Throughout the Cold War, the United States and the Soviet Union had relatively similar total populations. The U.S.' population grew from around 205 million to almost 250 million people between 1970 and 1990, while the USSR's population grew from around 240 to 290 million in this time. In these years, the Soviet Union had the third largest population in the world, and the U.S. had the fourth largest (behind China and India respectively). Despite their similar sizes, these populations differed in terms of distribution as the U.S.' population was approximately three quarters urban in this period, whereas the Soviet Union's urban population was just 56 percent in 1970 and 66 percent in 1989. Additionally, the Soviet Union's population was much younger than that of the U.S. due to a higher birth rate and lower life expectancy.

Throughout the history of the Soviet Union, Russians were consistently the largest ethnic group in the USSR. Of a total population of 262 million people in 1979, the share who were Russian was over 137 million, which is equal to roughly 52 percent. In 1989, the total population of the Soviet Union was almost 286 million, with the ethnic Russian population at 145 million, or 51 percent. Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, the Tatars were the only of the ten largest ethnic groups not to be given their own independent country, with Tatarstan instead becoming one of Russia's federal republics.

Due to the devastating impact of the Second World War on the Soviet population, the total population in 1950 was almost 15.5 million fewer than in 1940, which is a decrease of eight percent. In Russia (RSFSR), the largest of the Soviet states, the population difference was almost nine million people; also eight percent. It would take until 1955 for the populations of either the USSR or Russia to reach their pre-war levels, which was a decade after the conflict had ended. Urbanization Despite this drop in total population, industrialization and urbanization saw a significant change in the USSR's population distribution between the given years. The Soviet urban population increased by 6.3 million, or ten percent, between 1940 and 1950; 5.8 million of this was in Russia, which was a 15 percent increase. In contrast, the Soviet Union's rural population dropped by 21.8 million (a 17 percent change), 14.5 million of which in Russia (a decrease of 20 percent). In terms of overall population, the urban population of the USSR rose from 33 to 39 percent between 1940 and 1950, and from 34 to 43 percent in Russia. By 1955, 44 percent of the Soviet population, and 49 percent of the Russian population, lived in an urban setting.

Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner. Using representative surveys of the entire population, this research project analysed the similarities and differences between Soviet and Russian household behaviour in the informal economy during 1996-1999. The research was based primarily on unpublished archive material - Soviet family budget surveys - for the Soviet period, and regular Russian household/ adult surveys for the post-Soviet period. In particular, the project estimated and compared the size, dynamics and determinants of household behaviour in the informal economy in the two periods, and also assessed the impact of household informal economy activities on the Soviet or current Russian economy. The continuous Soviet annual family budget survey (FBS), covering the entire population of the USSR was conducted from the early 1950s onwards under the auspices of the Soviet Central Statistical Administration. Comprehensive and detailed summary results of annual data from the family budget surveys of Soviet households aggregated by types of heads of households such as workers and state employees and collective farm workers are kept in three Russian archives. This dataset was created using some of the results from the FBS. Main Topics: Data are aggregated by types of heads of households (or social classes in Russian terminology), and include 35 income variables, 62 expenditure-related variables and nine savings-related variables. Each variable on the income side shows the sources of income (the state, collective farms, and other people) and each variable on the expenditure side shows to whom payment was made (the state sector, collective farms, or other people). In total, eight data files have been created: Russian workers and state employees' families (1969-1990), Russian collective farm ('kolkhoz') workers' families (1969-1990), Russian pure pensioners' families who retired from jobs relating to workers and state employees (1977-1990), Russian pure pensioners' families who retired from jobs relating to collective farms (1977-1990), Russian state farms ('sovkhoz') workers' families (1977-1990), Average family in the Soviet Union as a whole (1979-1990), Soviet workers and state employees' families (1969-1990), Soviet collective farm workers' families (1969-1990).

