As of 2024, the population of Israel reached about *** million permanent residents in total. About *** million were registered as Jews or other non-Arab populations. Furthermore, some *** million Arabs lived in the country.

The estimated population of the Gaza Strip for 2023 was around 2.1 million people. The Palestinian population of Gaza is relatively young when compared globally. More than half of Gazans are 19 years or younger. This is due to the comparably high fertility rate in the Gaza Strip of *** children per woman as of 2022.

Jews were the dominant religious group in the Israel-Palestine region at the beginning of the first millennia CE, and are the dominant religious group there today, however, there was a period of almost 2,000 years where most of the world's Jews were displaced from their spiritual homeland. Antiquity to the 20th century Jewish hegemony in the region began changing after a series of revolts against Roman rule led to mass expulsions and emigration. Roman control saw severe persecution of Jewish and Christian populations, but this changed when the Byzantine Empire adopted Christianity as its official religion in the 4th century. Christianity then dominated until the 7th century, when the Rashidun Caliphate (the first to succeed Muhammad) took control of the Levant. Control of region split between Christians and Muslims intermittently between the 11th and 13th centuries during the Crusades, although the population remained overwhelmingly Muslim. Zionism until today Through the Paris Peace Conference, the British took control of Palestine in 1920. The Jewish population began growing through the Zionist Movement after the 1880s, which sought to establish a Jewish state in Palestine. Rising anti-Semitism in Europe accelerated this in the interwar period, and in the aftermath of the Holocaust, many European Jews chose to leave the continent. The United Nations tried facilitating the foundation of separate Jewish and Arab states, yet neither side was willing to concede territory, leading to a civil war and a joint invasion from seven Arab states. Yet the Jews maintained control of their territory and took large parts of the proposed Arab territory, forming the Jewish-majority state of Israel in 1948, and acheiving a ceasefire the following year. Over 750,000 Palestinians were displaced as a result of this conflict, while most Jews from the Arab eventually fled to Israel. Since this time, Israel has become one of the richest and advanced countries in the world, however, Palestine has been under Israeli military occupation since the 1960s and there are large disparities in living standards between the two regions.

The total population of Israel amounted to approximately 9.97 million people in 2024. Following a continuous upward trend, the total population has risen by around 6.05 million people since 1980. Between 2024 and 2030, the total population will rise by around 800 thousand people, continuing its consistent upward trajectory.This indicator describes the total population in the country at hand. This total population of the country consists of all persons falling within the scope of the census.

As of January 14, 2025, the UN estimated that around 1.9 million refugees are currently sheltered in school buildings operated by the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA). Around ** percent of Gaza's total population has been displaced due to the ongoing conflict. This was caused by attacks of radical Islamic Hamas' attacks on Israeli territory and the consequent counterstrikes of the Israeli military. Hamas attacks on Israel on October 7, 2023 The radical Islamic Palestinian terror organization Hamas attacked Israel in the early hours of October 7, 2023, on Sabbath - the Jewish day of rest. This strategic attack from Gaza was directed towards Israeli civilians and armed forces. An estimated ***** rockets were fired by Hamas from Gaza toward Israeli targets, hitting civilian buildings and military facilities. Hamas fighters entered the Israeli territory, killing around ***** of Israeli citizens. In the weeks that followed, the Israeli military conducted an aerial bombardment and launched a ground offensive in Gaza. Humanitarian pauses allowed aid to get into Gaza, but fighting has continued since a weeklong cease-fire ended on December 1, 2023. The attacks resulted in a massive escalation of the Middle Eastern conflict, which pushed a political solution further away. The number of civilian casualties in Gaza and Israel is rising each day the conflict continues. Humanitarian situation in Gaza Following Hamas' attacks on Israel, the Israeli military responded with airstrikes against positions of Hamas in the Gaza Strip and cut the region's supply. The Israeli military warned parts of Gaza about their air strikes and urged the population to leave their houses and seek refuge in the centers. Israel isolated the Gaza Strip from the outside world and stopped the supply of electricity, food, and fuel. On October 13, 2023, Israel prompted the Palestinian population of Gaza to vacate the region of northern Gaza. Around one million of the **** million Gazans dwelled in northern Gaza in high density. About half of the Gazan population is underaged. Since the terrorist organization Hamas launched its attacks on Israeli soil on October 7, 2023, around ***** Israelis have died, and ***** have been injured. Through retaliation attacks by the Israeli armed forces against Hamas in Gaza, over 47 thousand Palestinians have died, and around 99 thousand have been injured. There were ***** confirmed Palestinians killed in the Westbank through the ongoing conflict. Hamas's attack on Israel was the deadliest so far.

