Chart and table of population level and growth rate for the Cebu City, Philippines metro area from 1950 to 2025.

On Friday, November 8, typhoon Haiyan (category 5 on the Saffir-Simpson scale) hit the Philippines at 4:40 a.m. local time. With wind speeds of more than 300 km/h, the typhoon moved west-northwest across the islands of Samar and Leyte, triggering numerous storm surges that caused extensive destruction. According to official estimates, thousands of people died, hundreds of thousands became homeless.The map shows the population distribution in the northern part of the island of Cebu and includes the administrative regions of Daanbantayan and Medellin. Population data for the year 2010 were obtained from AsiaPop (www.asiapop.org).Furthermore, the number of inhabitants per municipality is presented in tabular form. Please note that small white areas in the map were created by combining different data sources.

In 2023, one public health nurse was serving ***** people in the Philippines. Across regions, CALABARZON accounted for the highest nurse-to-population ratio at *****, followed by the Central Luzon Region (Region 3). In contrast, there were ***** people for every nurse in the CAR.

Abstract

The Labor Force Survey is a nationwide survey of households conducted regularly to gather data on the demographic and socio-economic characteristics of the population. It is primarily geared towards the estimation of the levels of employment in the country.

The Labor Force Survey aims to provide a quantitative framework for the preparation of plans and formulation of policies affecting the labor market. Specifically, the survey is designed to provide statistics on levels and trends of employment, unemployment and underemployment for the Philippines, as a whole and for each of the administrative regions, including provinces and key cities.

Geographic coverage

National coverage, the sample design has been drawn in such a way that accurate lower level classification would be possible. The 73 provinces, 14 cities of the Philippines are covered.

Analysis unit

• Person/ individual

Universe

The survey covered all persons 10 years old and over. Persons who reside in institutions are not covered.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The sampling design of the Labor Force Survey adopts that of the Integrated Survey of Households (ISH), which uses a stratified two-stage sampling design. It is prepared by the NEDA Technical Committee on Survey Design and first implemented in 1984. It is the same sampling design used in the ISH modules starting in 1986.

The urban and rural areas of each province are the principal domains of the survey. In addition, the urban and rural areas of cities with a population of 150,000 or more as of 1980 are also made domains of the survey. These cities are the four cities in Metro Manila (Manila, Quezon City, Pasay and Caloocan); and the cities of Angeles, Olongapo,, Bacolod, Iloilo, Cebu, Zamboanga, Butuan, Cagayan de Oro, Davao, and Iligan.

The rest of Metro Manila, i.e., Pasig, Makati and the 11 other municipalities, are treated as three separate domains. In the case of Makati, six exclusive villages are identified and samples are selected using a different scheme. These villages are Forbes Park, Bel-Air, Dasmarinas, San Lorenzo, Urdaneta and Magallanes.

Sampling Units and Sampling Frame The primary sampling units (PSUs) under the sample design are the barangays and the households within each sample barangay comprise the secondary sampling units (SSUs). The frame from which the sample barangays are drawn is obtained from the 1980 Census of Population and Housing (CPH). Hence, all the approximately 40,000 barangays covered in the 1980 CPH are part of the primary sampling frame. The sampling frame for the SSUs, that is, the households, is prepared by listing all households in each of the selected sample barangays. The listing operation is conducted regularly in the sample barangays to update the secondary sampling frame from where the sample households are selected.

Sample Size and Sampling Fraction The size of the sample is envisioned to meet the demand for fairly adequate statistics at the domain level. Taking this need into account and considering cost constraints as well, the decision reached is for a national sample of about 20,000 households. In general, the sample design results in self-weighting samples within domains, with a uniform sampling fraction of 1:400 for urban and 1:600 for rural areas. However, special areas are assigned different sampling fractions so as to obtain "adequate" samples for each. Special areas refer to the urban and rural areas of a province or large city which are small relative to their counterparts.

Selection of Samples For the purpose of selecting PSUs, the barangay in each domain are arranged by population size (as of the 1980 Census of Population) in descending order and then grouped into strata of approximately equal sizes. Four independent PSUs are drawn with probability proportional to size with complete replacement.

