This report was released in September 2010. However, recent demographic data is available on the datastore - you may find other datasets on the Datastore useful such as: GLA Population Projections, National Insurance Number Registrations of Overseas Nationals, Births by Birthplace of Mother, Births and Fertility Rates, Office for National Statistics (ONS) Population Estimates FOCUSONLONDON2010:POPULATIONANDMIGRATION London is the United Kingdom’s only city region. Its population of 7.75 million is 12.5 per cent of the UK population living on just 0.6 per cent of the land area. London’s average population density is over 4,900 persons per square kilometre, this is ten times that of the second most densely populated region. Between 2001 and 2009 London’s population grew by over 430 thousand, more than any other region, accounting for over 16 per cent of the UK increase. This report discusses in detail the population of London including Population Age Structure, Fertility and Mortality, Internal Migration, International Migration, Population Turnover and Churn, and Demographic Projections. Population and Migration report is the first release of the Focus on London 2010-12 series. Reports on themes such as Income, Poverty, Labour Market, Skills, Health, and Housing are also available. PRESENTATION: To access an interactive presentation about population changes in London click the link to see it on Prezi.com FACTS: Top five boroughs for babies born per 10,000 population in 2008-09: 1. Newham – 244.4 2. Barking and Dagenham – 209.3 3. Hackney – 205.7 4. Waltham Forest – 202.7 5. Greenwich – 196.2 ... 32. Havering – 116.8 33. City of London – 47.0 In 2009, Barnet overtook Croydon as the most populous London borough. Prior to this Croydon had been the largest since 1966 Population per hectare of land used for Domestic building and gardens is highest in Tower Hamlets In 2008-09, natural change (births minus deaths) led to 78,000 more Londoners compared with only 8,000 due to migration. read more about this or click play on the chart below to reveal how regional components of populations change have altered over time.

The population of London reached over **** million in 2024, an increase of almost *** million people when compared with the early 1980s. Throughout the 1980s, the population of the United Kingdom's capital grew at a relatively slow rate, before accelerating to a much faster rate in the 1990s. London is by far the largest city / urban agglomeration in the United Kingdom, more than three times larger than the next largest cities of Manchester and Birmingham. London’s forecasted population is expected to continue growing at much the same pace it has been growing since the mid-1990s and reach almost *** million by 2042. London boroughs As of 2024, the London borough with the highest population was Croydon, at approximately *******, followed by Barnet at *******. Overall, London is divided into 33 different boroughs, with London's historic center, the City of London, having by far the smallest population, at just ******. Residents of the City of London, however, have the highest average median weekly earnings among all of London's boroughs, at ***** pounds per week, compared with just *** pounds per week in Redbridge, the lowest average weekly earnings among London boroughs. While the overall unemployment rate for London was 5** percent in early 2025, this ranged from ****percent in Newham, to just *** percent in Richmond upon Thames.
Economic imbalance Aside from being the UK's largest city in terms of population, London is also undoubtedly the UK's cultural, political and economic center. As of 2023, the GDP of Greater London was approximately *** billion British pounds, almost a quarter of the UK's overall GDP. In the same year, GDP per person in London was ****** pounds compared with the UK average of ****** pounds. Additionally, productivity in London is far higher than the UK average. As measured by output per hour worked, London was **** percent more productive than the rest of the UK.