On the eve of October 7, 2023, approximately 165,000 Palestinian workers from the West Bank and Gaza worked in Israel. Following the outbreak of the Israel-Hamas war, the number of Palestinians permitted to work in Israeli towns was sharply reduced to just 15,000. Over recent decades, the Israeli and Palestinian economies have grown interdependent, particularly in the construction and agricultural sectors.

In 2024, nearly ** percent of the Arab population in Israel lived in a home that they owned themselves. Just over ** percent of this segment of the Israeli population lived in rented housing. There were no records of older members of this segment of society living in assisted living facilities.

Since the terrorist organization Hamas launched its attacks on Israeli soil on October 7, 2023, around 1,200 Israelis died, and 5,431 were injured. Through retaliation attacks by the Israeli armed forces against Hamas in Gaza, 56,156 Palestinians were killed, and 132.239 were injured. As of January 2025, the number of Palestinian deaths in the West Bank was 924, due to the on going conflict. Information on the data situation Data on the number of fatalities and injuries are based on the UNOCHA (United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs) reporting by both parties to the conflict. The respective data sources were named for the purpose of transparency. It must be stated that in the case of wars and other conflicts, objective data collection is almost impossible, and reports are based on estimates. At the same time, it needs to be noted that some parties to the conflict may use numbers and data selectively for their own agenda. Hamas attacks on Israel on October 7th, 2023 Before October 2023, there had been four wars between Israel and Hamas. The current conflict is already the deadliest, and the death toll is certain to rise. The new escalation of violence in the Middle East started after the militant Palestinian group Hamas attacked Israel in the early hours of October 7, 2023. An estimated 2,200 rockets were fired by Hamas from Gaza toward Israeli targets, hitting civilian buildings and military facilities. Hamas fighters entered the Israeli territory, killing around 1,200 of Israeli citizens. In the weeks that followed, the Israeli military conducted an aerial bombardment and launched a ground offensive in Gaza. Humanitarian pauses allowed aid to get into Gaza, but fighting has continued since a weeklong cease-fire ended on December 1, 2023. Operation Iron Swords and the humanitarian situation of Gaza Initially, Israel reacted to the Hamas attacks with further isolation of the Gaza Strip, cutting off the supply of electricity, fuel, and drinking water. As of November 6, 2023, water supply to parts of the Gaza Strip has been resumed. The Israeli Defense Forces (IDF) summoned the Palestinians to evacuate the northern part of the Gaza Strip towards the south of Gaza in the direction of the Egyptian border. This affects around 1.93 million people out of the 2.06 million inhabitants of Gaza. According to the UN, over one million people are internally displaced inside the Gaza Strip. Some trucks with relief supplies could infrequently enter the territory via the Rafah border from Egypt. This Israeli military operation is one of the longest-lasting in Gaza, and over 6,000 bombs were already dropped by the IDF.

Israel's total fertility rate has remained relatively stable over the past decade, with a slight decrease to **** births per woman in 2023. This high fertility rate, coupled with an increasing life expectancy, contributes to Israel's unique demographic situation among developed nations. The country's population growth is expected to continue, driven by these factors and a birth rate that outpaces the death rate. Diverse population and immigration impact Israel's demographic landscape is shaped by its diverse population and history of immigration. As of the end of 2024, the number of permanent residents in the country reached some *** million. Of them, some ** percent were Jews and ** percent Arabs. In the decade following the fall of the Soviet Union, about *********** Jewish immigrants arrived in the country. This wave of immigration has contributed to the country's cultural diversity and economic high-tech boom. Economic growth and declining unemployment As Israel's population continues to expand, its economy is also projected to grow. Gross domestic product (GDP) is forecast to increase by over a quarter between 2024 and 2029. Simultaneously, the unemployment rate has fallen to its lowest level in recent years, hitting **** percent in 2023. This combination of population growth, economic expansion, and low unemployment suggests a robust economic outlook.

