Demographics of questionnaire respondents commercial transport users of motor parks in Nsukka and Enugu towns, Enugu State, Nigeria (n = 600).

Abstract

Four federal agencies namely, National Bureau of Statistics (NBS), Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN), Federal Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Development (FMA&RD), and Federal Ministry of Commerce (FMC), jointly conducted three survey rounds through the National Survey of Agricultural Exportable crop Commodities (NSAEC). It is believed that the survey results would give both government and non-governmental agencies ample opportunity to address the paucity of reliable agricultural data in Nigeria.

The survey included 14 export crops: cashew, cocoa, coffee, garlic, ginger, groundnut, arabic gum, palm oil, rubber, sesame seeds, shea nuts, sugar cane, and tea.

This dataset is based on the third round of the National Survey of Agricultural Export Commodities. Previous rounds were conducted in 2002/2003 and 2004/2005.

The major objectives of the survey included:

i. To ascertain the spread of the cultivation of each of the fourteen export crops within Nigeria in terms of area cultivated by state.

ii. To provide national baseline data on agricultural export commodities.

iii. To provide structural data on agricultural export commodities in Nigeria.

iv. To obtain socio-economic data and demographic characteristics of holders within households.

v. To provide production estimates at national and state levels.

Geographic coverage

National and state

Analysis unit

Household

Universe

Household export crop holders

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

A 2-stage sample design was employed.

In the first stage, 192 Local Government Areas (LGAs) from the complete list of 774 LGAs were selected nationwide. Next 10 enumeration areas (EAs), demarcated by the National Population Commission during the 1991 population census, were systematically selected from each sampled LGA, for a total of 1,920 EAs.

In the second stage, 10 export crop farming housing units were systematically selected from each sampled EA (provided there were more than 10 farming housing units in the EA). Where there were 10 or less farming housing units no selection was required, and all available housing units were studied.

Sampling deviation

Of the expected 1,920 EAs only 1,855 were found to have export crops and were eventually studied. Out of the 18,550 export crop farm housing units expected to be covered, 16,310 were canvassed.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

Agricultural Holding Questionnaire:

Section I: Holding Identification Section Ii: Access to Land
Section Iii: Source of Funds
Section Iv: Export Crop Farming Section Vii: Market Channel Section Viii: Quantity Sold Section X: Quantity Consumed
Section Xi: Use of Fertilizer
Section Xii: Use of Pesticides Section Xiii: Use of Improved Seedling/Seed

Some modifications were made on the 2003 questionnaire.

Cleaning operations

All questionnaires were retrieved from the field by the enumerators and submitted to the sub-offices. Next the questionnaires were organized according to EAs and were taken to the NBS state offices and finally to the zonal offices. Three NBS zonal headquarters (Ibadan, Kaduna and Enugu) were chosen for the last destination of retrieval of the questionnaires. In the case of southwest and north-central zones were merged together for the submission their records at NBS zonal headquarters in Ibadan. Northwest and northeast zones were combined to submit their records at NBS zonal headquarters in Kaduna. Finally, the southeast and southern zones were joined together to submit their records to NBS zonal headquarters in Enugu.

The completed questionnaires were collated and edited manually:

a. Office editing and coding were done by the editor using visual control of the questionnaire before data entry b. Imps was used to design the data entry template provided as an external resource c. Six operators plus two supervisor and two programmers were used d. Six machines were used for data entry e. After data entry, supervisors run frequencies on each section to see that all the questionnaire were entered f. Conversion programs were written to convert the data to SPSS also provided as an external resource

Response rate

On a national basis, 100% response rate was acheived at the LGA level and 96.61% at the EA level. While 87.92% was acheived at the export crop farming housing units level.

Sampling error estimates

No sampling error estimate

From January 2022 and February 2023, the Nigerian government allocated the highest disbursements to Delta, Akwa Ibom, Rivers, Bayelsa, Lagos, Kano, and Enugu. These states received over 100 billion Naira each, with Delta receiving almost ***** billion Naira. The FAAC (Federal Account Allocation Committee) disbursements represent the funds given to states and regions. They are allocated in proportion to each state population and, consequently, to the number of local governments in the state.

Demographic information of respondents (N = 1,143).

