61 datasets found
  1. Urban population in India by state and union territory 2011

    • statista.com
    Updated Dec 31, 2015
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    Statista (2015). Urban population in India by state and union territory 2011 [Dataset]. https://www.statista.com/statistics/616121/urban-population-by-state-and-union-territory-india/
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    Dataset updated
    Dec 31, 2015
    Dataset authored and provided by
    Statistahttp://statista.com/
    Time period covered
    2011
    Area covered
    India
    Description

    The statistic displays the main states and union territories with the highest number of people living in urban areas in India in 2011. In that year, the state of Maharashtra had the highest population with over 50 million people living in urban areas. The population density in India from 2004 to 2014 can be seen here.

  2. d

    Population Projection of India: Gender- and State-wise Yearly Projected...

    • dataful.in
    Updated Nov 13, 2025
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    Dataful (Factly) (2025). Population Projection of India: Gender- and State-wise Yearly Projected Population (2011-2036) [Dataset]. https://dataful.in/datasets/18521
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    xlsx, csv, application/x-parquetAvailable download formats
    Dataset updated
    Nov 13, 2025
    Dataset authored and provided by
    Dataful (Factly)
    License

    https://dataful.in/terms-and-conditionshttps://dataful.in/terms-and-conditions

    Area covered
    India
    Variables measured
    Projected Population of India
    Description

    The dataset contains year-, month-, state- and gender-wise compiled data on population of India from the year 2011 to 2036. The figures of population given for different years are the projected figures, except for the census year of 2011.

  3. Share of aging population by state and union territory in India 2011

    • statista.com
    Updated Feb 1, 2016
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    Statista (2016). Share of aging population by state and union territory in India 2011 [Dataset]. https://www.statista.com/statistics/620090/aging-population-by-state-india/
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    Dataset updated
    Feb 1, 2016
    Dataset authored and provided by
    Statistahttp://statista.com/
    Time period covered
    2011
    Area covered
    India
    Description

    The statistic gives the share of aging population in India across selected states and union territories in India in 2011. The regions with the highest share of elderly people were in the state of Kerala, with some 12.6 percent of the population living there were 60 years or older, followed by the state of Goa with 11.2 percent. The share of aging population in the whole country that year was 8.6 percent.

  4. India State-wise Demographics (1951–2011)

    • kaggle.com
    zip
    Updated Jul 9, 2025
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    neerajguta gupta (2025). India State-wise Demographics (1951–2011) [Dataset]. https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/neerajgutagupta/india-state-wise-demographics-19512011
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    zip(4751 bytes)Available download formats
    Dataset updated
    Jul 9, 2025
    Authors
    neerajguta gupta
    License

    https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/

    Area covered
    India
    Description

    his dataset contains demographic information for Indian states from the Census years 1951 to 2011. It includes total population, rural and urban population, literacy rate, and sex ratio for each state/UT across multiple decades.

    The dataset can be used for:

    Analyzing population trends over time

    Studying urbanization and rural migration

    Examining literacy growth across states

    Understanding sex ratio imbalances historically

    Building machine learning models for future population prediction

    Columns Included:

    State – Name of the State or Union Territory

    Year – Census year (1951, 1961, ..., 2011)

    Total_Population – Total population in that year

    Rural_Population – Population in rural areas

    Urban_Population – Population in urban areas

    Literacy_Rate – Literacy percentage of the population

    Sex_Ratio – Number of females per 1000 males

  5. Share of urban population in India from 2011-2035 by state

    • statista.com
    Updated Jun 25, 2025
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    Statista (2025). Share of urban population in India from 2011-2035 by state [Dataset]. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1164998/india-share-of-urban-population-by-state/
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    Dataset updated
    Jun 25, 2025
    Dataset authored and provided by
    Statistahttp://statista.com/
    Area covered
    India
    Description

    According to projections, *** percent of the population of NCT Delhi, Chandigarh and Lakshadweep in India were expected to live in urban areas by 2035. By contrast, slightly over *** percent of the population of Himachal Pradesh was expected to live in urban areas by the same year, which has the least share compared to the other states.

