Through the time period displayed in the Mexican state of Guadalajara there has been a decrease in the population since the year 2000 which registered about 1.63 million people until the last population count conducted in 2020 resulted in 1.38 million people, almost 300 thousand people less.

The total population of Guadalajara in 2020 was 5.27 million inhabitants, being 51% women and 49% men. During that year, the majority of the population in the Mexican city by group age were between 0 years old and 39 years old.

From the year 2015 to 2020 there has been an increase in the population density in Guadalajara, Mexico. During the last year, the city had around ***** inhabitants per square meter, while five years prior the density was lower than ***** inhabitants.

In the Mexican city of Guadalajara, the strongest main reason for migration was for family purposes with *** thousand people sharing this background. Following with economic reasons with *** thousand people and housing purposes with *** thousand people.

From the year 1994 to 2023, there has been an overall decrease in the number of births in the Mexican city of Guadalajara. The highest amount was recorded in 1994 with around 53.3 thousand newborns. In contrast, the lowest amount recorded was on 2020 with 16.9 thousand births.

Through the time period displayed in the Mexican state of Guadalajara there has been an overall increase in the number of households starting in the year 2000 with 396.46 thousand houses until the last report conducted in 2020 resulting in 398.54 thousand households, with a 29.1 thousand increase.

Through the time period displayed in the Mexican city of Guadalajara there has been an overall decrease in the average number of people per household starting in the year 2000 with *** inhabitants until the last report conducted in 2020 resulting in a *** inhabitant average, with a *** decrease.

The wild species of the genus Zea commonly named teosintes, comprise nine different taxa, distributed from northern Mexico to Costa Rica. Although this genus of plants has been extensively studied from a morphological, ecogeographical and genetic point of view, most contributions have been limited to the study of a few populations and taxa. To understand the great variability that exists between and within teosinte species, it is necessary to include the vast majority of known populations. In this context, the objective of this work was to evaluate the diversity and genomic structure of 276 teosinte populations. Molecular analyzes were performed with 3,604 plants and with data from 33,929 SNPs. The levels of genetic diversity by taxonomic group show a marked difference between species, races and sections, where the highest values of genomic diversity were found in ssp. parviglumis and ssp. mexicana. The lower values were obtained for the Luxuriantes section as well as ssp. huehuetenagensis of the section Zea. The results of the structure show that there is a great genetic differentiation in all the taxonomic groups considered. For ssp. parviglumis and mexicana, which are the taxa with the largest number of populations, a marked genomic differentiation was found that is consistent with their geographic distribution patterns. These results showed a loss of diversity in several teosinte populations, making a strong case for further collection, and ex situ and in situ conservation. Also, this study highlights the importance of integrating genomic diversity and structure for the applications of conservation and management. Methods Plant material for this study was obtained from 276 teosinte populations representing each of the known Zea species and subspecies (except Zea vespertilio, which was recently described and for which no seed samples were available for the present study,) and their races, throughout their entire geographical distribution from northern Mexico to western Nicaragua. The accessions were provided by Instituto de Manejo y Aprovechamiento de los Recursos Fitogenétios (IMAREFI) of the Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias (CUCBA) of the Universidad de Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico and International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT). The number of individual plants per population was 30 for 20 type populations and 15 for the rest (256 populations). Plants were grown from seeds in greenhouse conditions at CUCBA, Jalisco, Mexico during 2014 and 2015. The work of molecular biology was carried out by the Laboratorio de Genética de la Conservación at Jardín Botánico of Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM). Library preparation and sequencing for Genotyping-By-Sequencing (GBS) was performed at the Institute for Genomic Diversity (Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA) following a GBS protocol. DNA was digested with the ApeKI methylation-sensitive 5 base-pair (bp) recognition site restriction enzyme. The resulting fragments were ligated to Illumina HiSeq 2500 sequencing adapters and to adapters with sequence barcodes unique to each individual sample. GBS libraries were made in 96-sample plates (96-plex with 95 samples and one empty random cell). The sequence data and the genotypic database of SNPs were processed in the Tassel-5-GBS Production Pipeline software. Using as reference draft ZeaGBSv2.7 Production (TOPM Tags On Physical Map); which contains genotypes from a collection of more than 60,000 maize samples. A total of 955,690 SNPs distributed throughout the genome were called, of which 955,120 mapped to chromosomes 1–10, and 570 did not map to any chromosome. These first SNP data were subsequently filtered in Tassel by: (1) number of reads (Set Low Depth Genos to Missing, with a minimum value of 2); (2) frequency of the minor allele of at least 5% (MAF> 0.05) and; (3) loci present in at least 60% of the individuals. The resulting data was of 136,212 SNPs, which went to another filtering stage with Plink 1.9, using the following criteria: keep only SNPs under linkage equilibrium and loci present in at least 80% of the individuals (–indep-pairwise 50 10 0.2 --gene 0.2). Quality control for teosinte individuals excluded duplicated individuals and individuals with the highest missing data. The final data used for downstream analyses and presented here in plink format included 33,929 SNPs of 3,604 teosinte plants.