Secondary sampling units are selected systematiclally with a random start.

Sampling deviation

Replacement of non-responding or transferred sample households is allowed although it is still possible to have non-response cases due to critical peace and order situation or inaccessibility of the selected sample households. If there are unenumerated barangays or sample households, non-response adjustments are utilized.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The items of information presented in the January 1991 Quarterly Labor Force Survey questionnaire were derived from a structured questionnaire covering the demographic and economic characteristics of individuals. The demographic characteristics include age, sex, relationship to household head, marital status, and highest grade completed. The economic characteristics include employment status, occupation, industry, nomal working hours, total hours worked, class of worker, etc.

Cleaning operations

Data processing involves two stages: manual processing and machine processing. Manual processing refers to the manual editing and coding of questionnaires. This was done prior to machine processing which entailed code validation, consistency checks as well as tabulation.

Enumeration is a very complex operation and may happen that accomplished questionnaires may have some omissions and implausible or inconsistent entries. Editing is meant to correct these errors.

For purposes of operational convenience, field editing was done. The interviewers were required to review the entries at the end of each interview. Blank items, which were applicable to the respondents, were verified and filled out. Before being transmitted to the regional office, all questionnaires were edited in the field offices.

Coding, the transformation of information from the questionnaire to machine readable form, was likewise done in the field offices.

Machine processing involved all operations that were done with the use of a computer and/or its accessories, that is, from data encoding to tabulation. Coded data are usually in such media as tapes and diskettes. Machine editing is preferred to ensure correctness of encoded information. Except for sample completeness check and verification of geographic identification which are the responsibility of the subject matter division, some imputations and corrections of entries are done mechanically.

Response rate

The response rate for January 1991 LFS was 99.91 percent. The non-response rate of 0.09 percent was due to crticial peace and order situation or inaccessibility of the selected sample or sample households.

Sampling error estimates

Standard Error (SE) and Coefficient of Variation (CV) for the selected variables of the Labor Force Survey (LFS) for January 1991 survey round was computed using the statistical package IMPS. The selected variables referred to include the employment, unemployment and labor force population levels and rates.

A sampling error is usually measured in terms of the standard error for a particular statistic. A standard error is a measure of dispersion of an estimate from the expected value.

The SE can be used to calculate confidence intervals within which the true value for the population can be estimated, while the CV is a measure of relative variability that is commonly used to assess the precision of survey estimates.

The CV is defined as the ratio of the standard error and the estimate. An estimate with CV value of less than 10 percent is considered precise.

In the Philippines' Central Visayas region, the morbidity rate of animal bites per 100,000 population amounted to around 111.2 in 2021. In contrast, the morbidity rate of fever of unknown origin per 100,000 inhabitants was 3.7.

Chart and table of population level and growth rate for the Mandaue City, Philippines metro area from 1950 to 2025.

V pátek 8. listopadu zasáhl Filipíny tajfun Haiyan (kategorie 5 na stupnici Saffir-Simpson) ve 4:40 místního času. S rychlostí větru více než 300 km/h se tajfun pohyboval západo-severozápadně přes ostrovy Samar a Leyte, což vyvolalo četné bouře, které způsobily rozsáhlé destrukce. Podle oficiálních odhadů zemřely tisíce lidí, stovky tisíc se staly bezdomovci.Mapa ukazuje rozložení populace v severní části ostrova Cebu a zahrnuje administrativní oblasti Daanbantayan a Medellin. Údaje o počtu obyvatel za rok 2010 byly získány z AsiaPop (www.asiapop.org). Kromě toho je počet obyvatel na obec uveden v tabulkové podobě. Vezměte prosím na vědomí, že malé bílé plochy na mapě byly vytvořeny kombinací různých zdrojů dat.

Abstract

This survey was conducted in Philippines between November 2014 and May 2016, as part of the Enterprise Survey project, an initiative of the World Bank. The objective of the survey is to obtain feedback from enterprises on the state of the private sector as well as to help in building a panel of enterprise data that will make it possible to track changes in the business environment over time, thus allowing, for example, impact assessments of reforms. Through interviews with firms in the manufacturing and services sectors, the survey assesses the constraints to private sector growth and creates statistically significant business environment indicators that are comparable across countries. Only registered businesses are surveyed in the Enterprise Survey.