  6. Statewise Distribution of Population-2011

    • kaggle.com
    zip
    Updated Aug 3, 2022
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    Diya Santhosh (2022). Statewise Distribution of Population-2011 [Dataset]. https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/diyasanthosh/statewise-distribution-of-population2011
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    zip(11867 bytes)Available download formats
    Dataset updated
    Aug 3, 2022
    Authors
    Diya Santhosh
    Description

    The Dataset consist of distribution of population across different states. The dataset also gives information regarding the area of the state, urban-rural distribution of population, population density, sex ratio and literacy rates in different states with reference from 2011 census. The dataset helps in analysis of population distribution of India.

    Note: *Disputed area of 13 km^2 between Puducherry and Andhra Pradesh is included in neither. *The shortfall of 7 km^2 area of Madhya Pradesh and 3 km^2 area of Chhattisgarh is yet to be resolved by the Survey of India. *Area figures do not include the areas claimed by India that are in Pakistani or Chinese administrative control. This includes 78,114 km^2 of area in Azad Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan under Pakistani administration, 5,180 km^2 of area in Shaksgam Valley ceded to China by Pakistan and 37,555 km^2 of area in Aksai Chin under Chinese administration totaling to 120,849 km^2.

  7. Distribution of projected population growth India 2011-2036 by state

    • statista.com
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    Statista, Distribution of projected population growth India 2011-2036 by state [Dataset]. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1155340/india-distribution-of-projected-population-growth-by-state/
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    Dataset authored and provided by
    Statistahttp://statista.com/
    Area covered
    India
    Description

    The share of projected population increase in Uttar Pradesh, India from 2011 until 2036 is expected to grow by nearly ** percent. By contrast, the estimated population increase in Uttarakhand is expected to be less than *** percent during the same time period.

    Why project population?
    Population projections for a country are becoming increasingly important now than ever before. They are used primarily by government policy makers and planners to better understand and gauge future demand for basic services that predominantly include water, food and energy. In addition, they also support in indicating major movements that may affect economic development and in turn, employment and labour productivity. Consequently, this leads to amending policies in order to better adapt to the needs of society and to various circumstances.

    Demographic projections and health interventions Demographic figures serve the foremost purpose of improving health and health related services among the population. Some of the government interventions include antenatal and neonatal care with the aim of reducing maternal and neonatal mortality and morbidity rates. In addition, it also focuses on improving immunization coverage across the country. Further, demographic estimates help in better preempting the needs of growing populations, such as the geriatric population within a country.

  8. Median age of projected population India 2011-2036 by state

    • statista.com
    Updated Sep 14, 2020
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    Statista (2020). Median age of projected population India 2011-2036 by state [Dataset]. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1155450/india-median-age-of-projected-population-by-state/
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    Dataset updated
    Sep 14, 2020
    Dataset authored and provided by
    Statistahttp://statista.com/
    Area covered
    India
    Description

    The projected median age of population in India, at national level, was expected to go up to more than 34 years by 2036 versus almost 25 years in 2011. At state level, Tamil Nadu reflected the highest projected median age with over 40 years in 2036 versus nearly 30 years in 2011.

    The projected median age of population of a country is contingent upon several health metrics such as the fertility rate, birth rate, and mortality rate. For instance, if a country or state sees a lower fertility and mortality rate, the geriatric population is expected to increase proportionally.

  9. Literacy Rate India 2011

    • kaggle.com
    zip
    Updated Dec 18, 2022
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    Salim Mullani (2022). Literacy Rate India 2011 [Dataset]. https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/salimmullani/literacy-rate-india-2018
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    zip(9507 bytes)Available download formats
    Dataset updated
    Dec 18, 2022
    Authors
    Salim Mullani
    License

    https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/

    Area covered
    India
    Description

    The Dataset contain information of literacy rate in various cities over all the states of India. This data is given by Census 2011. According to the Census Statistics 2011, the population of India was 1,210,854,977 with 623,270,258 males and 587,584,719 females. Literacy was found to be a total of 74.04% with 65.46% literate females and 82.14% males. This was a 9.81% increase since the last census. Census is the process by which the information of a given population is calculated on the basis of economical, educational and social records, in a given period of time. Census is calculated after regular time intervals. These are some basic census facts. In India, the census is carried out every 5 years. The last census was calculated in the year 2011. This official census 2011 was the 15th census calculation which was done India. It was carried out in two main phases- population listing and house enumeration.

