In financial year 2023, it was estimated that 64.32 thousand more Chinese migrated to Australia than emigrated. This marked a significant increase in Chinese net migration compared to 14.72 thousand people in the previous financial year.

The Chinese community in Australia

Chinese migration to Australia dates back to the Australian gold rush of the 1850s and 60s, however, exclusionary migration policies up until the 1970’s restricted migration from China for some time. Since then, immigration from China has increased steadily and Chinese migrants now represent Australia’s third largest migrant group after the UK and India. The 2016 Australian census showed that Mandarin was the second most common language spoken at home in Australia, and Cantonese came in fourth. The Australian Chinese community also includes a significant proportion of the international students from China choosing to study in Australia.

Chinese investment in Australia

Although foreign investment in Australia still comes primarily from its traditional trade partners, the United States and the United Kingdom, Chinese investment has been increasing in recent years. The bulk of Chinese investment in Australia goes toward commercial real estate and agribusiness. In New South Wales alone, real estate investment from China totaled almost 1.25 billion Australian dollars, which accounted for around a half of all Chinese real estate investment in the country. By comparison, in 2019 the import value of Australian food products to China displayed yet another year on year increase, totaling more than two billion U.S. dollars.

Among countries with the highest number of overseas Chinese on each continent, the largest Chinese diaspora community is living in Indonesia, numbering more than ten million people. Most of these people are descendants from migrants born in China, who have moved to Indonesia a long time ago. On the contrary, a large part of overseas Chinese living in Canada and Australia have arrived in these countries only during the last two decades. China as an emigration country Many Chinese people have emigrated from their home country in search of better living conditions and educational chances. The increasing number of Chinese emigrants has benefited from loosened migration policies. On the one hand, the attitude of the Chinese government towards emigration has changed significantly. Overseas Chinese are considered to be strong supporters for the overall strength of Chinese culture and international influence. On the other hand, migration policies in the United States and Canada are changing with time, expanding migration opportunities for non-European immigrants. As a result, China has become one of the world’s largest emigration countries as well as the country with the highest outflows of high net worth individuals. However, the mass emigration is causing a severe loss of homegrown talents and assets. The problem of talent and wealth outflow has raised pressing questions to the Chinese government, and a solution to this issue is yet to be determined. Popular destinations among Chinese emigrants Over the last decades, English speaking developed countries have been popular destinations for Chinese emigrants. In 2022 alone, the number of people from China naturalized as U.S. citizens had amounted to over 27,000 people, while nearly 68,000 had obtained legal permanent resident status as “green card” recipients. Among other popular immigration destinations for Chinese riches are Canada, Australia, Europe, and Singapore.

More than 1.2 million people of Chinese heritage live in Australia today. Their experiences are as diverse as their views; many were born in Australia, with lineages that span generations of Australian history. Others have migrated more recently from China, Hong Kong, Taiwan and Southeast Asia. Chinese-Australian communities have flourished and contributed to many aspects of Australian life. The Lowy Institute’s Multiculturalism, Identity and Influence Project conducted its second nationally representative poll of Chinese-Australians at the end of 2021. Respondents were asked about their perspectives on life in Australia, and views on a wide range of issues — from foreign influence and relationships with China, to systems of government and pride in Australian life and culture. There is both continuity and divergence when these sentiments are compared to the broader Australian population, and the views of those of other diaspora communities.

In the year ending December 2024, around 891,550 visitors from China arrived in Australia. While this was still less than in pre-pandemic times, when around 1.4 million people from China visited Australia annually, this marked a significant recovery from 2021 and 2022 figures.

According to a survey conducted in September and October 2021, around 40 percent of Australian residents with a Chinese ancestry said Australia is more to blame for tensions in the Australia-China relationship. In contrast, only four percent of representative respondents from the total Australian population thought Australia is more to blame for the tensions.