Abstract

The 2007 Nigeria Enterprise Survey was part of the UK Department for International Development/World Bank Group Investment Climate Program (ICP) that was launched by the Minister of Finance in August 2007. This program was a response to the request from the Nigeria Federal Minister of Finance to the World Bank Group and UK Department for International Development (DFID) to assist in the development of a diagnostic base on which enterprise and investment climate constraints could be measured and benchmarked internally across the 36 states and the Federal Capital Territory of Nigeria and internationally against key comparator countries, particularly the "BRIC" countries (Brazil, Russia, India and China).

The survey was conducted between September 2007 and February 2008. Data from 2387 establishments was analyzed. The survey was administered across 11 states (Abia, Anambra, Abuja, Bauchi, Cross Rivers, Enugu, Kaduna, Kano, Lagos, Ogun and Sokoto) and included manufacturing and services firms of different sizes.

The objective of the Enterprise Surveys is to obtain feedback from companies in client countries on the state of the private sector as well as to help in building a panel of enterprise data that will make it possible to track changes in the business environment over time, thus allowing, for example, impact assessments of reforms. Through face-to-face interviews with firms in the manufacturing and services sectors, the survey assesses the constraints to private sector growth and creates statistically significant business environment indicators that are comparable across countries.

The standard Enterprise Survey topics include firm characteristics, gender participation, access to finance, annual sales, costs of inputs/labor, workforce composition, bribery, licensing, infrastructure, trade, crime, competition, capacity utilization, land and permits, taxation, informality, business-government relations, innovation and technology, and performance measures. Over 90% of the questions objectively ascertain characteristics of a country’s business environment. The remaining questions assess the survey respondents’ opinions on what are the obstacles to firm growth and performance.

Geographic coverage

National

Analysis unit

The primary sampling unit of the study is the establishment. An establishment is a physical location where business is carried out and where industrial operations take place or services are provided. A firm may be composed of one or more establishments. For example, a brewery may have several bottling plants and several establishments for distribution. For the purposes of this survey an establishment must make its own financial decisions and have its own financial statements separate from those of the firm. An establishment must also have its own management and control over its payroll.

Universe

The whole population, or the universe, covered in the Enterprise Surveys is the non-agricultural economy. It comprises: all manufacturing sectors according to the ISIC Revision 3.1 group classification (group D), construction sector (group F), services sector (groups G and H), and transport, storage, and communications sector (group I). Note that this population definition excludes the following sectors: financial intermediation (group J), real estate and renting activities (group K, except sub-sector 72, IT, which was added to the population under study), and all public or utilities sectors.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The sample includes 2387 establishments: 1891 enterprises have at least 5 full-time employees and 496 are micro establishments with less than 5 full-time workers.

The sample for enterprises with more than four employees was designed using stratified random sampling with strata defined by region, sector and firm size.

Establishments located in 11 states - Abia, Anambra, Abuja, Bauchi, Cross Rivers, Enugu, Kaduna, Kano, Lagos, Ogun and Sokoto - were interviewed.

Following the ISIC (revision 3.1) classification, the following industries were targeted: all manufacturing sectors (group D), construction (group F), retail and wholesale services (subgroups 52 and 51 of group G), hotels and restaurants (group H), transport, storage, and communications (group I), and computer and related activities (sub-group 72 of group K). For establishments with five or more full-time permanent paid employees, this universe was stratified according to the following categories of industry: 1. Manufacturing: Food and Beverages (Group D, sub-group 15); 2. Manufacturing: Garments (Group D, sub group 18); 3. Manufacturing: Other Manufacturing (Group D excluding sub-groups 15 and 18); 4. Retail Trade: (Group G, sub-group 52); 5. Rest of the universe, including: • Construction (Group F); • Wholesale trade (Group G, sub-group 51); • Hotels, bars and restaurants (Group H); • Transportation, storage and communications (Group I); • Computer related activities (Group K, sub-group 72).

Size stratification was defined following the standardized definition used for the Enterprise Surveys: small (5 to 19 employees), medium (20 to 99 employees), and large (more than 99 employees). For stratification purposes, the number of employees was defined on the basis of reported permanent full-time workers.