In 2024, the population of the United Kingdom reached 69.3 million, compared with 68.5 million in 2023. The UK population has more than doubled since 1871 when just under 31.5 million lived in the UK and has grown by around 10.4 million since the start of the twenty-first century. For most of the twentieth century, the UK population steadily increased, with two noticeable drops in population occurring during World War One (1914-1918) and in World War Two (1939-1945). Demographic trends in postwar Britain After World War Two, Britain and many other countries in the Western world experienced a 'baby boom,' with a postwar peak of 1.02 million live births in 1947. Although the number of births fell between 1948 and 1955, they increased again between the mid-1950s and mid-1960s, with more than one million people born in 1964. Since 1964, however, the UK birth rate has fallen from 18.8 births per 1,000 people to a low of just 10.2 in 2020. As a result, the UK population has gotten significantly older, with the country's median age increasing from 37.9 years in 2001 to 40.7 years in 2022. What are the most populated areas of the UK? The vast majority of people in the UK live in England, which had a population of 58.6 million people in 2024. By comparison, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland had populations of 5.5 million, 3.2 million, and 1.9 million, respectively. Within England, South East England had the largest population, at over 9.6 million, followed by the UK's vast capital city of London, at almost 9.1 million. London is far larger than any other UK city in terms of urban agglomeration, with just four other cities; Manchester, Birmingham, Leeds, and Glasgow, boasting populations that exceed one million people.

IMPORTANT NOTE: These projections have been superceded, please see https://data.london.gov.uk/demography/ for the latest GLA projections. The 2010 round of projections was the first to be produced using the GLA’s updated borough projection model. This incorporated a number of methodological improvements over the model used for previous projection rounds. Projections were produced using development trajectories derived from the 2009 Strategic Housing Land Availability Assessment and household formation rates taken from DCLG’s 2008-based household projections.

National and subnational mid-year population estimates for the UK and its constituent countries by administrative area, age and sex (including components of population change, median age and population density).

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Excel age range creator for GLA Projections data

This Excel based tool enables users to query the raw single year of age data so that any age range can easily be calculated without having to carry out often complex, and time consuming formulas that could also be open to human error. Each year the GLA demography team produce sets of population projections. On this page each of these datasets since 2009 can be accessed, though please remember that the older versions have been superceded. From 2012, data includes population estimates and projections between 2001 and 2041 for each borough plus Central London (Camden, City of London, Kensington & Chelsea, and Westminster), Rest of Inner Boroughs, Inner London, Outer London and Greater London.

The full raw data by single year of age (SYA) and gender are available as Datastore packages at the links below.

How to use the tool: Simply select the lower and upper age range for both males and females (starting in cell C3) and the spreadsheet will return the total population for the range.

Tip: You can copy and paste the boroughs you are interested in to another worksheet by clicking: Edit then Go To (or Control + G), then Special, and Visible cells only. Then simply copy and 'paste values' of the cells to a new location.

Warning: The ethnic group and ward files are large (around 35MB), and may take some time to download depending on your bandwidth.

Find out more about GLA population projections on the GLA Demographic Projections page

BOROUGH PROJECTIONS

GLA 2009 Round London Plan Population Projections (January 2010) (SUPERSEDED)

GLA 2009 Round (revised) London Plan Population Projections (August 2010) (SUPERCEDED)

GLA 2009 Round (revised) SHLAA Population Projections (August 2010) (SUPERCEDED)

GLA 2010 Round SHLAA Population Projections (February 2011) (SUPERCEDED)

GLA 2011 Round SHLAA Population Projections, High Fertility (December 2011) (SUPERCEDED)

GLA 2011 Round SHLAA Population Projections, Standard Fertility (January 2012) (SUPERCEDED)

GLA 2012 Round SHLAA Population Projections, (December 2012)(SUPERCEDED)

GLA 2012 Round Trend Based Population Projections, (December 2012) (SUPERCEDED)

GLA 2012 Round SHLAA Borough Projections incorporating DCLG 2011 household formation rates, (June 2013) (SUPERCEDED)

GLA 2013 Round Trend Based Population Projections - High (December 2013) (SUPERCEDED)

GLA 2013 Round Trend Based Population Projections - Central (December 2013) (SUPERCEDED)

GLA 2013 Round Trend Based Population Projections - Low (December 2013) (SUPERCEDED)

GLA 2013 Round SHLAA Based Population Projections (February 2014) (SUPERCEDED) Spreadsheet now includes national comparator data from ONS.

GLA 2013 Round SHLAA Based Capped Population Projections (March 2014) (SUPERCEDED) Spreadsheet includes national comparator data from ONS.