There were more than *** thousand Chinese student enrollments in Australia as of June 2022, with approximately ***** thousand enrolled in the higher education sector alone. This high figure is largely in part to many institutions readily accepting international students, as well as the use of English as the main language in most educational courses. The limited amount of university spots in China due to its large population also forces Chinese students to look overseas for education opportunities. Demographic of international students in Australia   Australia has the largest proportion of international students in higher education, with almost ******* of all higher education students in the country being international students. Furthermore, Chinese students make up the biggest share of these international students, with almost twice as many students as second-placed India. Education as a source of income   While the cost of education is regulated for local students, universities in Australia can set their own prices for internationals. This creates a market where institutions are permitted to set prices to match the high demand for education. The export income from international education activity in Australia reached tens of billions of dollars over the past decade. Despite the high cost of entry, there is still plenty of demand with some universities such as the University of New South Wales having more than ** percent of students coming from overseas.

This database contains comprehensive information on 715 formally incorporated Chinese Voluntary Associations (CVAs) in the State of Victoria, Australia. Victoria is home to one of the largest and most vibrant ethnic Chinese communities in Australia, making this dataset particularly significant. The information provided includes organisation names, year of registration, membership numbers, deregistration years (where applicable), and mission statements (for some organisations). This rich collection of data offers researchers a unique opportunity to study the evolution and characteristics of Chinese community organisations in a key area of Chinese settlement and community development in Australia.While the database is based on self-reported information and may not perfectly reflect reality, it nonetheless provides a robust and detailed picture of the formally incorporated Chinese community organisations in Victoria. The dataset's strengths lie in its comprehensive coverage of registered CVAs and the inclusion of both active and deregistered organisations. However, it is important to note that informal, unincorporated associations are not included in this database.This valuable resource can support various research applications, including analyses of trends in organisation formation, patterns in organisational missions, membership dynamics, and comparative studies with other regions or ethnic communities. By making this database available, researchers can gain deeper insights into the Chinese diaspora's civic engagement and community-building efforts in one of Australia's most significant Chinese population centres, contributing to a better understanding of multicultural society and immigrant integration in urban contexts.

Since the late 20th century, China-born population has emerged as the third largest source of permanent immigrants to Australia. This study aims to explore the dynamics of heritage bilingualism of twenty-five 1.5-generation Chinese-Australian adolescents and young adults, a cohort that is often overlooked in migration studies. Through family questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, field observations, and linguistic samples, the study explores how the age at migration influences language attitudes, proficiency performance, cultural identity, and socialization patterns among three age-of-migration cohorts. While the study confirms a common trend of language erosion across all age cohorts, it distinctively delineates the varying degrees of language attrition specifically associated with the age at migration. Meanwhile, the research spotlights exceptional cases of maintained heritage language fluency, underscoring how family strategies, child agency, educational policies, and literary engagement are crucial in combating language erosion and fostering heritage language proficiency. The finding underscores the importance of understanding the unique linguistic journeys across age-of-migration groups to better support their language development and maintenance. It provides valuable insights for families, educators, and policymakers working to sustain minority languages within a dominant English-speaking environment.

In 2024, the number of Chinese nationals who visited Australia on holiday came to over ******* people. This marked an increase in the number of Chinese holiday visitors to Australia from the previous year.

Migrants from the United Kingdom have long been Australia’s primary immigrant group and in 2023 there were roughly 960 thousand English-born people living in Australia. India and China held second and third place respectively with regard to Australia’s foreign-born population. The relative dominance of Asian countries in the list of top ten foreign-born residents of Australia represents a significant shift in Australia’s immigration patterns over the past few decades. Where European-born migrants had previously overshadowed other migrant groups, Australian migration figures are now showing greater migration numbers from neighboring countries in Asia and the Pacific. A history of migration Australia is often referred to as an ‘immigrant nation’, alongside the United States, Canada, and New Zealand. Before the Second World War, migrants to Australia were almost exclusively from the UK, however after 1945, Australia’s immigration policy was broadened to attract economic migrants and temporary skilled migrants. These policy changes saw and increase in immigrants particularly from Greece and Italy. Today, Australia maintains its status as an ‘’Immigrant nation’’, with almost 30 percent of the population born overseas and around 50 percent of the population having both that were born overseas. Australian visas The Australian immigration program has two main categories of visa, permanent and temporary. The permanent visa category offers three primary pathways: skilled, family and humanitarian. The skilled visa category is by far the most common, with more than a million permanent migrants living in Australia on this visa category at the last Australian census in 2021. Of the temporary visa categories, the higher education visa is the most popular, exceeding 180 thousand arrivals in 2023.

