With approximately 14 million inhabitants, Tokyo Prefecture was the largest prefecture based on population size in Japan as of 2023. The smallest prefecture in this regard was Tottori Prefecture, which in the same year counted about 540,000 residents. Rural depopulation Like many industrial economies, Japan is facing the problem of depopulating rural areas. While the birth rate continues to decline, many young people decide to migrate from small towns and villages to large cities like Tokyo or Osaka for higher education and employment. The population of Tokyo Prefecture has shown substantial growth over the past decades and consists largely of working age citizens. Smaller communities are trying to counteract the depopulation process with initiatives meant to invite younger workers and tourists back. Migration to Japan Japan is often described as a very homogenous society, with a low share of foreign residents. Despite the declining birthrate and many businesses experiencing a labor shortage, companies have been hesitant to employ foreign workers, in part due to the strict immigration laws. The Japanese Government has tried to ease immigration restrictions and encourage foreigners to work in Japan. The largest share of foreign workers in Japan, however, is residing in the county with a permanent residence or as the family member of a Japanese national.

In 2023, the total population in Japan's capital Tokyo Prefecture amounted to approximately 14.1 million inhabitants. Tokyo's population rebounded after it declined for the first time post-WWII in 2021.

In 2023, approximately 9.4 million people within the age group of 15 to 64 years were counted in Tokyo Prefecture, an increase from about 8.94 million people recorded in 2020. Over 3.2 million inhabitants in the metropolis were aged 65 years and older.

In 2023, the unemployment rate of women aged 15 years and older in Tokyo Prefecture was around 2.4 percent, while that of men was about 2.6 percent. The unemployment rate of men in the prefecture declined after rising for two consecutive years in 2020 and 2021.

Chart and table of population level and growth rate for the Tokyo, Japan metro area from 1950 to 2025. United Nations population projections are also included through the year 2035.

Japan Population: Tokyo-to: Male: Over 85 Years data was reported at 146.000 Person th in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 136.000 Person th for 2016. Japan Population: Tokyo-to: Male: Over 85 Years data is updated yearly, averaging 106.000 Person th from Dec 2007 (Median) to 2017, with 11 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 146.000 Person th in 2017 and a record low of 84.000 Person th in 2007. Japan Population: Tokyo-to: Male: Over 85 Years data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Statistical Bureau. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Japan – Table JP.G003: Population: Annual: By Prefecture.

In 2020, the population of Tokyo Metropolis amounted to over 6,402 inhabitants per square kilometer. The number increased from approximately 5,517 inhabitants per square kilometer in 2000.

Japan Population: Tokyo-to: Male: 5 to 9 Years data was reported at 262.000 Person th in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 261.000 Person th for 2016. Japan Population: Tokyo-to: Male: 5 to 9 Years data is updated yearly, averaging 247.000 Person th from Dec 1996 (Median) to 2017, with 22 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 262.000 Person th in 2017 and a record low of 231.000 Person th in 1999. Japan Population: Tokyo-to: Male: 5 to 9 Years data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Statistical Bureau. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Japan – Table JP.G003: Population: Annual: By Prefecture.

Japan Population: Tokyo-to: 45 to 49 Years data was reported at 1,144.000 Person th in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 1,125.000 Person th for 2016. Japan Population: Tokyo-to: 45 to 49 Years data is updated yearly, averaging 870.000 Person th from Dec 1996 (Median) to 2017, with 22 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1,144.000 Person th in 2017 and a record low of 710.000 Person th in 2003. Japan Population: Tokyo-to: 45 to 49 Years data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Statistical Bureau. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Japan – Table JP.G003: Population: Annual: By Prefecture.

In 2023, there were close to 12.6 million people aged 15 years and older in Tokyo Prefecture, of which about 51 percent were women. The population aged 15 years and older in the prefecture decreased in 2021 for the first time in the last decade.

