Chart and table of population level and growth rate for the Strasbourg, France metro area from 1950 to 2025.

Cycling is becoming trendier. Although the progression of bicycle use between 2019 and 2020 in France largely depended on the size of the city, the expansion was positive in all categories. For medium-sized cities, between 20,000 and 50,000 and those with more than one million inhabitants, a very sharp increase in bicycle use ranging from 17 and 31 percent was observed. This trend even increased to 33 and 57 percent, respectively, during non-containment periods.

COVID-19, a springboard for cycling? The COVID-19 epidemic has led to the implementation of social distancing measures in France and the bicycle is a means of transport that responds to these new constraints. Naturally, it is in cities where the population density is higher (such as Paris) that the most spectacular increase in bicycle use in France is taking place. Overall, it is in urban areas where cycling is making the most progress, with a 31 percent increase in 2020 (excluding the confinement period).

Aware of this new craze and of the health issues at stake, the French government has released 50 euros in 2020 for each citizen to help get his or her bicycle back into working order. This state participation is not unique to France. That same year, many European countries such as Finland raised public funds to invest in cycling.

Facilities for cycling in France The development of cycling in France requires new infrastructures to accommodate this new mass of cyclists. Even if this trend is national, investment depends on local authorities and cities. A city's policy and the choice of local elected officials will then have an influence on the implementation of infrastructure adapted to the practice. The conditions for cycling therefore vary from one French city to another. For example, the availability of bicycle paths per inhabitant in 2017 was seven times higher in Strasbourg than in Nice. Opinion polls on bicycle use also vary greatly from one city to another. Among French cities with more than 200,000 inhabitants, Strasbourg, again, was named the most bike-friendly city in France. On the contrary, cycling conditions in Marseille are very poor, according to the inhabitants who find the safety conditions for cycling, as well as the comfort and the possibilities of parking bikes to be insufficient.

Les données représentées ici, montrent l'évolution de la population en 2025 par rapport au dernier recensement de population de 2011.Les Iris rouges montre une très forte augmentation de la population, de plus de 20% par rapport à 2011. Les Iris oranges présentent une forte augmentation de la population de 10 à 20%. En jaune l'évolution est de 5 à 10% et en vert clair de 0 à 5%.A l'inverse, le bleu clair représente une faible diminution de 0 à -2%, le bleu moyen une diminution de -2 à -5%, le bleu une forte diminution de -5 à -10% et le bleu foncé caractérise la plus forte diminution au delà de -10%.Les données utilisées proviennent du produit France2025® développé par Esri France.

Demographic, clinical, spirometric and biological data of the included patient population.

Cette carte représente la proportion des plus de 65 ans. C'est à dire le rapport entre la population des plus de 65 ans et la population totale. On distingue très clairement les zones où la proportion des plus de 65 ans est la plus importante (en jaune). Les données utilisées proviennent du produit FranceIRIS® développé par Esri France.

Ce graphique présente le classement des villes ayant le plus d'habitants en France en 2021. Paris était la ville plus peuplée de France, la capitale comptait plus de deux millions de personnes, soit plus du double que Marseille, deuxième ville de France. Saint-Denis (La Réunion) était la ville la plus importante des territoires et départements d'outre-mer. Ces données ne prennent en compte que la population des communes et non les habitants des aires urbaines.