The sampling frame of establishments with 5 employees and more was built with lists sourced from the Nigeria Manufacturer Association, the National Bureau of Statistics in Abia, Anambra, Abuja, Cross River, Enugu, Kaduna, Lagos, the ministry of commerce and industry in Ogun, Kano, Bauchi, and from the Abuja Business Directory, the Sokoto Business Directory. This master list was used to set the target sample size for each stratum. During the survey period, the list was updated as new information regarding establishments that had closed or were out-of-scope was gathered. The final population size in all strata and locations was 771018 with the vast majority of establishments operating in the micro and manufacturing strata. The sample (including the entire rest of universe and retail sample in each state) was selected at random from the master list by a computer program.

In this survey, the micro establishment stratum covers all establishments of the targeted categories of economic activity with less than 5 employees. The implementing agency (EEC Canada) selected an aerial sampling approach to estimate the population of establishments and select the sample in this stratum for all states of the survey.

First, to randomly select individual micro establishments for surveying, the following procedure was followed: i) select districts and specific zones of each district where there was a high concentration of micro establishments; ii) count all micro establishments in these specific zones; iii) based on this count, create a virtual list and select establishments at random from that virtual list; and iv) based on the ratio between the number selected in each specific zone and the total population in that zone, create and apply a skip rule for selecting establishments in that zone.

The districts and the specific zones were selected at first according to local sources. The EEC team then went in the field to verify the sources and to count micro establishments. Once the count for each zone was completed, the numbers were sent back to EEC head office in Montreal.

At the head office, the count by zone was converted into one list of sequential numbers for the whole survey region, and a computer program performed a random selection of the determined number of establishments from the list. Then, based on the number that the computer selected in each specific zone, a skip rule was defined to select micro establishments to survey in that zone. The skip rule for each zone was sent back to the EEC field team.

In Nigeria, enumerators were sent to each zone with instructions how to apply the skip rule defined for that zone as well as how to select replacements in the event of a refusal or other cause of non-participation.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The current survey instruments are available: - Core Questionnaire + Manufacturing Module [ISIC Rev.3.1: 15-37] - Core Questionnaire + Retail Module [ISIC Rev.3.1: 52] - Core Questionnaire [ISIC Rev.3.1: 45, 50, 51, 55, 60-64, 72] - Micro Establishments Questionnaire (for establishments with 1 to 4 employees).

The "Core Questionnaire" is the heart of the Enterprise Survey and contains the survey questions asked of all firms across the world. There are also two other survey instruments - the "Core Questionnaire + Manufacturing Module" and the "Core Questionnaire + Retail Module." The survey is fielded via three instruments in order to not ask questions that are irrelevant to specific types of firms, e.g. a question that relates to production and nonproduction workers should not be asked of a retail firm. In addition to questions that are asked across countries, all surveys are customized and contain country-specific questions. An example of customization would be including tourism-related questions that are asked in certain countries when tourism is an existing or potential sector of economic growth.

The survey topics include firm characteristics, gender participation, access to finance, annual sales, costs of inputs/labor, workforce composition, bribery, licensing, infrastructure, trade, crime, competition, capacity utilization, land and permits, taxation, informality, business-government relations, innovation and technology, registration, and performance measures. The questionnaire also assesses the survey respondents' opinions on

The Nigerian states of Sokoto and Taraba had the largest percentage of people living below the poverty line as of 2019. The lowest poverty rates were recorded in the South and South-Western states. In Lagos, this figure equaled 4.5 percent, the lowest rate in Nigeria.

A large population in poverty

In Nigeria, an individual is considered poor when they have an availability of less than 137.4 thousand Nigerian Naira (roughly 334 U.S. dollars) per year. Similarly, a person having under 87.8 thousand Naira (about 213 U.S. dollars) in a year available for food was living below the poverty line according to Nigerian national standards. In total, 40.1 percent of the population in Nigeria lived in poverty.

Food insecurity on the rise

On average, 21.4 percent of the population in Nigeria experienced hunger between 2018 and 2020. People in severe food insecurity would go for entire days without food due to lack of money or other resources. Over the last years, the prevalence with severe food among Nigerians has been increasing, as the demand for food is rising together with a fast-growing population.

Association between sociodemographic and level of knowledge, perception and acceptance of the respondents.