Data from 1,335 establishments was analyzed. Stratified random sampling was used to select the surveyed businesses. The data was collected using face-to-face interviews.

The standard Enterprise Survey topics include firm characteristics, gender participation, access to finance, annual sales, costs of inputs/labor, workforce composition, bribery, licensing, infrastructure, trade, crime, competition, capacity utilization, land and permits, taxation, informality, business-government relations, innovation and technology, and performance measures. Over 90% of the questions objectively ascertain characteristics of a country's business environment. The remaining questions assess the survey respondents' opinions on what are the obstacles to firm growth and performance.

Geographic coverage

Metro Manila, NCR excluding Manila, Metro Cebu, Central Luzon, and Calabarzon

Analysis unit

The primary sampling unit of the study is the establishment. An establishment is a physical location where business is carried out and where industrial operations take place or services are provided. A firm may be composed of one or more establishments. For example, a brewery may have several bottling plants and several establishments for distribution. For the purposes of this survey an establishment must make its own financial decisions and have its own financial statements separate from those of the firm. An establishment must also have its own management and control over its payroll.

Universe

The whole population, or universe of the study, is the non-agricultural economy. It comprises: all manufacturing sectors according to the group classification of ISIC Revision 3.1: (group D), construction sector (group F), services sector (groups G and H), and transport, storage, and communications sector (group I). Note that this definition excludes the following sectors: financial intermediation (group J), real estate and renting activities (group K, except sub-sector 72, IT, which was added to the population under study), and all public or utilities-sectors.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The sample was selected using stratified random sampling. Three levels of stratification were used in this country: industry, establishment size, and region.

Industry stratification was designed in the way that follows: the universe was stratified into five manufacturing industries and two services industries: Food and Beverages (ISIC Rev. 3.1 code 15), Garments (ISIC code 18), Non-metallic mineral products (ISIC code 26), Fabricated metal products (ISIC code 28), Other Manufacturing (ISIC codes 16,17, 19-25, 27, 29-37), Retail (ISIC code 52) and Other Services (ISIC codes 45, 50, 51, 55, 60-64, and 72).

Size stratification was defined following the standardized definition for the rollout: small (5 to 19 employees), medium (20 to 99 employees), and large (more than 99 employees).

Regional stratification for the Philippines ES was done across five regions: Metro Manila, NCR excluding Manila, Metro Cebu, Central Luzon, and Calabarzon.

The sample frame consisted of listings of firms from two sources: First, for panel firms the list of 1326 firms from the Philippines 2009 ES was used. Second, for fresh firms (i.e., firms not covered in 2009), economic census data from Philippines Statistics Authority (PSA) was used.

The quality of the frame was enhanced by the verification process conducted by OIJ Business Partners. However, the sample frame was not immune from the typical problems found in establishment surveys: positive rates of non-eligibility, repetition, non-existent units, etc.

Given the impact that non-eligible units included in the sample universe may have on the results, adjustments may be needed when computing the appropriate weights for individual observations. The percentage of confirmed non-eligible units as a proportion of the total number of sampled establishments contacted for the survey was 3.7% (135 out of 3,649 establishments).

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The structure of the data base reflects the fact that two different versions of the survey instrument were used for all registered establishments. Questionnaires have common questions (core module) and respectfully additional manufacturing- and services-specific questions. The eligible manufacturing industries have been surveyed using the Manufacturing questionnaire (includes the core module, plus manufacturing specific questions). Retail firms have been interviewed using the Services questionnaire (includes the core module plus retail specific questions) and the residual eligible services have been covered using the Services questionnaire (includes the core module). Each variation of the questionnaire is identified by the index variable, a0.

Cleaning operations

Data entry and quality controls are implemented by the contractor and data is delivered to the World Bank in batches (typically 10%, 50% and 100%). These data deliveries are checked for logical consistency, out of range values, skip patterns, and duplicate entries. Problems are flagged by the World Bank and corrected by the implementing contractor through data checks, callbacks, and revisiting establishments.