Over the past 20 years, the share of the Australian population that holds a degree at a bachelor level or above has increased by more than six times, reaching 50.8 percent in 2022. Since May of 2023, however, that number has dropped to only 32 percent. In Australia, the tertiary education sector comprises both public and private institutions. The student body is comprised of both domestic and international students. University graduate employment Domestic students make up most of the graduates within Australia. The vast majority of graduates in 2022 found full-time employment after studying, with the fields of medicine, pharmacy and rehabilitation having the highest rates of employment post graduation. Dentistry graduates earned the highest median full-time salary of recent university graduates in the country. International study landscape International students are a rapidly growing segment of Australia’s tertiary education sector. The export income from international student activities amounted to just under 36.5 billion Australian dollars in 2023. Chinese students accounted for the largest share of international student enrollments in the same period. Students completing their studies at Australian universities are attracted to the prestige of obtaining a degree at some of the best universities in the world. Moreover, graduates have the opportunity to enter the Australian labor market and to apply for a permanent visa in the country.

As of June 2021, approximately *** thousand Chinese students were enrolled in the Australian higher education sector. There has been a decline in total international student enrollments across Australian institutions compared to previous years due to the Coronavirus pandemic.

Humans have been living on the continent of Australia (name derived from "Terra Australis"; Latin for "the southern land") for approximately 65,000 years, however population growth was relatively slow until the nineteenth century. Europeans had made some contact with Australia as early as 1606, however there was no significant attempt at settlement until the late eighteenth century. By 1800, the population of Australia was approximately 350,000 people, and the majority of these were Indigenous Australians. As colonization progressed the number of ethnic Europeans increased while the Australian Aboriginal population was decimated through conflict, smallpox and other diseases, with some communities being exterminated completely, such as Aboriginal Tasmanians. Mass migration from Britain and China After the loss of its American colonies in the 1780s, the British Empire looked to other parts of the globe to expand its sphere of influence. In Australia, the first colonies were established in Sydney, Tasmania and Western Australia. Many of these were penal colonies which became home to approximately 164,000 British and Irish convicts who were transported to Australia between 1788 and 1868. As the decades progressed, expansion into the interior intensified, and the entire country was claimed by Britain in 1826. Inland colonization led to further conflict between European settlers and indigenous Australians, which cost the lives of thousands of natives. Inward expansion also saw the discovery of many natural resources, and most notably led to the gold rushes of the 1850s, which attracted substantial numbers of Chinese migrants to Australia. This mass migration from non-European countries eventually led to some restrictive policies being introduced, culminating with the White Australia Policy of 1901, which cemented ethnic-European dominance in Australian politics and society. These policies were not retracted until the second half of the 1900s. Independent Australia Australia changed its status to a British dominion in 1901, and eventually became independent in 1931. Despite this, Australia has remained a part of the British Commonwealth, and Australian forces (ANZAC) fought with the British and their Allies in both World Wars, and were instrumental in campaigns such as Gallipoli in WWI, and the South West Pacific Theater in WWII. The aftermath of both wars had a significant impact on the Australian population, with approximately 90 thousand deaths in both world wars combined, as well as 15 thousand deaths as a result of the Spanish flu pandemic following WWI, although Australia experienced a significant baby boom following the Second World War. In the past fifty years, Australia has promoted immigration from all over the world, and now has one of the strongest economies and highest living standards in the world, with a population that has grown to over 25 million people in 2020.