GLA 2014 Round Trend-based, Short-Term Migration Scenario Population Projections (April 2015) Spreadsheet includes national comparator data from ONS.

GLA 2014 Round Trend-based, Long-Term Migration Scenario Population Projections (April 2015) Spreadsheet includes national comparator data from ONS.

GLA 2014 Round SHLAA DCLG Based Long Term Migration Scenario Population Projections (April 2015) Spreadsheet includes national comparator data from ONS.

GLA 2014 Round SHLAA Capped Household Size Model Short Term Migration Scenario Population Projections (April 2015) Spreadsheet includes national comparator data from ONS. This is the recommended file to use.

WARD PROJECTIONS

GLA 2008 round (High) Ward Projections (March 2009) (SUPERSEDED)

GLA 2009 round (revised) London Plan Ward Projections (August 2010) (SUPERCEDED)

GLA 2010 round SHLAA Ward Projections (February 2011) (SUPERCEDED)

GLA 2011 round SHLAA Standard Ward Projections (January 2012) (SUPERCEDED)

GLA 2011 round SHLAA High Ward Projections (January 2012) (SUPERCEDED)

GLA 2012 round SHLAA based Ward Projections (March 2013) (XLS) (SUPERCEDED)

GLA 2012 round SHLAA Ward Projections (March 2013) (XLS) (SUPERCEDED)

GLA 2013 round SHLAA Ward Projections (March 2014) (SUPERCEDED)

GLA 2013 round SHLAA Capped Ward Projections (March 2014) (SUPERCEDED)

GLA 2014 round SHLAA Capped Household Size Model Short Term Migration Scenario Ward Projections (April 2015) This is the recommended file to use.

ETHNIC GROUP PROJECTIONS FOR LOCAL AUTHORITIES

GLA 2012 Round SHLAA Ethnic Group Borough Projections - Interim (May 2013) (SUPERCEDED)

GLA 2012 Round Trend Based Ethnic Group Borough Projections - Interim (May 2013) (SUPERCEDED)

GLA 2012 Round SHLAA Based Ethnic Group Borough Projections - Final (Nov 2013) (SUPERCEDED)

GLA 2012 Round Trend Based Ethnic Group Borough Projections - Final (Nov 2013) (SUPERCEDED)

GLA 2013 Round SHLAA Capped Ethnic Group Borough Projections (August 2014)

ONS Mid-year estimates (MYE) of resident populations for London boroughs are available in the following files: Mid-year population by single year of age (SYA) and sex, for each year 1999 to 2014. ONS mid-year estimates data back to 1961 total population for each year since 1961. These files take into account the revised estimates released in 2010. Ward level Population Estimates London wards single year of age data covering each year since 2002. Custom Age Range Tool An Excel tool is available that uses Single year of age data that enables users to select any age range required. ONS policy is to publish population estimates rounded to at least the nearest hundred persons. Estimates by single year of age, and the detailed components of change are provided in units to facilitate further calculations. They cannot be guaranteed to be as exact as the level of detail implied by unit figures. Estimates are calculated by single year of age but these figures are less reliable and ONS advise that they should be aggregated to at least five-year age groupings for use in further calculations, onwards circulation, or for presentation purposes. (Splitting into 0 year olds and 1-4 year olds is an acceptable exception). ONS mid-year population estimates data by 5 year age groups going all the way back to 1981, are available on the NOMIS website. Data are Crown Copyright and users should include a source accreditation to ONS - Source: Office for National Statistics. Under the terms of the Open Government License (OGL) and UK Government Licensing Framework, anyone wishing to use or re-use ONS material, whether commercially or privately, may do so freely without a specific application. For further information, go to http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/ or phone 020 8876 3444. For a detailed explanation of the methodology used in population estimates, see papers available on the Population Estimates section of the ONS website. Additional information can also be obtained from Population Estimates Customer Services at pop.info@ons.gsi.gov.uk (Tel: 01329 444661).

Ethnic group projections were produced consistent with the published development-linked population projections.