Latvia LV: International Migrant Stock: % of Population data was reported at 13.353 % in 2015. This records a decrease from the previous number of 15.010 % for 2010. Latvia LV: International Migrant Stock: % of Population data is updated yearly, averaging 17.526 % from Dec 1990 (Median) to 2015, with 6 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 24.250 % in 1990 and a record low of 13.353 % in 2015. Latvia LV: International Migrant Stock: % of Population data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Latvia – Table LV.World Bank.WDI: Population and Urbanization Statistics. International migrant stock is the number of people born in a country other than that in which they live. It also includes refugees. The data used to estimate the international migrant stock at a particular time are obtained mainly from population censuses. The estimates are derived from the data on foreign-born population--people who have residence in one country but were born in another country. When data on the foreign-born population are not available, data on foreign population--that is, people who are citizens of a country other than the country in which they reside--are used as estimates. After the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991 people living in one of the newly independent countries who were born in another were classified as international migrants. Estimates of migrant stock in the newly independent states from 1990 on are based on the 1989 census of the Soviet Union. For countries with information on the international migrant stock for at least two points in time, interpolation or extrapolation was used to estimate the international migrant stock on July 1 of the reference years. For countries with only one observation, estimates for the reference years were derived using rates of change in the migrant stock in the years preceding or following the single observation available. A model was used to estimate migrants for countries that had no data.; ; United Nations Population Division, Trends in Total Migrant Stock: 2008 Revision.; Weighted average;

The Country-Level Population and Downscaled Projections Based on Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES) A1, B1, and A2 Scenarios, 1990-2100, were adopted in 2000 from population projections realized at the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) in 1996. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) SRES A1 and B1 scenarios both used the same IIASA "rapid" fertility transition projection, which assumes low fertility and low mortality rates. The SRES A2 scenario used a corresponding IIASA "slow" fertility transition projection (high fertility and high mortality rates). Both IIASA low and high projections are performed for 13 world regions including North Africa, Sub-Saharan Africa, China and Centrally Planned Asia, Pacific Asia, Pacific OECD, Central Asia, Middle East, South Asia, Eastern Europe, European part of the former Soviet Union, Western Europe, Latin America, and North America. This data set is produced and distributed by the Columbia University Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN).

This data set is a 1:2.5 million scale forest cover map for the land area of the Former Soviet Union that was completed in 1990 (Garsia 1990). There are forty-five classes distinguished in this data set, of which 38 are forest cover classes. The purpose of this map was to create a generalized and up-to-date map of forest cover for the USSR. This map should not be viewed as a detailed forest cover map but more like an economic forestry map. The most important tree species of a region are highlighted rather than the dominant trees species or tree cover. Very few tree species are defined. In many cases, of course, the dominant and the most important trees species are the same.

International migrant stock is the number of people born in a country other than that in which they live. It also includes refugees. The data used to estimate the international migrant stock at a particular time are obtained mainly from population censuses. The estimates are derived from the data on foreign-born population--people who have residence in one country but were born in another country. When data on the foreign-born population are not available, data on foreign population--that is, people who are citizens of a country other than the country in which they reside--are used as estimates. After the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991 people living in one of the newly independent countries who were born in another were classified as international migrants. Estimates of migrant stock in the newly independent states from 1990 on are based on the 1989 census of the Soviet Union. For countries with information on the international migrant stock for at least two points in time, interpolation or extrapolation was used to estimate the international migrant stock on July 1 of the reference years. For countries with only one observation, estimates for the reference years were derived using rates of change in the migrant stock in the years preceding or following the single observation available. A model was used to estimate migrants for countries that had no data.

This release of Data of population in major Ukrainian cities presents year, city, and population data of named Ukrainain cities between 1950-2023. Ukraine has a rich history and here are some interesting times to look at the data.

1986: Chernobyl Disaster 1990: Ukraine Declares Sovereignty 1991: Ukraine Leaves Soviet Union 2004-2005: Orange Revolution (after a rigged presidential election) 2014: Crimean Crisis 2022 - present: Russian-Ukrainian war (some say it started all the way back in 2014)

I am a Ukrainian myself and would love more people to know of our rich history!