  10. d

    Year-wise Gender Ratio of Population: By Census (1901 To 2011)

    • dataful.in
    Updated Oct 10, 2025
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    Dataful (Factly) (2025). Year-wise Gender Ratio of Population: By Census (1901 To 2011) [Dataset]. https://dataful.in/datasets/746
    Explore at:
    csv, application/x-parquet, xlsxAvailable download formats
    Dataset updated
    Oct 10, 2025
    Dataset authored and provided by
    Dataful (Factly)
    License

    https://dataful.in/terms-and-conditionshttps://dataful.in/terms-and-conditions

    Area covered
    India
    Variables measured
    Gender Ratio
    Description

    The data shows the year-wise gender ratio of population for states and union territories of India over the time period of 110 years starting from 1901 to 2011 according to the census reports.

    Note: 1. For working out the gender ratio of India and Assam for 1981, interpolated figures for Assam have been used. 2. For working out the gender ratio of India and Jammu & Kashmir for 1991, interpolated figures for Jammu & Kashmir have been used. 3. The gender ratio for Arunachal Pradesh is not available for the years 1901-1951 and for Pondicherry it is not available for the years 1901, 1931 and 1941.

  11. Rural population in India in selected states and union territories 2011

    • statista.com
    Updated Dec 31, 2015
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    Statista (2015). Rural population in India in selected states and union territories 2011 [Dataset]. https://www.statista.com/statistics/616091/rural-population-by-state-and-union-territory-india/
    Explore at:
    Dataset updated
    Dec 31, 2015
    Dataset authored and provided by
    Statistahttp://statista.com/
    Time period covered
    2011
    Area covered
    India
    Description

    In 2011, the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh had the highest number of rural inhabitants. Bihar stood second in line with approximately 92 million people living in the rural areas during the same time period.

  12. I

    India Census: Population: by Religion: Muslim: Urban

    • ceicdata.com
    Updated Apr 7, 2022
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    CEICdata.com (2022). India Census: Population: by Religion: Muslim: Urban [Dataset]. https://www.ceicdata.com/en/india/census-population-by-religion/census-population-by-religion-muslim-urban
    Explore at:
    Dataset updated
    Apr 7, 2022
    Dataset provided by
    CEICdata.com
    License

    Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
    License information was derived automatically

    Time period covered
    Mar 1, 2001 - Mar 1, 2011
    Area covered
    India
    Variables measured
    Population
    Description

    India Census: Population: by Religion: Muslim: Urban data was reported at 68,740,419.000 Person in 2011. This records an increase from the previous number of 49,393,496.000 Person for 2001. India Census: Population: by Religion: Muslim: Urban data is updated yearly, averaging 59,066,957.500 Person from Mar 2001 (Median) to 2011, with 2 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 68,740,419.000 Person in 2011 and a record low of 49,393,496.000 Person in 2001. India Census: Population: by Religion: Muslim: Urban data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Census of India. The data is categorized under India Premium Database’s Demographic – Table IN.GAE001: Census: Population: by Religion.

  13. Indian Cities by Population 👥

    • kaggle.com
    zip
    Updated Sep 6, 2023
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    meer atif magsi (2023). Indian Cities by Population 👥 [Dataset]. https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/meeratif/list-of-cities-in-china-by-population
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    zip(6556 bytes)Available download formats
    Dataset updated
    Sep 6, 2023
    Authors
    meer atif magsi
    License

    https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/

    Area covered
    India
    Description

    Title: Population Data of Indian Cities (2011 and 2001)

    Description: This dataset contains population information for various cities in India, categorized by rank, city name, and population figures for the years 2011 and 2001. Additionally, it includes the corresponding state or union territory to which each city belongs. The dataset provides insights into population changes over a decade in different cities across India.

    Columns:

    Rank: This column represents the rank of each city based on its population in the year 2011. Cities are typically ranked in descending order of population, with the most populous city having the rank 1.

    City: This column contains the names of the cities for which population data is recorded.

