The statistics show the population development of selected metropolitan areas from 1995 to 2035. In 1995, Moscow had about *** million inhabitants. It is predicted that by 2035, there will be about ***** million inhabitants in Moscow.

Historical dataset of population level and growth rate for the Moscow, Russia metro area from 1950 to 2025.

As of January 1, 2023, over 13.1 million persons resided in Moscow, the largest city in Russia and Europe. The population of the Russian capital increased slightly from the previous year. The number of Moscow residents crossed the 13-million mark in 2021. Starting from 2012, the city’s population grew by roughly 1.5 million. Moscow is one of the world’s megacities with the largest land area, which exceeds 6,600 square kilometers. Cost of living in Moscow While prices in Moscow are higher than in most other cities of Russia, they are lower than in many other megacities around the world, such as Singapore, New York, and Paris. In 2023, Moscow recorded the largest drop in the rank in the list of the most expensive cities worldwide, at 105 positions. Moscow residents earned an average net salary of 128,300 Russian rubles per month in 2022. Immigration to Moscow Due to the presence of various companies, job opportunities, higher salaries than in most other regions of the country, acclaimed universities, and highly developed infrastructure, Moscow is an attractive destination for both internal and international immigrants. In 2022, more than 940,000 Russian residents migrated to the Central Federal District of the country, where Moscow is located. From the international immigrants, the largest share comes from Central Asian countries.

Population: CF: City of Moscow data was reported at 13,258,262.000 Person in 2024. This records an increase from the previous number of 13,149,803.000 Person for 2023. Population: CF: City of Moscow data is updated yearly, averaging 11,139,139.500 Person from Dec 1989 (Median) to 2024, with 36 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 13,258,262.000 Person in 2024 and a record low of 8,880,124.000 Person in 1989. Population: CF: City of Moscow data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal State Statistics Service. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Russian Federation – Table RU.GA002: Population: by Region.

Russia's capital, Moscow, was the largest city in the country with over **** million residents as of January 1, 2024. Less than a half of Moscow's population resided in Saint Petersburg, the second-most populous city in the country. The third-largest city, Novosibirsk, was located in the Siberian Federal District, being the highest-populated city in the Asian part of Russia. Why is Moscow so populated? The Russian capital is the center of political, industrial, business, and cultural life in Russia. Despite being one of the most expensive cities worldwide, it continues to attract people from Russia and abroad, with its resident population following a generally upward trend over the past decade. Wages in Moscow are higher than in Russia on average, and more opportunities for employment and investment are available in the capital. Furthermore, the number of people living in Moscow was forecast to continue rising, exceeding **** million by 2035. Urbanization in Russia In 2024, around *** million Russian residents lived in cities. That was approximately three-quarters of the country’s population. The urbanization rate increased steadily over the 20th century, leading to a decline in the rural population. Among the country’s regions, the Northwestern Federal District had the highest share of residents in urban areas, measured at ** percent. In the Central Federal District, the tendency was that more people moved to Moscow and cities in the Moscow Oblast.

Population: Female: CF: City of Moscow data was reported at 7,044,905.000 Person in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 7,019,477.000 Person for 2022. Population: Female: CF: City of Moscow data is updated yearly, averaging 5,934,606.000 Person from Dec 1989 (Median) to 2023, with 35 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 7,044,905.000 Person in 2023 and a record low of 4,898,047.000 Person in 1989. Population: Female: CF: City of Moscow data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal State Statistics Service. The data is categorized under Russia Premium Database’s Demographic and Labour Market – Table RU.GA010: Population: Female: by Region.

Population: Rural: CF: City of Moscow data was reported at 0.000 Person in 2024. This stayed constant from the previous number of 0.000 Person for 2023. Population: Rural: CF: City of Moscow data is updated yearly, averaging 147,167.500 Person from Dec 2010 (Median) to 2024, with 14 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 220,771.000 Person in 2021 and a record low of 0.000 Person in 2024. Population: Rural: CF: City of Moscow data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal State Statistics Service. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Russian Federation – Table RU.GA012: Population: Rural: by Region.