Shifting social trends have significantly influenced the Restaurants industry's performance over recent years. Consumers' busy lifestyles and high workloads have bolstered demand for restaurant meals and takeaway. Restaurants allow consumers to combine dining with leisure and avoid spending time on food preparation. Rising demand for food delivery platforms like Uber Eats has also supported industry revenue, allowing time-poor consumers to purchase home-delivered, restaurant-quality food. A fall in discretionary incomes and recent cost-of-living pressures have restricted patronage for restaurants, as consumers have become more concerned about the costs of dining out. Industry businesses are also finding it extremely difficult to deal with elevated operational costs, including high input, wage and energy expenses. Labour shortages have also been extreme in the industry, with restaurants facing major retention gaps. These factors, along with intense competitive pressures, have curbed the industry’s profitability growth and forced businesses to exit the industry over the two years through 2024-25. Nonetheless, the total number of enterprises in the industry has increased over the past five years as dynamic consumer preferences have created several niches for restaurants to cater to. Overall, industry revenue is anticipated to have soared at an annualised 6.6% over the five years through 2024-25 to $24.1 billion. This includes an expected 2.2% dip in 2024-25. Looking ahead, improving consumer confidence and expanding discretionary incomes are set to support industry revenue. Reeling from the economic challenges of the previous five-year period, restaurants are anticipated to diversify their revenue streams by expanding their service offerings to include merchandise and live events. Restaurants are forecast to focus on improving operational efficiencies to limit costs and boost profitability. There will also be a focus on sustainability efforts as Australian consumers become more discerning about their environmental choices. Overall, industry revenue is projected to climb an annualised 1.0% over the five years through 2029-30 to total $25.5 billion.

Phase III multi-country studies (ZOE-50/70) demonstrated that the adjuvanted recombinant zoster vaccine (RZV) was well tolerated and prevented herpes zoster (HZ) in healthy ≥ 50-year-olds, with a vaccine efficacy (VE) > 90% across age groups. These pivotal trials did not enroll participants from mainland China where RZV is licensed, therefore similar clinical data are missing for this population. In this phase IV observer-blind study (NCT04869982) conducted between 2021 and 2023 in China, immunocompetent and medically stable ≥ 50-year-olds were randomized 1:1 to receive two RZV or placebo doses, 2 months apart. This study assessed the VE (overall, as confirmatory objective, and descriptively by age category [50–69-year-olds/≥ 70-year-olds]), reactogenicity, and safety of RZV in this Chinese population. Of the 6138 enrolled participants, 99.2% completed the study. During a mean follow-up period of 15.2 (±1.1) months, 31 HZ episodes were confirmed (RZV = 0; placebo = 31) for an incidence rate of 0.0 vs 8.2 per 1000 person-years and an overall VE of 100% (89.82–100). The descriptive VE was 100% (85.29–100) for 50–69-year-olds and 100% (60.90–100) for ≥ 70-year-olds. Solicited adverse events (AEs) were more frequent in the RZV vs the placebo group (median duration: 1–3 days for both groups). Pain and fatigue were the most frequent local and general AEs (RZV: 72.1% and 43.4%; placebo: 9.2% and 5.3%). The frequencies of unsolicited AEs, serious AEs, potential immune-mediated diseases, and deaths were similar between both groups. RZV is well tolerated and efficacious in preventing HZ in Chinese ≥ 50-year-olds, consistent with efficacy studies including worldwide populations with similar age and medical characteristics. What is the context?Herpes zoster, commonly known as shingles, is a painful rash resulting from the reactivation of the dormant virus causing chickenpox.Vaccines preventing shingles, such as Shingrix, were shown to be well tolerated and efficacious in healthy adults over 50 years of age from Europe, North and Latin America, Australia, and Asia (Taiwan, Hong Kong, Korea, Japan).However, data on real-world protective effect of Shingrix are limited in some regions where the vaccine is licensed for use, such as mainland China. Herpes zoster, commonly known as shingles, is a painful rash resulting from the reactivation of the dormant virus causing chickenpox. Vaccines preventing shingles, such as Shingrix, were shown to be well tolerated and efficacious in healthy adults over 50 years of age from Europe, North and Latin America, Australia, and Asia (Taiwan, Hong Kong, Korea, Japan). However, data on real-world protective effect of Shingrix are limited in some regions where the vaccine is licensed for use, such as mainland China. What is new?We analyzed data from Chinese adults aged 50 years or older to determine the efficacy and safety of Shingrix.Around 6000 participants were divided in two equal groups to receive two doses of Shingrix or two doses of a placebo, given 2 months apart.We found that, during the study period, the vaccine was 100% efficacious in preventing shingles.We showed that the vaccine had an acceptable safety profile in this Chinese population. We analyzed data from Chinese adults aged 50 years or older to determine the efficacy and safety of Shingrix. Around 6000 participants were divided in two equal groups to receive two doses of Shingrix or two doses of a placebo, given 2 months apart. We found that, during the study period, the vaccine was 100% efficacious in preventing shingles. We showed that the vaccine had an acceptable safety profile in this Chinese population. What is the impact?Shingrix is efficacious and well tolerated in Chinese adults over 50 years of age, as it is in similarly aged populations from other evaluated regions. Shingrix is efficacious and well tolerated in Chinese adults over 50 years of age, as it is in similarly aged populations from other evaluated regions.