Glory to Ukraine :)

Norway NO: International Migrant Stock: % of Population data was reported at 14.236 % in 2015. This records an increase from the previous number of 10.770 % for 2010. Norway NO: International Migrant Stock: % of Population data is updated yearly, averaging 7.160 % from Dec 1990 (Median) to 2015, with 6 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 14.236 % in 2015 and a record low of 4.542 % in 1990. Norway NO: International Migrant Stock: % of Population data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Norway – Table NO.World Bank.WDI: Population and Urbanization Statistics. International migrant stock is the number of people born in a country other than that in which they live. It also includes refugees. The data used to estimate the international migrant stock at a particular time are obtained mainly from population censuses. The estimates are derived from the data on foreign-born population--people who have residence in one country but were born in another country. When data on the foreign-born population are not available, data on foreign population--that is, people who are citizens of a country other than the country in which they reside--are used as estimates. After the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991 people living in one of the newly independent countries who were born in another were classified as international migrants. Estimates of migrant stock in the newly independent states from 1990 on are based on the 1989 census of the Soviet Union. For countries with information on the international migrant stock for at least two points in time, interpolation or extrapolation was used to estimate the international migrant stock on July 1 of the reference years. For countries with only one observation, estimates for the reference years were derived using rates of change in the migrant stock in the years preceding or following the single observation available. A model was used to estimate migrants for countries that had no data.; ; United Nations Population Division, Trends in Total Migrant Stock: 2008 Revision.; Weighted average;

Panama PA: International Migrant Stock: % of Population data was reported at 4.701 % in 2015. This records an increase from the previous number of 4.345 % for 2010. Panama PA: International Migrant Stock: % of Population data is updated yearly, averaging 3.148 % from Dec 1990 (Median) to 2015, with 6 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 4.701 % in 2015 and a record low of 2.539 % in 1990. Panama PA: International Migrant Stock: % of Population data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Panama – Table PA.World Bank: Population and Urbanization Statistics. International migrant stock is the number of people born in a country other than that in which they live. It also includes refugees. The data used to estimate the international migrant stock at a particular time are obtained mainly from population censuses. The estimates are derived from the data on foreign-born population--people who have residence in one country but were born in another country. When data on the foreign-born population are not available, data on foreign population--that is, people who are citizens of a country other than the country in which they reside--are used as estimates. After the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991 people living in one of the newly independent countries who were born in another were classified as international migrants. Estimates of migrant stock in the newly independent states from 1990 on are based on the 1989 census of the Soviet Union. For countries with information on the international migrant stock for at least two points in time, interpolation or extrapolation was used to estimate the international migrant stock on July 1 of the reference years. For countries with only one observation, estimates for the reference years were derived using rates of change in the migrant stock in the years preceding or following the single observation available. A model was used to estimate migrants for countries that had no data.; ; United Nations Population Division, Trends in Total Migrant Stock: 2008 Revision.; Weighted average;

Iceland IS: International Migrant Stock: % of Population data was reported at 11.390 % in 2015. This records an increase from the previous number of 11.033 % for 2010. Iceland IS: International Migrant Stock: % of Population data is updated yearly, averaging 7.121 % from Dec 1990 (Median) to 2015, with 6 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 11.390 % in 2015 and a record low of 3.761 % in 1990. Iceland IS: International Migrant Stock: % of Population data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Iceland – Table IS.World Bank.WDI: Population and Urbanization Statistics. International migrant stock is the number of people born in a country other than that in which they live. It also includes refugees. The data used to estimate the international migrant stock at a particular time are obtained mainly from population censuses. The estimates are derived from the data on foreign-born population--people who have residence in one country but were born in another country. When data on the foreign-born population are not available, data on foreign population--that is, people who are citizens of a country other than the country in which they reside--are used as estimates. After the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991 people living in one of the newly independent countries who were born in another were classified as international migrants. Estimates of migrant stock in the newly independent states from 1990 on are based on the 1989 census of the Soviet Union. For countries with information on the international migrant stock for at least two points in time, interpolation or extrapolation was used to estimate the international migrant stock on July 1 of the reference years. For countries with only one observation, estimates for the reference years were derived using rates of change in the migrant stock in the years preceding or following the single observation available. A model was used to estimate migrants for countries that had no data.; ; United Nations Population Division, Trends in Total Migrant Stock: 2008 Revision.; Weighted average;