Japan Population: Tokyo-to: Male: 10 to 14 Years data was reported at 251.000 Person th in 2017. This stayed constant from the previous number of 251.000 Person th for 2016. Japan Population: Tokyo-to: Male: 10 to 14 Years data is updated yearly, averaging 255.500 Person th from Dec 1996 (Median) to 2017, with 22 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 285.000 Person th in 1998 and a record low of 242.000 Person th in 2005. Japan Population: Tokyo-to: Male: 10 to 14 Years data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Statistical Bureau. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Japan – Table JP.G003: Population: Annual: By Prefecture.

In 2020, the population census showed that Tokyo had the highest daytime population among Japanese prefectures, amounting to roughly 16.32 million. In contrast, Tottori Prefecture had the smallest daytime population, comprising approximately 550 thousand people.

Japan Population: Tokyo-to: Male: 70 to 74 Years data was reported at 332.000 Person th in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 317.000 Person th for 2016. Japan Population: Tokyo-to: Male: 70 to 74 Years data is updated yearly, averaging 300.500 Person th from Dec 1996 (Median) to 2017, with 22 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 342.000 Person th in 2014 and a record low of 178.000 Person th in 1996. Japan Population: Tokyo-to: Male: 70 to 74 Years data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Statistical Bureau. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Japan – Table JP.G003: Population: Annual: By Prefecture.

Japan Population: Tokyo-to: 5 to 9 Years data was reported at 512.000 Person th in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 509.000 Person th for 2016. Japan Population: Tokyo-to: 5 to 9 Years data is updated yearly, averaging 483.000 Person th from Dec 1996 (Median) to 2017, with 22 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 512.000 Person th in 2017 and a record low of 453.000 Person th in 1999. Japan Population: Tokyo-to: 5 to 9 Years data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Statistical Bureau. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Japan – Table JP.G003: Population: Annual: By Prefecture.

Chart and table of population level and growth rate for the Osaka, Japan metro area from 1950 to 2025. United Nations population projections are also included through the year 2035.

Machida City(Machida Shi)'s (Population census) Employed persons (Female) is 75,013person which is the 61st highest in Japan (by City). It also ranks 12th in Tokyo Prefecture, with 2.92% share of the entire Tokyo. Transition Graphs and Comparison chart between Machida City and Fujisawa City(Kanagawa) and Takamatsu City(Kagawa)(Closest City in Population) are available. Various data can be downloaded and output in csv format for use in EXCEL free of charge.

As of January 2024, more than 257,000 residents from China were registered in Tokyo Prefecture, accounting for the largest share of foreign nationals. The second-largest group of foreign nationals living in the prefecture were from South Korea.

Niijima Village(Niijima Mura)'s Number of households (Total) is 1,163[households] which is the 1595th highest in Japan (by City). It also ranks 57th in Tokyo Prefecture, with 0.02% share of the entire Tokyo. Transition Graphs and Comparison chart between Niijima Village and Kozagawa Town(Wakayama) and Fudai Village(Iwate)(Closest City in Population) are available. Various data can be downloaded and output in csv format for use in EXCEL free of charge.