    Population (2011): This column displays the population count of each city as of the year 2011. The population figures are likely to be recorded in thousands or millions

    Population (2001): This column provides the population count of each city as of the year 2001. Comparing this data with the 2011 population figures allows for an analysis of population growth or decline over the decade.

    State or Union Territory: This column indicates the administrative division to which each city belongs. In India, cities are typically grouped into states or union territories, and this column helps identify the geographical context of each city.

  14. d

    Master Data: Census 2011- State-wise consolidated Primary Census Abstract of...

    • dataful.in
    Updated Jul 29, 2025
    + more versions
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    Dataful (Factly) (2025). Master Data: Census 2011- State-wise consolidated Primary Census Abstract of Homeless People [Dataset]. https://dataful.in/datasets/156
    Explore at:
    xlsx, application/x-parquet, csvAvailable download formats
    Dataset updated
    Jul 29, 2025
    Dataset authored and provided by
    Dataful (Factly)
    License

    https://dataful.in/terms-and-conditionshttps://dataful.in/terms-and-conditions

    Time period covered
    2011
    Area covered
    India
    Variables measured
    Population
    Description

    The dataset contains state-wise consolidated primary census abstract of homeless people Note: Primary census abstract It is the information from census that is divided into several categories like, number of males in population, number of females in population etc.

  15. Old-age dependency ratio by state and union territory in India 2011

    • statista.com
    Updated Feb 1, 2016
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    Statista (2016). Old-age dependency ratio by state and union territory in India 2011 [Dataset]. https://www.statista.com/statistics/620240/old-age-dependency-ratio-by-state-india/
    Explore at:
    Dataset updated
    Feb 1, 2016
    Dataset authored and provided by
    Statistahttp://statista.com/
    Time period covered
    2011
    Area covered
    India
    Description

    The statistic illustrates the leading states and union territories in India with the highest old-age dependency ratio in 2011. In that year, the state of Punjab had an old-age dependency ratio of just over 16 percent.

  16. India Literacy Data - District Wise

    • kaggle.com
    zip
    Updated Feb 4, 2021
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    Satyam Prasad Tiwari (2021). India Literacy Data - District Wise [Dataset]. https://www.kaggle.com/satyampd/india-literacy-data-district-wise
    Explore at:
    zip(8143 bytes)Available download formats
    Dataset updated
    Feb 4, 2021
    Authors
    Satyam Prasad Tiwari
    Area covered
    India
    Description

    Context

    Government of India(GoI) does Census of entire country every ten years, last census was done in 2011 and next will be done in 2021. Purpose of census is to get good understanding of the country population and other associated things, these data helps GoI to create and enhance the the policy and new reforms.

    Content

    The attached CSV file has data related to Literacy in India according to India Census 2011. - First Column has simple serial number - Second column has the District name - Third column has State name corresponding to the district from second column. - Last column has the Literacy data corresponding to the district from second column.

    Acknowledgements

    All thanks to GoI and volunteers who help in collecting dataset.

    Inspiration

    This can be used to get insight about the education, as well as it can used along with other datasets as per need.

  17. Muslim population in India 2011 by state

    • statista.com
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    Statista, Muslim population in India 2011 by state [Dataset]. https://www.statista.com/statistics/616679/muslim-population-by-state-and-union-territory-india/
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    Dataset authored and provided by
    Statistahttp://statista.com/
    Time period covered
    2011
    Area covered
    India
    Description

    With almost all major religions being practiced throughout the country, India is known for its religious diversity. Islam makes up the highest share among minority faiths in the country. According to the Indian census of 2011, the Muslim population in Uttar Pradesh more than ** million, making it the state with the most Muslims.

    Socio-economic conditions of Muslims
    Muslims seem to lag behind every other religious community in India in terms of living standards, financial stability, education and other aspects, thereby showing poor performance in most of the fields. According to a national survey, 17 percent of the Muslims were categorized under the lowest wealth index, which indicates poor socio-economic conditions.

    Growth of Muslim population in India
    Islam is one of the fastest-growing religions worldwide. According to India’s census, the Muslim population has witnessed a negative decadal growth of more than ** percent from 1951 to 1960, presumably due to the partitions forming Pakistan and Bangladesh. The population showed a positive and steady growth since 1961, making up ** percent of the total population of India . Even though people following Islam were estimated to grow significantly, they would still remain a minority in India compared to *** billion Hindus by 2050.