Population: Working Age: CF: City of Moscow data was reported at 7,539,518.000 Person in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 7,404,404.000 Person for 2021. Population: Working Age: CF: City of Moscow data is updated yearly, averaging 7,157,180.000 Person from Dec 1989 (Median) to 2022, with 34 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 7,539,518.000 Person in 2022 and a record low of 5,177,349.000 Person in 1989. Population: Working Age: CF: City of Moscow data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal State Statistics Service. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Russian Federation – Table RU.GA013: Population: Working Age: by Region.

In 2025, Moscow was the largest city in Europe with an estimated urban agglomeration of 12.74 million people. The French capital, Paris, was the second largest city in 2025 at 11.35 million, followed by the capitals of the United Kingdom and Spain, with London at 9.84 million and Madrid at 6.81 million people. Istanbul, which would otherwise be the largest city in Europe in 2025, is excluded as it is only partially in Europe, with a sizeable part of its population living in Asia. Europe’s population is almost 750 million Since 1950, the population of Europe has increased by approximately 200 million people, increasing from 550 million to 750 million in these seventy years. Before the turn of the millennium, Europe was the second-most populated continent, before it was overtaken by Africa, which saw its population increase from 228 million in 1950 to 817 million by 2000. Asia has consistently had the largest population of the world’s continents and was estimated to have a population of 4.6 billion. Europe’s largest countries Including its territory in Asia, Russia is by far the largest country in the world, with a territory of around 17 million square kilometers, almost double that of the next largest country, Canada. Within Europe, Russia also has the continent's largest population at 145 million, followed by Germany at 83 million and the United Kingdom at almost 68 million. By contrast, Europe is also home to various micro-states such as San Marino, which has a population of just 30 thousand.

Population: Male: CF: City of Moscow data was reported at 6,104,898.000 Person in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 6,084,700.000 Person for 2022. Population: Male: CF: City of Moscow data is updated yearly, averaging 5,156,822.000 Person from Dec 1989 (Median) to 2023, with 35 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 6,104,898.000 Person in 2023 and a record low of 3,982,077.000 Person in 1989. Population: Male: CF: City of Moscow data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal State Statistics Service. The data is categorized under Russia Premium Database’s Demographic and Labour Market – Table RU.GA009: Population: Male: by Region.

This graph shows the growth in the U.S. export volume of trade goods to Russia from 1992 to 2023. In 2023, U.S. exports to Russia amounted to about 600 million U.S. dollars. RussiaRussia is the largest country in the world, with a combined land and water area of about 17 million square kilometers between their borders. It covers more than one-eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area. It is larger than Antarctica (14 million square kilometers) and larger than all of Europe (10.5 million square kilometers). In comparison to the country’s huge land mass, the population of Russia is rather minute; with a population of only about 144 million, which comes down to a population density of 8.4 inhabitants per square kilometer. Population density in the United States, which is the fourth largest country in the world, has about 33 inhabitants per sqkm. The Russian population is relatively concentrated around the big metropolitan areas of the country. About 75 percent of Russians live in an urban area. Moscow, the capital of Russia, has about 12 million inhabitants. The greater Moscow metropolitan area has about 16 million inhabitants and is the fifteenth largest metro area in the world. Most of the Russian population lives in the part of the country that is part of the European continent. About 74 percent of all Russians live west of the Ural on an area that encompasses only 23 percent of Russia's total land area.

London was by far the largest urban agglomeration in the United Kingdom in 2025, with an estimated population of *** million people, more than three times as large as Manchester, the UK’s second-biggest urban agglomeration. The agglomerations of Birmingham and Leeds / Bradford had the third and fourth-largest populations, respectively, while the biggest city in Scotland, Glasgow, was the fifth largest. Largest cities in Europe Two cities in Europe had larger urban areas than London, with Istanbul having a population of around **** million and the Russian capital Moscow having a population of over **** million. The city of Paris, located just over 200 miles away from London, was the second-largest city in Europe, with a population of more than **** million people. Paris was followed by London in terms of population size, and then by the Spanish cities of Madrid and Barcelona, at *** million and *** million people, respectively. The Italian capital, Rome, was the next largest city at *** million, followed by Berlin at *** million. London’s population growth Throughout the 1980s, the population of London fluctuated from a high of **** million people in 1981 to a low of **** million inhabitants in 1988. During the 1990s, the population of London increased once again, growing from ****million at the start of the decade to **** million by 1999. London's population has continued to grow since the turn of the century, and despite declining between 2019 and 2021, it reached *** million people in 2023 and is forecast to reach almost *** million by 2047.