The purpose of the study: to find out the opinion of the Lithuanian population on the socially relevant issues during the rapid political, social and economic transformation of the country. Major investigated questions: respondents were asked whether they support the Lithuanian Government resolution to combat speculation and the taking of goods and whether there will be more goods in shops after this resolution comes into force. Respondents were asked if they agreed with the USSR occupying and annexing the Baltic States in 1940 and forcibly integrating them into the USSR. The events no longer matter today; the status of the Baltic republics stabilized after World War II. The Lithuanian people who participated in the survey were asked whether the leadership of USSR was interested in negotiations with Lithuania on the recognition of the republic's economic and political independence. The next question was whether Mr. Gorbachev and Mr. Yeltsin could be trusted as politicians. It was asked whether a military coup would take place in the USSR, whether the USSR leadership could avert the imminent collapse of the state for another 5 years, and whether the USSR would succeed in overcoming the economic crisis in the next 10 years. It was asked whether the USSR would be likely to use presidential power to force Lithuania to join the USSR and whether the Baltic states should demand compensation from the Soviet Union for the economic and moral damage of the last 50 years. After providing a list of states and famous foreign politicians, the respondents were asked to answer to what extent the listed states and politicians support the independence aspirations of the Baltic states. Furthermore, it was tried to find out whether it is very important for the Baltic states to cooperate for achieving independence and whether the respondents are satisfied with the current cooperation between the Baltic states in the economic and political fields. Opinions were sought on the outcome of the Second Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe to be held in Paris (the so-called Helsinki Conference II). It was asked what kind of Western support the Baltic countries would need and how the respondents envision Lithuania's relations with the USSR in the future. Further, opinions were explored on how the activities of the Supreme Council and the government relate to the interests of the Lithuanian people. Respondents assessed the activities of various Lithuanian political forces and movements and answered the question to what extent interethnic clashes are likely in Lithuania. The survey also clarified what armies would be needed for an independent Lithuania and asked about the reasons why Lithuania should (not) have its own army. After a list of languages, respondents were asked to answer whether they knew each of the languages well. They were also asked what religious holidays they celebrate. Respondents were further asked if they were afraid to walk on the streets at night, where they lived, and if they had lived in Lithuania for a long time. They were asked if they shared the view that shops should be privatized (sold to traders themselves or to other people). At the end of the survey they wanted to know if the respondents had ever been abroad (excluding the USSR). Socio-demographic characteristics: gender, age, education, social status, nationality, mother tongue, place of residence.

United States US: International Migrant Stock: % of Population data was reported at 14.491 % in 2015. This records an increase from the previous number of 14.258 % for 2010. United States US: International Migrant Stock: % of Population data is updated yearly, averaging 12.782 % from Dec 1990 (Median) to 2015, with 6 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 14.491 % in 2015 and a record low of 9.196 % in 1990. United States US: International Migrant Stock: % of Population data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.World Bank.WDI: Population and Urbanization Statistics. International migrant stock is the number of people born in a country other than that in which they live. It also includes refugees. The data used to estimate the international migrant stock at a particular time are obtained mainly from population censuses. The estimates are derived from the data on foreign-born population--people who have residence in one country but were born in another country. When data on the foreign-born population are not available, data on foreign population--that is, people who are citizens of a country other than the country in which they reside--are used as estimates. After the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991 people living in one of the newly independent countries who were born in another were classified as international migrants. Estimates of migrant stock in the newly independent states from 1990 on are based on the 1989 census of the Soviet Union. For countries with information on the international migrant stock for at least two points in time, interpolation or extrapolation was used to estimate the international migrant stock on July 1 of the reference years. For countries with only one observation, estimates for the reference years were derived using rates of change in the migrant stock in the years preceding or following the single observation available. A model was used to estimate migrants for countries that had no data.; ; United Nations Population Division, Trends in Total Migrant Stock: 2008 Revision.; Weighted average;