  18. India's state-wise data

    • kaggle.com
    zip
    Updated Jul 14, 2020
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    Gokul Raj Kuppan (2020). India's state-wise data [Dataset]. https://www.kaggle.com/gokulrajkmv/indian-statewise-data-from-rbi
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    zip(1618 bytes)Available download formats
    Dataset updated
    Jul 14, 2020
    Authors
    Gokul Raj Kuppan
    License

    http://opendatacommons.org/licenses/dbcl/1.0/http://opendatacommons.org/licenses/dbcl/1.0/

    Area covered
    India
    Description

    Context

    This datasets contains data from RBI which is published annually and this data has different features such as

    Column names and legends

    2000-01-INC = Income of each state for the year 2001 2011-12-INC = Income of each state for the year 2011

    2001 - LIT = Literacy rate of each state for the year 2001 2011- LIT = Literacy rate of each state for the year 2011

    2001 - POP = Total population of each state for the year 2001 2011- POP = Total population of each state for the year 2011

    2001 -SEX_Ratio = Sex_Ratio of the each state for the year 2001 2011 -SEX_Ratio = Sex_Ratio of the each state for the year 2011

    2001 -UNEMP = Unemployment rate of the each state for the year 2001 2011 -UNEMP = Unemployment rate of the each state for the year 2011

    2001 -Poverty = Poverty rate of the each state for the year 2001 2011 -Poverty = Poverty rate of the each state for the year 2001

    Unemployment Rate - for a month is calculated using the following formula: The monthly estimations for India are calculated as a ratio of the total estimated unemployed persons in India to the total estimated labor force for a month

    Poverty rate = A common method used to estimate poverty in India is based on the income or consumption levels and if the income or consumption falls below a given minimum level, then the household is said to be Below the Poverty Line

    state's Income measured using state domestic product - is the total value of goods and services produced during any financial year within the geographical boundaries of a state

    Literacy rate - Total number of literate persons in a given age group, expressed as a percentage of the total population in that age group. The adult literacy rate measures literacy among persons aged 15 years and above, and the youth literacy rate measures literacy among persons aged 15 to 24 years

    Acknowledgements

    I wouldn't be here without the help of my friends and people who read this post. I owe you thanks for this research.

    Inspiration

    here are pretty basic question but I would high appreciate the data scientist community for any deep insight of the data in plots Cheers!!

    Objective of the study:

    -Is state's income is based on the education of the state -Does literacy rate contribute any changes to poverty rate

    Source of the Datasets

    datasets link

    if this found useful kindly up-vote cheers!!

  19. a

    India: Population under different age groups and Child Sex Ratio

    • hub.arcgis.com
    • up-state-observatory-esriindia1.hub.arcgis.com
    Updated Feb 2, 2022
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    GIS Online (2022). India: Population under different age groups and Child Sex Ratio [Dataset]. https://hub.arcgis.com/maps/66ebdd073af1426fad2ea2ff7617c2e3_0/about
    Explore at:
    Dataset updated
    Feb 2, 2022
    Dataset authored and provided by
    GIS Online
    Area covered
    Description

    This layer shows state-wise population under different age groups and Child Sex Ratio in 2001 and 2011 as per Economic Survey Report 2024-2025Source of data: https://www.indiabudget.gov.in/economicsurvey/doc/stat/tab8.8.pdfThis web layer is offered by Esri India, for ArcGIS Online subscribers. If you have any questions or comments, please let us know via content@esri.in.

  20. f

    Agriculture Census, 2011 - India

    • microdata.fao.org
    Updated Nov 25, 2020
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    Department of Agriculture and Cooperation & Farmers' Welfare (2020). Agriculture Census, 2011 - India [Dataset]. https://microdata.fao.org/index.php/catalog/1627
    Explore at:
    Dataset updated
    Nov 25, 2020
    Dataset authored and provided by
    Department of Agriculture and Cooperation & Farmers' Welfare
    Time period covered
    2011 - 2012
    Area covered
    India
    Description

    Abstract

    Agriculture plays an important role in India's economy. It provides gainful employment to a large section of population of the country, particularly, the rural population. It contributes to the socio-cultural development of the farming community. The land holding provides them the confidence and strength to stay and survive in the society. In view of the importance of agriculture, Government of India has been conducting comprehensive Agriculture Censuses for collection of data on structure and characteristics of agricultural holdings, as part of World Census of Agriculture Programme since 1970-71. Operational holding, being the basic unit of decision-making in agriculture, detailed data on structure of agricultural holdings and its characteristics are necessary for formulation of any meaningful and effective strategy for agricultural development.