Response rate

Survey non-response must be differentiated from item non-response. The former refers to refusals to participate in the survey altogether whereas the latter refers to the refusals to answer some specific questions. Enterprise Surveys suffer from both problems and different strategies were used to address these issues.

Item non-response was addressed by two strategies: a- For sensitive questions that may generate negative reactions from the respondent, such as corruption or tax evasion, enumerators were instructed to collect "Refusal to respond" (-8) as a different option from "Don't know" (-9). b- Establishments with incomplete information were re-contacted in order to complete this information, whenever necessary.

Survey non-response was addressed by maximizing efforts to contact establishments that were initially selected for interview. Attempts were made to contact the establishment for interview at different times/days of the week before a replacement establishment (with similar strata characteristics) was suggested for interview. Survey non-response did occur but substitutions were made in order to potentially achieve strata-specific goals.

The number of interviews per contacted establishments was 0.36. This number is the result of two factors: explicit refusals to participate in the survey, as reflected by the rate of rejection (which includes rejections of the screener and the main survey) and the quality of the sample frame, as represented by the presence of ineligible units. The number of rejections per contact was 0.34.

Market Size for Philippines Toys and Games Market on the Basis of Revenue in PHP Billion, 2018-2024 In 2023, Toy Kingdom introduced new interactive toys aimed at enhancing children's cognitive development and social skills. These innovative products have gained traction in key cities like Metro Manila and Cebu, which are pivotal markets due to their higher population densities and advanced retail infrastructures. The Philippines toys and games market reached a valuation of PHP 15 billion in 2023, driven by rising disposable incomes, a growing young population, and increased demand for educational and interactive toys. Major players such as Toy Kingdom, Toys "R" Us, Richprime Global, and SM Department Store dominate the market with their extensive distribution networks, diverse product offerings, and customer-focused strategies.

Market Size for Philippines Consumer Electronics Industry on the Basis of Revenues in USD Billion, 2018-2024 In 2023, Xiaomi launched a new range of affordable smart home devices, targeting budget-conscious consumers and contributing to its strong market growth. Metro Manila and Cebu are key markets due to their high population density and robust retail infrastructure. The Philippines consumer electronics market reached a valuation of PHP 300 billion in 2023, driven by rising consumer disposable income, increased digitalization, and the growing demand for smart home devices. The market is characterized by major players such as Samsung, LG, Sony, Huawei, and Xiaomi, who dominate the market with their extensive product portfolios and strong distribution networks. These companies are recognized for their focus on innovation, customer-centric services, and comprehensive after-sales support.

For the 2022 national elections, the most vote-rich province in the Philippines was Cebu, with around **** million registered voters. This was followed by Cavite and Pangasinan with *** million and *** million registered voters, respectively.

Market Size for Philippines Cold Chain Industry on the Basis of Revenues in USD Million, 2018-2023 In 2023,Jentec Storageexpanded its warehouse capacity to cater to the growing demand for cold storage services in the Philippines. This initiative aims to enhance service offerings and provide a more efficient storage solution for perishable goods. Metro Manila and Cebu are key markets due to their high population density and robust infrastructure. The Philippines cold chain market reached a valuation of USD 1.2 Billion in 2023, driven by the increasing demand for perishable goods, growing population, and rising consumer preference for fresh and frozen products. The market is characterized by major players such as Jentec Storage, Royal Cargo, Glacier Megafridge, and Koldstor. These companies are recognized for their extensive distribution networks, diverse storage solutions, and customer-focused services.

Market Size for Philippines Alcoholic Drinks Industry on the Basis of Volume Sales in Liters, 2018-2024 In 2023, San Miguel Brewery launched several limited-edition beer products to cater to the growing premium beer market, aiming to capture a segment of young urban consumers. Metro Manila, Cebu, and Davao are key markets due to their high population density, urbanization, and developed infrastructure. The Philippines' alcoholic drinks market reached a valuation of PHP 500 billion in 2023, driven by rising disposable income, a young demographic, and increasing social acceptance of alcohol consumption. Major players include San Miguel Corporation, Ginebra San Miguel, Emperador, and Tanduay. These companies have solidified their positions through extensive distribution networks, strong branding, and a wide portfolio of products.