From the year 1994 to 2021, there has been an overall decrease in the number of marriages in Guadalajara. The highest amount in the Mexican city was recorded in 1994 with **** thousand marriages. In contrast, the lowest amount was registered in 2020 with *** thousand marriages.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the Ad5-nCoV vaccine was applied to the Mexican population before the WHO approved it. In a transversal study, we compare the CanSino vaccine efficacy and a natural SARS-CoV-2 infection in eliciting neutralizing antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant in Guadalajara, Mexico. Participants between 30–60 years were included in the study and classified into three groups: 1) Natural immunity (unvaccinated), 2) Vaccine-induced immunity (vaccinated individuals without a COVID-19 history), and 3) Natural immunity + vaccine-induced immunity. These groups were matched by age and gender. We assessed the ability of individuals’ serum to neutralize the Delta variant and compared the results of the different groups using a neutralization test followed by plaque-forming units. Results showed that 39% of individuals’ serum with a history of COVID-19 (natural immunity, Group 1) could not neutralize the Delta variant, compared to 33% in vaccinated individuals without COVID-19 (vaccine immunity, Group 2). In contrast, only 7% of vaccinated individuals with a history of COVID-19 (natural + vaccine immunities) could not neutralize the Delta variant. We concluded that the effectiveness of the Ad5-nCoV vaccine to induce neutralizing antibodies against the Delta variant is comparable to that of natural infection (61% vs. 67%). However, in individuals with both forms of immunity (Group 3), it increased to 93%. Based on these results, despite the Ad5-nCoV vaccine originally being designed as a single-dose regimen, it could be recommended that even those who have recovered from COVID-19 should consider vaccination to boost their immunity against this variant.

From the year 1995 to 2020, there has been an overall increase in the number of people that speaks an indigenous language in the Mexican city of Guadalajara with certain peaks in the middle of the timeframe displayed. The highest amount of indigenous language speakers was in the year 2000 with *** thousand speakers. In contrast, the lowest number registered was in the year 1995 with *** thousand people.

From the year 1994 to 2022, there has been an overall decrease in divorces with certain peaks in the middle of the timeframe displayed in the Mexican city of Guadalajara. The highest amount of divorces was in the year 2007 with 3,200 cases. In contrast, the lowest amount registered was in 2014 with around 130 divorces.

In 2020, the most affiliated religion for the Mexican population in the city of Guadalajara was Catholicism accounting with **** percent of the population. Followed by the Evangelism and Protestantism with *** percent.

In 2020, in the Mexican city of Guadalajara around 36.5 percent of the population were not vulnerable, which means that around 63.5 percent were vulnerable to poverty or living under poverty conditions. About three percent of the inhabitants of the city were under extreme poverty conditions.

In the Mexican city of Guadalajara the educational attainment with the highest population share was people with an undergraduate degree with ** percent. Followed by high school with **** percent and people with a middle school degree with **** percent. Less than **** percent of people in Guadalajara have a doctorate degree.

In 2020, the most common average time to transfer for work for the population of the Mexican city of Guadalajara was from ** minutes up to one hour accounting for **** percent of the working population.

The statistic depicts the ten largest cities in Mexico in 2020. In 2020, Mexico City had around 8.84 million residents which made it the largest city in Mexico.

Population of Mexico

Mexico is a federal republic located in North America, sharing borders with the United States to the north, and to the southeast with Guatemala and Belize. With a total area of over 1.9 million square kilometers, it is the fourteenth largest nation in the world and the fifth largest in the Americas.

In 2014, Mexico’s total population amounted to approximately 120 million people. A little under two thirds of Mexico’s total population is of Mestizo ethnicity. The total population has steadily grown over the past decade, despite being the source to the largest migration flow between countries in the world; in 2010, around 11.6 million immigrants from Mexico lived in the United States. The migration flow between the United States and Mexico has however, decreased over the past ten years: Between 1995 and 2000, over 2.9 million migrants emigrated from Mexico to the United States. This was more than the double of migrants who emigrated from Mexico to the United States between 2005 and 2010. Each year, Mexico's population grows by about 1.24 percent compared to the previous year. Mexico City, the country’s capital and largest city, is home to approximately 8.6 million people.

In May 2019, 7.6 percent of population of Puebla aged eight or older read newspapers daily. Puebla is the fourth largest city in Mexico by population, after Mexico City, Ecatepec and Guadalajara. In general, approximately eight percent of Mexicans read digital newspapers.

Housing prices in Guadalajara's metropolitan area increased by over *** percent between 2013 and 2021, going from ***** Mexican pesos to ****** pesos per square meter in the latter year. During the last 20 years, the population of the Mexican city decreased around ******* inhabitants.

In May 2019, 15.96 percent of population of Puebla aged eight or older consumed pay TV content on workdays (Monday to Friday); the same was true for 16.34 percent of the population at weekends. Puebla is the fourth largest city in Mexico by population, after Mexico City, Ecatepec and Guadalajara. In general, pay TV reach in Mexico amounted to 52 percent in 2018.