According to a survey conducted in September and October 2021, around ** percent of Australian residents with a Chinese ancestry were convinced that Australia should remain neutral in the case of a military conflict between China and the United States. In contrast, representative respondents from the total Australian population were more inclined to support the United States.

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Functional Chewing Gum Market Size 2025-2029

The functional chewing gum market size is forecast to increase by USD 3.44 billion, at a CAGR of 5.7% between 2024 and 2029.

The market is experiencing significant growth, driven primarily by the increasing demand for nicotine gum in smoking cessation therapy. This trend underscores the market's potential to address health-conscious consumers seeking alternatives to traditional smoking methods. Furthermore, the online presence of functional chewing gum companies is expanding, making these products more accessible to a broader consumer base. However, the market faces challenges in the form of inadequate disposal techniques for chewing gum, which may hinder its widespread adoption and pose environmental concerns.
Companies in this market must address these challenges by investing in research and development of biodegradable or recyclable chewing gum solutions to cater to the evolving consumer preferences and regulatory requirements. By focusing on innovation and sustainability, market players can capitalize on the growing demand for functional chewing gum while mitigating potential obstacles.

What will be the Size of the Functional Chewing Gum Market during the forecast period?

Explore in-depth regional segment analysis with market size data - historical 2019-2023 and forecasts 2025-2029 - in the full report.
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The market continues to evolve, driven by consumer demand for innovative products that offer health benefits beyond traditional gum. Essential oils and herbal extracts are increasingly being incorporated into gum formulations for their aromatic and therapeutic properties. Caries prevention and plaque reduction are key areas of focus, with active compounds such as xylitol and fluoride gaining popularity. Supply chain management and packaging materials are crucial considerations for manufacturers, with a shift towards sustainable and eco-friendly options. Functional ingredients, such as natural sweeteners and thickening agents, are essential for creating unique textures and tastes that cater to diverse consumer preferences. Brand loyalty and consumer behavior are critical factors influencing market dynamics.

Sales promotion and marketing strategies are employed to attract and retain customers, while research and development efforts continue to explore new product innovations. Health consciousness and dental health are major drivers, with clinical studies highlighting the oral hygiene benefits of chewing gum. Regulatory compliance, including FDA regulations and health claims, are essential for ensuring product safety and efficacy. Ingredient sourcing and pricing strategies are also important considerations, with a growing emphasis on transparency and sustainability. The continuous unfolding of market activities reveals an industry that is dynamic and responsive to consumer needs and trends. From sensory evaluation and taste testing to distribution channels and consumer demographics, the market is a vibrant and evolving sector.

How is this Functional Chewing Gum Industry segmented?

The functional chewing gum industry research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD million' for the period 2025-2029, as well as historical data from 2019-2023 for the following segments.

Product

  Oral health gum
  Nicotine gum
  Weight gum
  Lifestyle gum


Distribution Channel

  Convenience stores
  Hypermarkets and supermarkets
  Online


Flavor

  Mint
  Fruit
  Chocolate
  Cinnamon
  Others


Geography

  North America

    US
    Canada


  Europe

    France
    Germany
    UK


  APAC

    Australia
    China
    India
    Japan
    South Korea


  Rest of World (ROW)

By Product Insights

The oral health gum segment is estimated to witness significant growth during the forecast period.

