orientation within the indicated confusion of the development of district-free cities and districts, including their statistical presentation. For this purpose, the note section is essential, which could not be completely adopted in the downloadable tables.

Due to the changed system, most of the tables for 1987 were not included in the tables available for download here. The comprehensive notes and tables can also be viewed in the attached PDF document.

advice The following studies are in preparation for the same zoning: Data on the population by age, gender, marital status and religion Data on the economically active population data on workplaces and employees, and data on the number of residential buildings

A. Düsseldorf administrative district A.01 General overview of the administrative district Düsseldorf with its municipalities (towns and rural municipalities) A.02 Urban districts and independent cities in the Düsseldorf administrative district A.03 Administrative districts of Düsseldorf A.03.01 Reg-Bez. Düsseldorf: the district of Düsseldorf A.03.02 Reg-Bez. Düsseldorf: the district of Kleve A.03.03 Reg-Bez. Düsseldorf: the district Dienslaken A.03.04 Reg-Bez. Düsseldorf: the district of Geldern A.03.05 Reg. district of Düsseldorf: the Grevenbroich district A.03.06 Reg-Bez. Düsseldorf: the district Kempen-Krefeld A.03.07 Reg-Bez. Düsseldorf: the district of Moers A.03.08 Reg-Bez. Düsseldorf: the district Rees A.03.09 Reg-Bez. Düsseldorf: the district Solingen-Lennep respectively Rhein-Wupper-Kreis A.03.10 Reg-Bez. Düsseldorf: the district of Essen A.03.11 Reg. district of Düsseldorf: the Gladbach district A.03.12 Reg-Bez. Düsseldorf: the district Mülheim a.d.Ruhr

B.. Cologne administrative district B.01 General overview of the administrative district of Cologne and its municipalities (towns and rural municipalities) B.02 Urban districts and independent cities in the Cologne administrative district B.03 Administrative districts of Cologne B.03.01 Reg-Bez. Cologne: the district Bergheim B.03.02 Reg-Bez. Cologne: the district of Bonn B.03.03 Reg-Bez. Cologne: the district of Euskirchen B.03.04 Reg-Bez. Cologne: the district Gummersbach B.03.05 Reg-Bez. Cologne: the district of Cologne B.03.06 Reg-Bez. Cologne: the district Mülheim am Rhein B.03.07 Reg-Bez. Cologne: the district Rheinbach B.03.08 Reg-Bez. Cologne: the district Waldbröl B.03.09 Reg-Bez. Cologne: the district Wipperfürth B.03.10 Reg. ref. Cologne: the winning circle B.03.11 Reg-Bez. Cologne: the Oberberg district B.03.12 Reg-Bez. Cologne: the Rheinisch-Bergische Kreis

C. Aachen administrative district C.01 General overview of the administrative district Aachen with its municipalities (towns and rural municipalities) C.02 Municipalities and independent towns in the administrative district of Aachen C.03 Administrative districts of the administrative district of Aachen C.03.01 Reg-Bez. Aachen: the administrative district of Aachen C.03.02 Reg-Bez. Aachen: the district of Düren C.03.03...