These projections have been produced on the basis of ten aggregated ethnic groups and were consistent with the available results from the 2001 Census.

An overview of the results of these projections is available in the accompanying Update.

Excel Age-Range creator for Office for National Statistics (ONS) Mid year population estimates (MYE) covering each year between 1999 and 2016 These files take into account the revised estimates for 2002-2010 released in April 2013 down to Local Authority level and the post 2011 estimates based on the Census results. Scotland and Northern Ireland data has not been revised, so Great Britain and United Kingdom totals comprise the original data for these plus revised England and Wales figures. This Excel based tool enables users to query the single year of age raw data so that any age range can easily be calculated without having to carry out often complex, and time consuming formulas that could also be open to human error. Simply select the lower and upper age range for both males and females and the spreadsheet will return the total population for the range. Please adhere to the terms and conditions of supply contained within the file. Tip: You can copy and paste the rows you are interested in to another worksheet by using the filters at the top of the columns and then select all by pressing Ctrl+A. Then simply copy and paste the cells to a new location. ONS Mid year population estimates Open Excel tool (London Boroughs, Regions and National, 1999-2016) Also available is a custom-age tool for all geographies in the UK. Open the tool for all UK geographies (local authority and above) for: 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014 and 2015. This full MYE dataset by single year of age (SYA) age and gender is available as a Datastore package here. Ward Level Population estimates Single year of age population tool for 2002 to 2015 for all wards in London. New 2014 Ward boundary estimates Ward boundary changes in May 2014 only affected three London boroughs - Hackney, Kensington and Chelsea, and Tower Hamlets. The estimates between 2001-2013 have been calculated by the GLA by taking the proportion of a the old ward that falls within the new ward based on the proportion of population living in each area at the 2011 Census. Therefore, these estimates are purely indicative and are not official statistics and not endorsed by ONS. From 2014 onwards, ONS began publishing official estimates for the new ward boundaries. Download here.

This report provides a summary of demographic and related data for each Westminster Parliamentary constituency in Greater London. The profiles are designed to provide an overview of the population in each area by combining a range of data on the population, diversity, households, life expectancy, council tax, crime, household income (paycheck), benefits, land use, education, business and deprivation. All data, relate to people who live in the area, i.e. they are residence-based.

The vast majority of data used in these profiles was aggregated from either Lower Super Output Area or Ward level data. Lookup tables are available to download from this page so that users can construct their own constituency data from ward or LSOA datasets.

In the PDF version of the report are maps for each area that show both the location of the constituency within London, the wards that make up the constituency, and also borough boundaries.

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Data in these profiles are available in the following formats:

● Full Briefing as PDF

● Interactive Excel spreadsheet - for the Excel spreadsheet to function as it should, save it to your computer, and when prompted to do so, enable the macros.

● An interactive Excel version that includes maps is also available.

● Instant Atlas interactive maps (requires Flash)

The GLA Data Management and Analysis Group (DMAG) has produced these profiles, using the most up to date information available at the time of collection (February 2010).

The raw data that was used to create the profiles are also available in both Excel and CSV formats.

Mid-year (30 June) estimates of the usual resident population for Lower layer Super Output Areas (LSOAs) in England and Wales by single year of age and sex.

A number of characteristics of individuals are protected under the 2010 Equality Act, in order to limit the discrimination and disadvantage of groups with one or several shared characteristics. This table brings together a range of sources to present estimates of London's population by gender, age, ethnicity, religion, disability status, country of birth and sexual identity. It also shows population breakdowns for subgroups in each of these categories by broad age group and ethnicity. The socio-economic position of individuals is not a protected characteristic, but is nonetheless an important factor affecting outcomes. The table therefore also includes social class at the household level.