Tourist arrivals to the Philippines slowly picked up after significant disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and 2021. From roughly 1.48 million tourists in 2020, international visitor numbers rose to around 5.44 million in 2024. Despite the increase, this number remains much lower than the pre-pandemic level. State of inbound tourism in the Philippines  The tourism industry has shown significant improvements in the past three years, with flights returning to normal and tourists reviving their travel interests. Although domestic travelers continue to outnumber inbound ones, the number of international tourists in the Philippines has seen gradual growth recently. In 2023, tourism receipts also slightly surpassed the 2019 values. On average, international tourists in the Philippines stayed for about 11 nights in November 2023, spending less than 8,000 Philippine pesos daily. In 20234, more than a quarter of tourists arriving in the country came from South Korea, followed by those traveling from the United States and Japan. Airlines for international tourists  In 2023, most international passengers who traveled to the Philippines were carried by Philippine Airlines (PAL), which is the country’s flagship airline. The majority of visitors entered the country via Manila, followed by Cebu. Aside from PAL, international tourists also traveled through Cebu Pacific, which is a low-cost airline that offers both domestic and international flights.

Abstract

This research was conducted in Philippines between May and December 2009 as part of the Enterprise Survey initiative.

The objective of the survey is to obtain feedback from enterprises in client countries on the state of the private sector as well as to help in building a panel of enterprise data that will make it possible to track changes in the business environment over time, thus allowing, for example, impact assessments of reforms. Through interviews with firms in the manufacturing and services sectors, the survey assesses the constraints to private sector growth and creates statistically significant business environment indicators that are comparable across countries.

The standard Enterprise Survey topics include firm characteristics, gender participation, access to finance, annual sales, costs of inputs/labor, workforce composition, bribery, licensing, infrastructure, trade, crime, competition, capacity utilization, land and permits, taxation, informality, business-government relations, innovation and technology, and performance measures. Over 90% of the questions objectively ascertain characteristics of a country’s business environment. The remaining questions assess the survey respondents’ opinions on what are the obstacles to firm growth and performance. The mode of data collection is face-to-face interviews.

Geographic coverage

National

Analysis unit

The primary sampling unit of the study is the establishment. An establishment is a physical location where business is carried out and where industrial operations take place or services are provided. A firm may be composed of one or more establishments. For example, a brewery may have several bottling plants and several establishments for distribution. For the purposes of this survey an establishment must make its own financial decisions and have its own financial statements separate from those of the firm. An establishment must also have its own management and control over its payroll.

Universe

The whole population, or the universe, covered in the Enterprise Surveys is the non-agricultural economy. It comprises: all manufacturing sectors according to the ISIC Revision 3.1 group classification (group D), construction sector (group F), services sector (groups G and H), and transport, storage, and communications sector (group I). Note that this population definition excludes the following sectors: financial intermediation (group J), real estate and renting activities (group K, except sub-sector 72, IT, which was added to the population under study), and all public or utilities-sectors.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The sample for Philippines was selected using stratified random sampling. Three levels of stratification were used in this country: industry, establishment size, and region.

Industry stratification was designed in the way that follows: the universe was stratified into 6 manufacturing industries, 1 services industry -retail -, and two residual sectors. Each manufacturing industry had a target of 160 interviews. The services industry and the two residual sectors had a target of 120 interviews. For the manufacturing industries sample sizes were inflated by about 33% to account for potential non-response cases when requesting sensitive financial data and also because of likely attrition in future surveys that would affect the construction of a panel. An additional 85 interviews were added to the survey half way through the fieldwork. Targets were adjusted such that the manufacturing sectors' targets were increased to 160-180 interviews.

Size stratification was defined following the standardized definition for the rollout: small (5 to 19 employees), medium (20 to 99 employees), and large (more than 99 employees). For stratification purposes, the number of employees was defined on the basis of reported permanent full-time workers. This seems to be an appropriate definition of the labor force since seasonal/casual/part-time employment is not a common practice, except in the sectors of construction and agriculture.