Oral survey in Eastern Germany and telephone interview in Western Germany

Secondary data on social indicators and public expenditure on district and regional level in Tanzania (1996-2010), as for example: THINV: Logarithm of deflated public per capita spending on health in the short- and long term (total spending of the current and the last five budget years) SANI: Latrines per 100 pupils INFRA: Percentage of women and men age 15-49 who reported serious problems in accessing health care due to the distance to the next health facility URB: Percentage of people living in urban areas TAINV: Logarithm of deflated public per capita spending on agriculture (current and previous budget year)* BREASTF: Percentage who started breastfeeding within 1 hour of birth, among the last children born in the five years preceding the survey IODINE: Percentage of households with adequate iodine content of salt (15+ ppm) MEDU: Percentage of women age 15-49 who completed grade 6 at the secondary level VACC: Percentage of children age 12-23 months with a vaccination card TWINV: Logarithm of deflated public per capita spending on water in the short- and long term (total spending of the current and the last five budget years)* TEINV: Logarithm of deflated public per capita spending on education in the short- and long term (total spending of the current and the last five budget years)* LABOUR: Percentage of women and men employed in the 12 months preceding the survey LAND: Per capita farmland in ha (including the area under temporary mono/mixed crops, permanent mono/mixed crops and the area under pasture) RAIN: Yearly rainfall in mm etc. Purpose: The uploaded data were the basis for the following PhD-thesis: The optimal allocation of scarce resources for health improvement is a crucial factor to lower the burden of disease and to strengthen the productive capacities of people living in developing countries. This research project aims to devise tools in narrowing the gap between the actual allocation and a more efficient allocation of resources for health in the case of Tanzania. Firstly, the returns from alternative government spending across sectors such as agriculture, water etc. are analysed. Maximisation of the amount of Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) averted per dollar invested is used as criteria. A Simultaneous Equation Model (SEM) is developed to estimate the required elasticities. The results of the quantitative analysis show that the highest returns on DALYs are obtained by investments in improved nutrition and access to safe water sources, followed by spending on sanitation. Secondly, focusing on the health sector itself, scarce resources for health improvement create the incentive to prioritise certain health interventions. Using the example of malaria, the objective of the second stage is to evaluate whether interventions are prioritized in such a way that the marginal dollar goes to where it has the highest effect on averting DALYs. PopMod, a longitudinal population model, is used to estimate the cost-effectiveness of six isolated and combined malaria intervention approaches. The results of the longitudinal population model show that preventive interventions such as insecticide–treated bed nets (ITNs) and intermittent presumptive treatment with Sulphadoxine-Pyrimethamine (SP) during pregnancy had the highest health returns (both US$ 41 per DALY averted). The third part of this dissertation focuses on the political economy aspect of the allocation of scarce resources for health improvement. The objective here is to positively assess how political party competition and the access to mass media directly affect the distribution of district resources for health improvement. Estimates of cross-sectional and panel data regression analysis imply that a one-percentage point smaller difference (the higher the competition is) between the winning party and the second-place party leads to a 0.151 percentage point increase in public health spending, which is significant at the five percent level. In conclusion, we can say that cross-sectoral effects, the cost-effectiveness of health interventions and the political environment are important factors at play in the country’s resource allocation decisions. In absolute terms, current financial resources to lower the burden of disease in Tanzania are substantial. However, there is a huge potential in optimizing the allocation of these resources for a better health return.

The subject matter is the historical development of North Rhine-Westphalian independent towns and districts according to the number of municipalities, their area and their inhabitants and population density. North Rhine-Westphalia was founded shortly after the Second World War on 23 August 1946. The special feature of this study is that the development of the towns and districts was calculated back to 1871 while keeping the area constant so that a historical comparison is possible. Long before the formation of the state of North Rhine-Westphalia in 1816, urban and rural districts were formed in the government districts within the new Prussian provinces, which were newly created at that time and had mostly not changed much to this day. They were summarized in the Prussian circle orders as circles and accordingly also in the Prussian statistics always summarized.

Nevertheless, numerous municipal reorganizations that took place in the course of time after 1946 were also a challenge for the statistical presentation of the development of the districts and cities.

The exterior of today´s 23 district-free towns with an average size of 169 square kilometers and 31 districts with an average of 974 square kilometers has changed fundamentally compared to the initial level of 1816/17 when four districts with an average of 20 square kilometers and 74 districts with approx. 440 square kilometers existed in the then Prussian area of today´s North Rhine-Westphalia. The purely numerical change from an initial 78 urban and rural districts to today´s 54 district-free towns and districts is also gaining in importance in view of the fact that between 1816 and 1975 a total of 176 municipal administrative districts were established in the entire North Rhine-Westphalian region - even if they did not exist at the same time - of which 122 disappeared again.

The figures published here are primarily intended to provide initial indications and some further aids for a fundamental orientation within the indicated confusion of the development of district-free cities and districts, including their statistical presentation. For this purpose, the note section is essential, which could not be completely adopted in the downloadable tables.