Urban population growth has been constant for several decades in France. Between 1960 and 2023, it rose from 61.88 percent to 81.78 percent. The phenomenon of urbanization was more significant in the 1960s. Indeed, over this period, the rate of the French population living in cities increased by 10 points. The evolution was more weighted over the next 50 years, rising from 71.06 percent in 1970 to 80.98 percent in 2020.An increase in urbanization was accompanied over the same period by a sharp rise in the overall French population, from 55.57 million inhabitants in 1982 to around 68 million in 2024. Paris, an urban giant in France Like in the United Kingdom, the French-style centralized system has led to a high concentration of population around economic, financial, cultural and political centers, all located in the British and French capitals. London and Paris (and its conurbation) are among the largest urban centers on the continent, with Moscow being the most populous. This centralization of power has led to a very heterogenous distribution of population density. The Paris region has a density of more than 1000 inhabitants per km², which is ten times higher than the Haut-de-France region, the second densest region in Metropolitan France.This centralization of power attracts a strong French and foreign workforce. The French capital is by far the most populated city in France. If solely the municipality of Paris is taken into account, it had more than 2 million inhabitants in 2019, which is more than twice as many as in Marseille and four times as many as in Lyon, the country's second and third most populous cities. Future challenges for French cities Access to employment is no longer the only reason to settle in a town. Other factors come into play in the life choices of city dwellers. In 2019, more than 90% of the French estimated that the presence of green areas was important to settle or not in a district. The pollution level of the city was also considered in the choice of the city. In order to address these pollution problems, municipalities must resolve transportation issues on their own territory. Previously the king of the town, the car is increasingly losing ground to public transport in urban areas. Cities like Paris are relying more on public transport. Between 2011 and 2016, RATP and SNCF have built more than 60 kilometers of tramway tracks . Moreover, the construction of additional train and metro lines in the Grand Paris project aimed at better connecting the suburbs to each other without passing through intramural Paris.Making it easier to travel by bicycle is one of the options chosen by many conurbations to relieve congestion in their cities. Since the early 2000s, self-service bicycles have been a great success in France with more than 2400 bicycles available in Toulouse or 4000 in Lyon in 2017. A source of much tension between motorists, municipalities and cyclists, the sharing of the road between 4 and 2 wheelers has, however, been widely developed. In Strasbourg, for example, the municipality had around 1.04 metres of cycle lanes per inhabitant in 2017, the highest rate in France. However, the layout of cycle paths can be perilous and a majority of cyclists in France still feel unsafe on the road.

In 2024, Russia had the largest population among European countries at ***** million people. The next largest countries in terms of their population size were Turkey at **** million, Germany at **** million, the United Kingdom at **** million, and France at **** million. Europe is also home to some of the world’s smallest countries, such as the microstates of Liechtenstein and San Marino, with populations of ****** and ****** respectively. Europe’s largest economies Germany was Europe’s largest economy in 2023, with a Gross Domestic Product of around *** trillion Euros, while the UK and France are the second and third largest economies, at *** trillion and *** trillion euros respectively. Prior to the mid-2000s, Europe’s fourth-largest economy, Italy, had an economy that was of a similar sized to France and the UK, before diverging growth patterns saw the UK and France become far larger economies than Italy. Moscow and Istanbul the megacities of Europe Two cities on the eastern borders of Europe were Europe’s largest in 2023. The Turkish city of Istanbul, with a population of 15.8 million, and the Russian capital, Moscow, with a population of 12.7 million. Istanbul is arguably the world’s most famous transcontinental city with territory in both Europe and Asia and has been an important center for commerce and culture for over 2,000 years. Paris was the third largest European city with a population of ** million, with London being the fourth largest at *** million.