    Geographic coverage

    National coverage

    Analysis unit

    Households

    Universe

    The statistical unit was the operational holding, defined as an entity comprising all land that is used wholly or partly for agricultural production and is operated as one technical unit by one person alone or with others, without regard to the title, legal form, size or location. A technical unit was defined as the unit that is under the same management and has the same means of production, such as labour force, machinery, animals, credit, etc. The operated area includes both cultivated and uncultivated area, provided that a part of it is put to agricultural production during the reference period.

    Kind of data

    Census/enumeration data [cen]

    Sampling procedure

    (a) Sampling design For the collection of data in the Agriculture Census, an approach of Census-cum-sample survey has been adopted. Various States in the country have been grouped in to two categories i.e. land record States and non-land record States. Those States where comprehensive land records are maintained giving information on land and its utilization, cropping pattern etc are called land record States and those States where such information is not maintained in the form of land-records are called nonland record States. In land record States data on Agriculture Census is pooled for all the parcels of an operational holding irrespective of its location. However, for operational convenience the outer limit for pooling is restricted to taluka. This pooling is done for each operational holder in the village of his residence. In the non-land record States the data is collected through sample survey following household enquiry approach in 20% of villages in each block. In these selected villages, all the operational holdings are enumerated following household enquiry approach.Thus in land record States no sampling is resorted to for data collection for the number and area of operational holdings and in nonland record States sampling of villages in each block/taluka is resorted to

    Mode of data collection

    Face-to-face [f2f]

    Research instrument

    Three questionnaires were used, one for each of the three phases of the census:

    · Phase I questionnaire, for collecting data on number and area of operational holdings, according to the prescribed size classes2 for different social groups,3 types of holdings' and gender.

    · Phase II questionnaire, for collecting data on: (i) dispersal of holdings; (ii) tenancy and terms of leasing; (iii) land utilization; (iv) irrigation status and source-wise area irrigated; (v) cropping pattern

    · Phase III questionnaire, for collecting additional data.

    The AC 2011 questionnaires covered 12 items of the 16 core items recommended for the WCA 2010 round. The exceptions were: (i) "Presence of aquaculture on the holding" (ii) "Other economic production activities of the holding's enterprise" (iii) "Number of animals on the holding for each livestock type" (iv) "Presence of forests and other woodland on the holding"

    See questionnaire in external materials.

    Cleaning operations

    (a) DATA PROCESSING AND ARCHIVING In-house software was developed for data entry and processing of census data. Data entry, data validation and error correction, the generation of trial tables, and the generation of final tables and their examination by states or UTs took place according to the three phases of the census. All questionnaires were manually scrutinized by the statistical staff before they were submitted for data entry. Data are archived at tehsil level and are available in the public domain. The data entry and processing software included checks of census data for inconsistencies and mismatch.

    Data appraisal

    Census data are compiled at the national and tehsil level. The All India Report of Agriculture Census 2010-2011 is based on the data collected during Phase-II of the Census. The detailed data of AC 2010/2011 results are available on the website of the Department of Agriculture, Cooperation & Farmers' Welfare.

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Statista (2015). Urban population in India by state and union territory 2011 [Dataset]. https://www.statista.com/statistics/616121/urban-population-by-state-and-union-territory-india/
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Urban population in India by state and union territory 2011

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Dataset updated
Dec 31, 2015
Dataset authored and provided by
Statistahttp://statista.com/
Time period covered
2011
Area covered
India
Description

The statistic displays the main states and union territories with the highest number of people living in urban areas in India in 2011. In that year, the state of Maharashtra had the highest population with over 50 million people living in urban areas. The population density in India from 2004 to 2014 can be seen here.

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