In 2024/25, 13,231 people who were seen to be sleeping rough in London compared with 11,993 in the previous reporting year, and the most reported during this time period. The number of people reported to be sleeping rough has steadily increased throughout this time period, with the dip in 2020/21, and 2022/23, likely related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Demographics of London's homeless As of the most recent reporting year, over 2,000 of London's rough sleepers were in the borough of Westminster, the most of any London borough. In terms of gender, the majority of rough sleepers are male, with more than 10,000 men seen to be sleeping rough, compared with 2,149 women, and 18 non-binary people. The most common age group was among those aged between 36 and 45 years old, at more than 3,900, compared with 1,411 25 and under, 3,580 aged between 26 and 34, 2,860 aged 45 and 55, and around 1,578 over 55s. Homelessness in the U.S. Homelessness is also an important social issue in several other countries. In the United States, for example, there were estimated to be approximately 653,104 people experiencing homelessness in 2023. This was a noticeable increase on the previous year, and the highest number between 2007 and 2023. When looking at U.S. states, New York had the highest homelessness rate, at 52 individuals per 10,000 population, followed by Vermont at 51.

The population of the United Kingdom in 2024 was estimated to be approximately 69.3 million, with over 9.6 million people living in South East England. London had the next highest population, at almost 9.1 million people, followed by the North West England at 7.7 million. With the UK's population generally concentrated in England, most English regions have larger populations than the constituent countries of Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland, which had populations of 5.5 million, 3.2 million, and 1.9 million respectively. English counties and cities The United Kingdom is a patchwork of various regional units, within England the largest of these are the regions shown here, which show how London, along with the rest of South East England had around 18 million people living there in this year. The next significant regional units in England are the 47 metropolitan and ceremonial counties. After London, the metropolitan counties of the West Midlands, Greater Manchester, and West Yorkshire were the biggest of these counties, due to covering the large urban areas of Birmingham, Manchester, and Leeds respectively. Regional divisions in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland The smaller countries that comprise the United Kingdom each have different local subdivisions. Within Scotland these are called council areas, whereas in Wales the main regional units are called unitary authorities. Scotland's largest Council Area by population is that of Glasgow City at over 650,000, while in Wales, it was the Cardiff Unitary Authority at around 384,000. Northern Ireland, on the other hand, has eleven local government districts, the largest of which is Belfast with a population of approxiamtely 352,000.

IMPORTANT NOTE: These projections have been superceded, please see https://data.london.gov.uk/demography/ for the latest GLA projections. The 2012 round of projections were the first to incorporate initial results from the 2011-Census. The projections adopted ONS’s subsequent 2011 mid-year estimate as the base population from which to project forward. No migration data was available from the census to update the models so these used a mix of modified rates from the 2001 Census and rates taken from ONS’s 2010-based subnational projections. No population back-series consistent with the 2011 mid-year estimate was available at the time the projections were being produced. A consistent back-series is crucial for the projection process as it is used to generate the rates and propensities governing fertility, mortality and migration used in the projections. The GLA produced its own back-series consistent with 2001 and 2011 mid-year estimates. For this round, both trend-based and development-linked projections were produced. The development-linked projections made use of trajectories derived from the 2009 Strategic Housing Land Availability Assessment. Household formation rates were based on those from DCLG’s 2011-based household projections.

Excel Age-Range creator for Office for National Statistics (ONS) Mid year population estimates (MYE) covering each year between 1999 and 2014

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These files take into account the revised estimates for 2002-2010 released in April 2013 down to Local Authority level and the post 2011 estimates based on the Census results. Scotland and Northern Ireland data has not been revised, so Great Britain and United Kingdom totals comprise the original data for these plus revised England and Wales figures.

This Excel based tool enables users to query the single year of age raw data so that any age range can easily be calculated without having to carry out often complex, and time consuming formulas that could also be open to human error. Simply select the lower and upper age range for both males and females and the spreadsheet will return the total population for the range. Please adhere to the terms and conditions of supply contained within the file.

Tip: You can copy and paste the rows you are interested in to another worksheet by using the filters at the top of the columns and then select all by pressing Ctrl+A. Then simply copy and paste the cells to a new location.