The market is witnessing significant growth due to increasing consumer awareness towards oral hygiene and health consciousness. Chewing sugar-free gum after meals is a recommended practice by the American Dental Association, as it helps prevent tooth decay by increasing saliva flow and reducing plaque acid. This, in turn, aids in caries prevention, plaque reduction, and improving oral hygiene. The demand for natural sweeteners and extracts, such as stevia and essential oils, in functional chewing gum is on the rise, aligning with consumer preferences for healthier options. Brands are focusing on product innovation by incorporating functional ingredients like thickening agents, herbal extracts, and active compounds to cater to various consumer needs.

Sales promotion and marketing strategies are essential in this competitive market, with companies emphasizing brand loyalty and consumer behavior. Shelf life and packaging design are crucial factors influencing consumer choices, with sustainable and eco-frie

In 2023, approximately 3.4 million residents of foreign nationality were registered in Japan, making up below three percent of the population. The total number of foreign residents increased by almost 1.3 million in the last decade. Development of immigration to JapanExcept for a large minority of people of Korean descent who have lived in Japan since the first half of the twentieth century, immigration of people from other countries did not become an issue in Japan until the 1980s when the economy required more labor. A revision of the Immigration Control and Refugee Recognition Act in 1990 allowed people of Japanese descent, so-called nikkeijin, to enter the country and work without restrictions. The nikkeijin who entered Japan in the years that followed mainly came from Brazil and other South American countries. Chinese immigration increased as well throughout the 1990s and early 2000s. A breakdown of foreign residents by major nationalities shows that Chinese immigrants overtook Koreans as the largest minority group in 2007. People from Vietnam were the strongest growing minority in the 2010s. Recent immigration reformDue to its demographic changes, Japan has a relatively low unemployment rate. As a consequence, a large share of companies reports labor shortages. The temporary immigration of foreign workers is considered one of the possible solutions to this problem, next to the increasing labor market participation of women and the elderly. In December 2018, the Japanese parliament passed a major immigration reform that became enacted in April 2019. The reform allowed lower- and semi-skilled workers to enter the country and work in one of 14 different industries suffering from a lack of labor. The vast majority of participants are not allowed to bring their family members and are expected to return to their respective countries after their terms in Japan end.

The number of Chinese students going abroad for study reached ******* in 2024, roughly the same figure as in 2019. The number of students going overseas had fallen to only 451,000 in 2020 due to the Coronavirus pandemic and it took four years to recover to the previous level again. Motivations for overseas study In China, some of the best universities are public universities which get most of their support from the government. Although the number of institutions for higher education and students enrolled in universities inside China have increased significantly in the last few years, the pathways to gaining admission to good universities are still limited. For most people, the national exam “Gaokao” remains the only way to enter a good public university. Therefore, there are students studying abroad to avoid the national exam and to gain admission to a better ranked university. For some study programs, overseas institutions are better equipped and can provide more international academic environment. These qualities attract a lot of Chinese scholars. People who have studied abroad are considered to have a global insight and better language skills, which makes them more competitive in China’s recruitment market. Financing for overseas study Developed countries and regions are still the most popular destinations for Chinese students studying abroad. In some countries, Chinese students have already become an important funding source for their local universities. English-speaking countries including the United States, the United Kingdom and Australia are the leading destinations among them. The United States have since long attracted the largest share of Chinese students, but in recent years more and more Chinese students preferred to study in the United Kingdom instead. However, since students studying abroad are not all from extremely wealthy families, non-English speaking countries where the universities charge less in tuition fees are becoming increasingly popular. While most students from China were self-funded, relying on their parents' support, the number of students who were state scholarship recipients had been increasing over the years.

This statistic shows the number of employed migrants from China in the Asia Pacific region in 2016, sorted by country. That year, there were approximately 226 thousand employed Chinese migrants in Australia, followed by about two thousand employed Chinese migrants in Mongolia.