The world's Jewish population has had a complex and tumultuous history over the past millennia, regularly dealing with persecution, pogroms, and even genocide. The legacy of expulsion and persecution of Jews, including bans on land ownership, meant that Jewish communities disproportionately lived in urban areas, working as artisans or traders, and often lived in their own settlements separate to the rest of the urban population. This separation contributed to the impression that events such as pandemics, famines, or economic shocks did not affect Jews as much as other populations, and such factors came to form the basis of the mistrust and stereotypes of wealth (characterized as greed) that have made up anti-Semitic rhetoric for centuries. Development since the Middle Ages The concentration of Jewish populations across the world has shifted across different centuries. In the Middle Ages, the largest Jewish populations were found in Palestine and the wider Levant region, with other sizeable populations in present-day France, Italy, and Spain. Later, however, the Jewish disapora became increasingly concentrated in Eastern Europe after waves of pogroms in the west saw Jewish communities move eastward. Poland in particular was often considered a refuge for Jews from the late-Middle Ages until the 18th century, when it was then partitioned between Austria, Prussia, and Russia, and persecution increased. Push factors such as major pogroms in the Russian Empire in the 19th century and growing oppression in the west during the interwar period then saw many Jews migrate to the United States in search of opportunity.

As of July 16. 2025, over 58,500 Palestinians have been directly killed by Israel's 20-month-long invasion of Gaza. The early months of the conflict saw the largest number of fatalities, with over 30,000 deaths recorded within the first five months, and an average of approximately 1,600 deaths per month thereafter. 55,000 deaths is equal to approximately two percent of Gaza's prewar population. Additionally, there have been almost 140,000 recorded injuries. Many injuries go unreported due to limited healthcare resources and capacity. Attacks on hospitals, medical shortages, and electricity outages, and many other factors, have severely impeded the medical response to the war. Many operations are conducted without anesthetic and antibiotics, and Gaza now has the highest number of child amputees per capita in the world. The true death toll? The United Nations and many humanitarian organizations believe the Gaza Health Ministry's (GHM) figures to be a significant undercount, with thousands of Gazans still unaccounted for. The GHM also does not include deaths of those who die due to preventable causes, such as disease, malnutrition, or disruptions to healthcare services. Some estimates from the past year have been in excess of 100,000 deaths. Trustworthiness of the Gaza Health Ministry's figures These figures come from the Gaza Health Ministry. There were some claims this source was untrustworthy in the war's early stages, especially following comments made by President Joe Biden; however, both the U.S. and Israeli intelligence services have since deemed these figures to be generally reliable. Nonetheless, the U.S. House of Representatives controversially passed an amendment in mid-2024 that would prevent the U.S. government from citing the GHM's figures.

The average life expectancy of Jewish women in Israel in 2022 was **** years, the highest among all groups. This was followed by Muslim women with a life expectancy of **** years, and Jewish men at **** years of age. Muslim men had the lowest life expectancy of 77 years. Over the period observed, the life expectancy of both Jewish and Muslim populations increased, with women consistently living longer their male counterparts.

Die Gesamtbevölkerung in Palästina hat im Jahr 2023 geschätzt rund 5,4 Millionen Einwohner:innen betragen. Für das Jahr 2024 wird die Gesamtbevölkerung in Palästina auf rund 5,5 Millionen Einwohner:innen prognostiziert.Verglichen mit der frühesten hier dargestellten Aufzeichnung aus dem Jahr 1950 ist dies ein gesamtheitlicher Anstieg um geschätzt rund 4,6 Millionen Einwohner:innen. Der Werteverlauf von 1950 bis 2024 zeigt jedoch dass dieser Anstieg nicht kontinuierlich geschah.Laut Prognosen soll die Gesamtbevölkerung bis 2050 kontinuierlich steigen und im Jahr 2050 geschätzt rund 8,4 Millionen Einwohner:innen betragen, was einen gesamtheitlichen Anstieg um geschätzt rund 2,9 Millionen Einwohner:innen seit 2024 bedeuten würde.Hier können Sie weitere Einblicke bezüglich der Gesamtbevölkerung in Guatemala und Nepal finden.Die Statistik zeigt die Gesamtbevölkerung in Palästina von 1950 bis 2023 und Prognosen bis zum Jahr 2050.