Population: Urban: CF: Moscow Region data was reported at 6,825,748.000 Person in 2024. This records an increase from the previous number of 6,746,477.000 Person for 2023. Population: Urban: CF: Moscow Region data is updated yearly, averaging 5,504,896.500 Person from Dec 1989 (Median) to 2024, with 36 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 6,825,748.000 Person in 2024 and a record low of 5,244,674.000 Person in 2002. Population: Urban: CF: Moscow Region data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal State Statistics Service. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Russian Federation – Table RU.GA011: Population: Urban: by Region.

CONTENT

• It is perhaps unsurprising that the majority of the most populous cities in the world are in the two most populated countries in the world, China and India. Among these are Shanghai and Beijing, with populations of 25 and 22 million respectively, Delhi (27 million), and Mumbai (over 21.5 million).

• Tokyo is the largest city in the world if the entire Tokyo metro area is included, with a total of more than 38 million residents. Another Japanese city, Osaka, also has a very large population of almost 20.5 million. There are also a number of non-Asian cities with high populations, including Mexico City (over 21 million), Cairo (almost 19.5 million), and Buenos Aires (almost 15.5 million).

• European cities, Istanbul is the most populous, with more than 14.5 million residents. This is followed by Moscow (over 12 million) and Paris (11 million including the Paris metro area). These cities are of course also culturally significant and between them welcome millions of tourists each year.

• There are quite a number of popular and culturally rich cities that have smaller populations, often making for higher living standards for their residents. Barcelona, Sydney, Berlin and Vancouver all have fewer than five million residents, but are very popular choices for city living. There are also some comparatively very small cities with big cultural, historical or political reputations, such as Sarajevo (314,000), Edinburgh (502,000), and Venice (631,000), demonstrating that small cities can be highly significant regardless of the size of their population.

Population: CF: Moscow Region: Zhukovskiy data was reported at 107.600 Person th in 2019. This records a decrease from the previous number of 107.900 Person th for 2018. Population: CF: Moscow Region: Zhukovskiy data is updated yearly, averaging 105.500 Person th from Dec 2002 (Median) to 2019, with 18 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 109.000 Person th in 2016 and a record low of 101.100 Person th in 2003. Population: CF: Moscow Region: Zhukovskiy data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal State Statistics Service. The data is categorized under Russia Premium Database’s Demographic and Labour Market – Table RU.GA016: Population: by City: Central Federal District.

This statistic illustrates the number of billionaires in leading cities in the EMEA (Europe, the Middle East and Asia) region as of 2016. It can be seen that the number of billionaires in Moscow stood at a total of **, making Moscow the city in the EMEA region with the most billionaires at that time. Although this is the case London was not far behind, ranking second with a total of ** billionaires as of 2016.

Population: CF: Moscow City data was reported at 12,678.100 Person th in 2019. This records an increase from the previous number of 12,615.300 Person th for 2018. Population: CF: Moscow City data is updated yearly, averaging 10,433.900 Person th from Dec 1992 (Median) to 2019, with 28 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 12,678.100 Person th in 2019 and a record low of 8,537.200 Person th in 1999. Population: CF: Moscow City data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal State Statistics Service. The data is categorized under Russia Premium Database’s Demographic and Labour Market – Table RU.GA016: Population: by City: Central Federal District.

Population: CF: Moscow Region: Odintsovo data was reported at 135.500 Person th in 2019. This records a decrease from the previous number of 137.500 Person th for 2018. Population: CF: Moscow Region: Odintsovo data is updated yearly, averaging 134.800 Person th from Dec 1999 (Median) to 2019, with 21 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 141.500 Person th in 2016 and a record low of 109.600 Person th in 2009. Population: CF: Moscow Region: Odintsovo data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal State Statistics Service. The data is categorized under Russia Premium Database’s Demographic and Labour Market – Table RU.GA016: Population: by City: Central Federal District.