ONS Mid year population estimates

Open Excel tool (London Boroughs, Regions and National, 1999-2014)

Also available is a custom-age tool for all geographies in the UK. Open the tool for all UK geographies (local authority and above) for: 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, and 2014.

This full MYE dataset by single year of age (SYA) age and gender is available as a Datastore package here.

Ward Level Population estimates

Excel single year of age population tool for 2002 to 2013 for all wards in London.

New 2014 Ward boundary estimates

This data is only for wards in the three London boroughs that changed their ward boundaries in May 2014. The estimates in this spreadsheet have been calculated by the GLA by taking the proportion of a the old ward that falls within the new ward based on the proportion of population living in each area at the 2011 Census. Therefore, these estimates are purely indicative and are not official statistics and not endorsed by ONS.

This report from the GLA Intelligence Unit compares 2011 census estimates of the population aged 0-18 to the following alternative data sources: • ONS 2010 based sub-national population projections (SNPP); • GLA 2011 round population projections; • General Practitioner registrations; and • Child benefit claims. The report is available to download here. An Excel file containing the data behind charts and tables in the report is available to download here

This series has been discontinued. Life expectancy at birth and age 65 by sex and ward, London borough, region, 1999/03 - 2010/14. The population data used is revised 2002-2010 ONS mid year estimates (MYE) - revised post 2011 Census. Revised population estimates by single year of age for wards can also be found on the ONS website for 2002-2010, 2011, 2012, and 2013. These figures are consistent with the published revised mid-2002 to mid-2010 local authority estimates. Rolling 5-year combined life expectancies are used for wards to reduce the effects of the variability in number of deaths in each year. The same method is applied to higher geographies to enable meaningful comparisons. However, 3-year combined expectancies are published separately on the Datastore for geographical areas that are local authority and above. If the GLA publish revised 2002-2010 population data for wards then these life expectancy figures will also be revised to reflect them. The ONS vital statistics mortality data breaks deaths into 10 year age bands. 5 year age band deaths were modelled using this data. Vital Statistics: Population and Health Reference Tables are available on the ONS website here. The tool for calculating life expectancy is available from Public Health England. The highest age band in the calculator is currently 85+. If the tool is updated with a higher upper age band (ie 90+), this data will be revised to reflect this change. Healthy life expectancy and disability-free life expectancy (1999-2003) at birth have been calculated for wards in England and Wales. These can be found on the ONS website. This data is also presented in the GLA ward profiles.

About this dataset

Context

The dataset tabulates the London household income by gender. The dataset can be utilized to understand the gender-based income distribution of London income.

Content

The dataset will have the following datasets when applicable

Please note: The 2020 1-Year ACS estimates data was not reported by the Census Bureau due to the impact on survey collection and analysis caused by COVID-19. Consequently, median household income data for 2020 is unavailable for large cities (population 65,000 and above).

• London, OH annual median income by work experience and sex dataset : Aged 15+, 2010-2022 (in 2022 inflation-adjusted dollars)
• London, OH annual income distribution by work experience and gender dataset (Number of individuals ages 15+ with income, 2021)

Good to know

Margin of Error

Data in the dataset are based on the estimates and are subject to sampling variability and thus a margin of error. Neilsberg Research recommends using caution when presening these estimates in your research.

Custom data

If you do need custom data for any of your research project, report or presentation, you can contact our research staff at research@neilsberg.com for a feasibility of a custom tabulation on a fee-for-service basis.

Inspiration

Neilsberg Research Team curates, analyze and publishes demographics and economic data from a variety of public and proprietary sources, each of which often includes multiple surveys and programs. The large majority of Neilsberg Research aggregated datasets and insights is made available for free download at https://www.neilsberg.com/research/.

Interested in deeper insights and visual analysis?

Explore our comprehensive data analysis and visual representations for a deeper understanding of London income distribution by gender. You can refer the same here

UK residents by broad country of birth and citizenship groups, broken down by UK country, local authority, unitary authority, metropolitan and London boroughs, and counties. Estimates from the Annual Population Survey.