Natürliche Bevölkerungsentwicklung oder Migration?

Grundsätzlich kann bei der Bevölkerungsentwicklung zwischen dem natürlichen Bevölkerungswachstum und der Zuwachsrate (allgemeines Bevölkerungswachstum) unterschieden werden:

natürliches Bevölkerungswachstum

Das natürliche Bevölkerungswachstum ergibt sich aus der Verrechnung von Geburten und Todesfällen.

Zuwachsrate

Bei der Zuwachsrate wird das natürliche Bevölkerungswachstum mit dem Migrationssaldo, also dem Saldo aus Immigration (Einwanderung) und Emigration (Auswanderung) verrechnet.

Zusammenhang

Industrieländer benötigen im Allgemeinen eine Geburtenrate (Fertilitätsrate) von durchschnittlich 2,1 Kindern je Frau, um den Bestand der Population konstant zu halten (Bestandserhaltungsniveau). Für ein positives Bevölkerungswachstum wird dementsprechend eine höhere Geburtenrate oder ein positiver Migrationssaldo benötigt.

Ce graphique représente le nombre de Palestiniens et d'Israéliens qui ont été tués entre 2008 et 2022 dans le territoire palestinien occupé (TPO) et en Israël dans le contexte du conflit israélo-palestinien. En raison du manque d'informations vérifiées sur les attaques du 7 octobre 2023, la source a choisi de ne pas préciser les chiffres concernant les conflits depuis octobre 2023 en attendant une vérification indépendante plus sûre. Pour des chiffres concernant les années 2023 et 2024, nous vous invitons à consulter la statistique suivante sur la guerre Israël / Hamas. La violence avait atteint un niveau particulièrement élevé en 2014 lorsqu'Israël a mené l'opération "Bordure protectrice" à Gaza, en réponse à l'enlèvement et au meurtre de trois adolescents. L'opération militaire avait duré sept semaines et fait plus de 2.300 morts, dont presque que des Gazaouis. Retour sur les conflits entre l'armée israélienne et le Hamas depuis 2008 Depuis 2007, date à laquelle le Hamas, considéré comme une organisation terroriste par l'Union Européenne, a pris le pouvoir de Gaza (territoire palestinien), les conflits se multiplient sur ce territoire entre le Hamas et l'armée israélienne. On comptait trois guerres en 2008-2009, 2012 et 2014 jusqu’aux événements d’octobre 2023. En 2021, le conflit reprend de son intensité : avec 350 morts côté palestinien, le niveau de violence n'avait jamais été aussi élevé depuis 2014. Les tensions ont redoublé d'intensité à la suite de l'ordre d'expulsion des familles palestiniennes qui vivaient dans les quartiers de Jérusalem, lancé par Israël en mai 2021 alors qu'elle avait annexé cette partie du territoire. En juin 2021, un cessez-le-feu avait été établi, mais les conflits se sont poursuivis. Après plusieurs années, le conflit est remonté fortement en intensité en 2023 lors des attaques perpétrées aux abords de la bande de Gaza et fait craindre une guerre de grande ampleur dans la région et de très nombreuses victimes des deux côtés. Pourquoi y a-t-il plus de morts côté palestinien que côté israélien depuis 2008 ? Un des éléments de réponse repose sur le système de "dôme de fer" élaboré par Israël afin d'intercepter toutes les roquettes lancées par le Hamas depuis Gaza vers les territoires israéliens, les empêchant ainsi d'exploser au sol. Cependant, cette stratégie a montré d’importantes failles lors de l’incursion du Hamas le samedi 7 octobre 2023, lorsque les forces armées du groupe terroriste ont perpétré plusieurs crimes contre l’Humanité sur les populations des villes de Sdérot et Ashkelon. Le dispositif du dôme de fer était pourtant annoncé comme infaillible et était très coûteux : pour chaque roquette interceptée, Israël devait débourser 50.000 euros. Israël bénéficie de l'aide financière des États-Unis pour financer et développer son armée, lui conférant une très nette avance militaire sur le Hamas. Gaza est un territoire très densément peuplé et fortement enclavé par un blocus strict organisé par Israël et l'Égypte.