Due to the changed system, most of the tables for 1987 were not included in the tables available for download here. The comprehensive notes and tables can also be viewed in the attached PDF document.

advice The following studies are in preparation for the same zoning: Data on the population by age, gender, marital status and religion Data on the economically active population data on workplaces and employees, and data on the number of residential buildings

A. Düsseldorf administrative district A.01 General overview of the administrative district Düsseldorf with its municipalities (towns and rural municipalities) A.02 Urban districts and independent cities in the Düsseldorf administrative district A.03 Administrative districts of Düsseldorf A.03.01 Reg-Bez. Düsseldorf: the district of Düsseldorf A.03.02 Reg-Bez. Düsseldorf: the district of Kleve A.03.03 Reg-Bez. Düsseldorf: the district Dienslaken A.03.04 Reg-Bez. Düsseldorf: the district of Geldern A.03.05 Reg. district of Düsseldorf: the Grevenbroich district A.03.06 Reg-Bez. Düsseldorf: the district Kempen-Krefeld A.03.07 Reg-Bez. Düsseldorf: the district of Moers A.03.08 Reg-Bez. Düsseldorf: the district Rees A.03.09 Reg-Bez. Düsseldorf: the district Solingen-Lennep respectively Rhein-Wupper-Kreis A.03.10 Reg-Bez. Düsseldorf: the district of Essen A.03.11 Reg. district of Düsseldorf: the Gladbach district A.03.12 Reg-Bez. Düsseldorf: the district Mülheim a.d.Ruhr

B.. Cologne administrative district B.01 General overview of the administrative district of Cologne and its municipalities (towns and rural municipalities) B.02 Urban districts and independent cities in the Cologne administrative district B.03 Administrative districts of Cologne B.03.01 Reg-Bez. Cologne: the district Bergheim B.03.02 Reg-Bez. Cologne: the district of Bonn B.03.03 Reg-Bez. Cologne: the district of Euskirchen B.03.04 Reg-Bez. Cologne: the district Gummersbach B.03.05 Reg-Bez. Cologne: the district of Cologne B.03.06 Reg-Bez. Cologne: the district Mülheim am Rhein B.03.07 Reg-Bez. Cologne: the district Rheinbach B.03.08 Reg-Bez. Cologne: the district Waldbröl B.03.09 Reg-Bez. Cologne: the district Wipperfürth B.03.10 Reg. ref. Cologne: the winning circle B.03.11 Reg-Bez. Cologne: the ...

aachen-kreis aachen-krfr_-stadt bielefeld-krfr_-stadt bochum-krfr_-stadt bonn-krfr_-stadt borken-kreis bottrop-krfr_-stadt coesfeld-kreis dortmund-krfr_-stadt drei-oder-mehr-behinderungen du_ren-kreis du_sseldorf-krfr_-stadt duisburg-krfr_-stadt eine-behinderung ennepe-ruhr-kreis essen-krfr_-stadt euskirchen-kreis gelsenkirchen-krfr_-stadt geschlecht gu_tersloh-kreis hagen-krfr_-stadt hamm-krfr_-stadt heinsberg-kreis herford-kreis herne-krfr_-stadt ho_xter-kreis hochsauerlandkreis kleve-kreis ko_ln-krfr_-stadt krefeld-krfr_-stadt kreisfreie-sta_dte-und-kreise leverkusen-krfr_-stadt lippe-kreis ma_nnlich ma_rkischer-kreis mettmann-kreis minden-lu_bbecke-kreis mo_nchengladbach-krfr_-stadt mu_lheim-an-der-ruhr-krfr_-stadt mu_nster-krfr_-stadt oberbergischer-kreis oberhausen-krfr_-stadt olpe-kreis paderborn-kreis recklinghausen-kreis remscheid-krfr_-stadt rhein-erft-kreis rhein-kreis-neuss rhein-sieg-kreis rheinisch-bergischer-kreis schwerbehinderte siegen-wittgenstein-kreis soest-kreis solingen-krfr_-stadt sta_dteregion-aachen-einschl_-stadt-aachen statistik-der-schwerbehinderten-menschen steinfurt-kreis stichtag unna-kreis viersen-kreis warendorf-kreis weiblich wesel-kreis wuppertal-krfr_-stadt zahl-der-behinderungen zwei-behinderungen