Regional stratification was defined in four regions: National Capital Region excluding Manila; Manila; Region III; Region IV; and Metro-Cebu (Region VII). These are the largest population and economic centers of the Philippines. National Capital Region and Manila were split because of the large size of the National Capital Region. Metro-Cebu specifically was surveyed, rather than the whole of Region VII, for logistical reasons as this region is widespread and includes many remote and sparsely populated locations.

The sample frame used in the Philippines was obtained from the 2008 National Statistics Office of the Philippines (NSO) Register of Establishments. A key limitation in using this sample frame was the cost of access, which significantly limited the size of sample available for survey limitation. As a result of concerns over confidentiality, NSO also required that sample selection was done by 3 NSO in-house under instruction of the World Bank team in Washington D.C.This database contained the following information: -Name of the firm -Location -Contact details -ISIC code -Number of employees.

Given the impact that non-eligible units included in the sample universe may have on the results, adjustments may be needed when computing the appropriate weights for individual observations. The percentage of confirmed non-eligible units as a proportion of the total number of sampled establishments contacted for the survey was 16% (319 out of 2022 establishments). Breaking down by industry, the following numbers of establishments were surveyed: 15 (Food) - 166, 18 (Garments) - 154, 24 (Chemicals) - 162, 25 (Plastic & Rubber) - 163, 26 (Non-metallic mineral products) - 151, 31 & 32 (Electronics) - 164, Other manufacturing - 122, Retail & IT - 117, Other services - 127.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The current survey instruments are available: - Core Questionnaire + Manufacturing Module [ISIC Rev.3.1: 15-37] - Core Questionnaire + Retail Module [ISIC Rev.3.1: 52] - Core Questionnaire [ISIC Rev.3.1: 45, 50, 51, 55, 60-64, 72] - Screener Questionnaire.

The “Core Questionnaire” is the heart of the Enterprise Survey and contains the survey questions asked of all firms across the world. There are also two other survey instruments - the “Core Questionnaire + Manufacturing Module” and the “Core Questionnaire + Retail Module.” The survey is fielded via three instruments in order to not ask questions that are irrelevant to specific types of firms, e.g. a question that relates to production and nonproduction workers should not be asked of a retail firm. In addition to questions that are asked across countries, all surveys are customized and contain country-specific questions. An example of customization would be including tourism-related questions that are asked in certain countries when tourism is an existing or potential sector of economic growth.

The standard Enterprise Survey topics include firm characteristics, gender participation, access to finance, annual sales, costs of inputs/labor, workforce composition, bribery, licensing, infrastructure, trade, crime, competition, capacity utilization, land and permits, taxation, informality, business-government relations, innovation and technology, and performance measures. Over 90% of the questions objectively ascertain characteristics of a country’s business environment. The remaining questions assess the survey respondents’ opinions on what are the obstacles to firm growth and performance.

Cleaning operations

Data entry and quality controls are implemented by the contractor and data is delivered to the World Bank in batches (typically 10%, 50% and 100%). These data deliveries are checked for logical consistency, out of range values, skip patterns, and duplicate entries. Problems are flagged by the World Bank and corrected by the implementing contractor through data checks, callbacks, and revisiting establishments.

Response rate

Complete information regarding the sampling methodology, sample frame, weights, response rates, and implementation can be found in "Description of Philippines Implementation 2009" in "Technical Documents" folder.

South Korea was the biggest market for international tourists arriving in the Philippines in 2024, with about *** million travelers. Tourists from the United States came in second, reaching roughly *******. Post-pandemic tourism recovery The number of tourist arrivals significantly shows signs of recovery in 2024, at about *** million, after the disruptions caused by the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. During the pandemic, foreign tourist arrivals dropped to merely *** million people from more than ***** million in the previous year. Surprisingly, this figure was even lower in 2021, which was just **** million tourists. The state of domestic travel While foreign tourist arrivals struggled during the pandemic, domestic tourism in the Philippines experienced fewer setbacks. In 2023 alone, about ** million overnight travelers were recorded, the majority of whom were domestic travelers. Cebu Pacific carried the highest number of domestic passengers in 2023, with PAL Express carrying just about half of the former's passenger volume.