EG: International Migrant Stock: % of Population data was reported at 0.537 % in 2015. This records an increase from the previous number of 0.360 % for 2010. EG: International Migrant Stock: % of Population data is updated yearly, averaging 0.334 % from Dec 1990 (Median) to 2015, with 6 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.537 % in 2015 and a record low of 0.254 % in 2000. EG: International Migrant Stock: % of Population data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Egypt – Table EG.World Bank.WDI: Population and Urbanization Statistics. International migrant stock is the number of people born in a country other than that in which they live. It also includes refugees. The data used to estimate the international migrant stock at a particular time are obtained mainly from population censuses. The estimates are derived from the data on foreign-born population--people who have residence in one country but were born in another country. When data on the foreign-born population are not available, data on foreign population--that is, people who are citizens of a country other than the country in which they reside--are used as estimates. After the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991 people living in one of the newly independent countries who were born in another were classified as international migrants. Estimates of migrant stock in the newly independent states from 1990 on are based on the 1989 census of the Soviet Union. For countries with information on the international migrant stock for at least two points in time, interpolation or extrapolation was used to estimate the international migrant stock on July 1 of the reference years. For countries with only one observation, estimates for the reference years were derived using rates of change in the migrant stock in the years preceding or following the single observation available. A model was used to estimate migrants for countries that had no data.; ; United Nations Population Division, Trends in Total Migrant Stock: 2008 Revision.; Weighted average;

Hong Kong HK: International Migrant Stock: % of Population data was reported at 38.950 % in 2015. This records a decrease from the previous number of 39.750 % for 2010. Hong Kong HK: International Migrant Stock: % of Population data is updated yearly, averaging 39.549 % from Dec 1990 (Median) to 2015, with 6 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 39.772 % in 1995 and a record low of 38.289 % in 1990. Hong Kong HK: International Migrant Stock: % of Population data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Hong Kong SAR – Table HK.World Bank.WDI: Population and Urbanization Statistics. International migrant stock is the number of people born in a country other than that in which they live. It also includes refugees. The data used to estimate the international migrant stock at a particular time are obtained mainly from population censuses. The estimates are derived from the data on foreign-born population--people who have residence in one country but were born in another country. When data on the foreign-born population are not available, data on foreign population--that is, people who are citizens of a country other than the country in which they reside--are used as estimates. After the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991 people living in one of the newly independent countries who were born in another were classified as international migrants. Estimates of migrant stock in the newly independent states from 1990 on are based on the 1989 census of the Soviet Union. For countries with information on the international migrant stock for at least two points in time, interpolation or extrapolation was used to estimate the international migrant stock on July 1 of the reference years. For countries with only one observation, estimates for the reference years were derived using rates of change in the migrant stock in the years preceding or following the single observation available. A model was used to estimate migrants for countries that had no data.; ; United Nations Population Division, Trends in Total Migrant Stock: 2008 Revision.; Weighted average;

Sao Tome and Principe ST: International Migrant Stock: % of Population data was reported at 1.258 % in 2015. This records a decrease from the previous number of 1.580 % for 2010. Sao Tome and Principe ST: International Migrant Stock: % of Population data is updated yearly, averaging 2.712 % from Dec 1990 (Median) to 2015, with 6 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 4.915 % in 1990 and a record low of 1.258 % in 2015. Sao Tome and Principe ST: International Migrant Stock: % of Population data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Sao Tome and Principe – Table ST.World Bank: Population and Urbanization Statistics. International migrant stock is the number of people born in a country other than that in which they live. It also includes refugees. The data used to estimate the international migrant stock at a particular time are obtained mainly from population censuses. The estimates are derived from the data on foreign-born population--people who have residence in one country but were born in another country. When data on the foreign-born population are not available, data on foreign population--that is, people who are citizens of a country other than the country in which they reside--are used as estimates. After the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991 people living in one of the newly independent countries who were born in another were classified as international migrants. Estimates of migrant stock in the newly independent states from 1990 on are based on the 1989 census of the Soviet Union. For countries with information on the international migrant stock for at least two points in time, interpolation or extrapolation was used to estimate the international migrant stock on July 1 of the reference years. For countries with only one observation, estimates for the reference years were derived using rates of change in the migrant stock in the years preceding or following the single observation available. A model was used to estimate migrants for countries that had no data.; ; United Nations Population Division, Trends in Total Migrant Stock: 2008 Revision.; Weighted average;

In Russia, the crude birth rate in 1840 was just over 48 live births per thousand people, meaning that approximately 4.8 percent of the population had been born in that year. Throughout the nineteenth century, Russia's crude birth rate remained between 48 and 52, and fell to 43.4 in the late 1920s. From 1930 to 1945, the Soviet Union's crude birth rate dropped greatly, from 43.4 to 18.2, as a result of the Second World War (although it did increase in the late 1930s, in the early stages of the war). Russia did experience a baby boom after the war, and the birth rate did not fall to its pre-war level gain until the late 1960s. From 1970, the birth rate increased slightly to 16.2 in 1990, before the end of communism and dissolution of the Soviet Union caused the crude birth rate to fall to its lowest recorded level over the next decade, to 8.9 in 2000. Since the turn of the millennium, the crude birth rate of Russia has increased steadily, and was expected to be 12.8 in 2020.

Turkey TR: International Migrant Stock: % of Population data was reported at 3.769 % in 2015. This records an increase from the previous number of 1.891 % for 2010. Turkey TR: International Migrant Stock: % of Population data is updated yearly, averaging 2.052 % from Dec 1990 (Median) to 2015, with 6 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 3.769 % in 2015 and a record low of 1.891 % in 2010. Turkey TR: International Migrant Stock: % of Population data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Turkey – Table TR.World Bank: Population and Urbanization Statistics. International migrant stock is the number of people born in a country other than that in which they live. It also includes refugees. The data used to estimate the international migrant stock at a particular time are obtained mainly from population censuses. The estimates are derived from the data on foreign-born population--people who have residence in one country but were born in another country. When data on the foreign-born population are not available, data on foreign population--that is, people who are citizens of a country other than the country in which they reside--are used as estimates. After the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991 people living in one of the newly independent countries who were born in another were classified as international migrants. Estimates of migrant stock in the newly independent states from 1990 on are based on the 1989 census of the Soviet Union. For countries with information on the international migrant stock for at least two points in time, interpolation or extrapolation was used to estimate the international migrant stock on July 1 of the reference years. For countries with only one observation, estimates for the reference years were derived using rates of change in the migrant stock in the years preceding or following the single observation available. A model was used to estimate migrants for countries that had no data.; ; United Nations Population Division, Trends in Total Migrant Stock: 2008 Revision.; Weighted average;

Laos LA: International Migrant Stock: % of Population data was reported at 0.327 % in 2015. This records a decrease from the previous number of 0.338 % for 2010. Laos LA: International Migrant Stock: % of Population data is updated yearly, averaging 0.383 % from Dec 1990 (Median) to 2015, with 6 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.538 % in 1990 and a record low of 0.327 % in 2015. Laos LA: International Migrant Stock: % of Population data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Laos – Table LA.World Bank.WDI: Population and Urbanization Statistics. International migrant stock is the number of people born in a country other than that in which they live. It also includes refugees. The data used to estimate the international migrant stock at a particular time are obtained mainly from population censuses. The estimates are derived from the data on foreign-born population--people who have residence in one country but were born in another country. When data on the foreign-born population are not available, data on foreign population--that is, people who are citizens of a country other than the country in which they reside--are used as estimates. After the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991 people living in one of the newly independent countries who were born in another were classified as international migrants. Estimates of migrant stock in the newly independent states from 1990 on are based on the 1989 census of the Soviet Union. For countries with information on the international migrant stock for at least two points in time, interpolation or extrapolation was used to estimate the international migrant stock on July 1 of the reference years. For countries with only one observation, estimates for the reference years were derived using rates of change in the migrant stock in the years preceding or following the single observation available. A model was used to estimate migrants for countries that had no data.; ; United Nations Population Division, Trends in Total Migrant Stock: 2008 Revision.; Weighted average;