【リソース】Volume 1_3-1-1_Summary of vital statistics (number, rates, interval of occurrence), 2012 and 2011 / / Volume 1_3-1-2_Number of cases tabulated separately in this report / Volume 1_3-2-1_Trends in indices of vital statistics:Japan / Volume 1_3-2-2_Trends in indices of vital statistics(rates):Japan / Volume 1_3-3-1_Summary tables of vital statistics:Japan, each prefecture and 21 major cities, 2012 / Volume 1_3-3-2_Summary tables of vital statistics:Japan, each prefecture and 21 major cities(rates), 2012 / Volume 1_3-4_International comparison of vital statistics / Volume 2_1_Summary tables of vital statistics:Japan, each prefecture and 21 major cities / Volume 2_2-1_Summary tables of vital statistics:each prefecture, each health center and each municipality (city, town, village) (01 Hokkaido) / Volume 2_2-2_Summary tables of vital statistics:each prefecture, each health center and each municipality (city, town, village) (02 Aomori) / Volume 2_2-3_Summary tables of vital statistics:each prefecture, each health center and each municipality (city, town, village) (03 Iwate) / Volume 2_2-4_Summary tables of vital statistics:each prefecture, each health center and each municipality (city, town, village) (04 Miyagi) / Volume 2_2-5_Summary tables of vital statistics:each prefecture, each health center and each municipality (city, town, village) (05 Akita) / Volume 2_2-6_Summary tables of vital statistics:each prefecture, each health center and each municipality (city, town, village) (06 Yamagata) / Volume 2_2-7_Summary tables of vital statistics:each prefecture, each health center and each municipality (city, town, village) (07 Fukushima) / Volume 2_2-8_Summary tables of vital statistics:each prefecture, each health center and each municipality (city, town, village) (08 Ibaraki) / Volume 2_2-9_Summary tables of vital statistics:each prefecture, each health center and each municipality (city, town, village) (09 Tochigi) / Volume 2_2-10_Summary tables of vital statistics:each prefecture, each health center and each municipality (city, town, village) (10 Gumma) / Volume 2_2-11_Summary tables of vital statistics:each prefecture, each health center and each municipality (city, town, village) (11 Saitama) / Volume 2_2-12_Summary tables of vital statistics:each prefecture, each health center and each municipality (city, town, village) (12 Chiba) / Volume 2_2-13_Summary tables of vital statistics:each prefecture, each health center and each municipality (city, town, village) (13 Tokyo) / Volume 2_2-14_Summary tables of vital statistics:each prefecture, each health center and each municipality (city, town, village) (14 Kanagawa) / Volume 2_2-15_Summary tables of vital statistics:each prefecture, each health center and each municipality (city, town, village) (15 Niigata) / Volume 2_2-16_Summary tables of vital statistics:each prefecture, each health center and each municipality (city, town, village) (16 Toyama) / Volume 2_2-17_Summary tables of vital statistics:each prefecture, each health center and each municipality (city, town, village) (17 Ishikawa) / Volume 2_2-18_Summary tables of vital statistics:each prefecture, each health center and each municipality (city, town, village) (18 Fukui) / Volume 2_2-19_Summary tables of vital statistics:each prefecture, each health center and each municipality (city, town, village) (19 Yamanashi) / Volume 2_2-20_Summary tables of vital statistics:each prefecture, each health center and each municipality (city, town, village) (20 Nagano) / Volume 2_2-21_Summary tables of vital statistics:each prefecture, each health center and each municipality (city, town, village) (21 Gifu) / Volume 2_2-22_Summary tables of vital statistics:each prefecture, each health center and each municipality (city, town, village) (22 Shizuoka) / Volume 2_2-23_Summary tables of vital statistics:each prefecture, each health center and each municipality (city, town, village) (23 Aichi) / Volume 2_2-24_Summary tables of vital statistics:each prefecture, each health center and each municipality (city, town, village) (24 Mie) / Volume 2_2-25_Summary tables of vital statistics:each prefecture, each health center and each municipality (city, town, village) (25 Shiga) / Volume 2_2-26_Summary tables of vital statistics:each prefecture, each health center and each municipality (city, town, village) (26 Kyoto) / Volume 2_2-27_Summary tables of vital statistics:each prefecture, each health center and each municipality (city, town, village) (27 Osaka) / Volume 2_2-28_Summary tables of vital statistics:each prefecture, each health center and each municipality (city, town, village) (28 Hyogo) / Volume 2_2-29_Summary tables of vital statistics:each prefecture, each health center and each municipality (city, town, village) (29 Nara) / Volume 2_2-30_Summary tables of vital statistics:each prefecture, each health center and each municipality (city, town, village) (30 Wakayama) / Volume 2_2-31_Summary tables of vital statisti

In November 2021, out-migration from Tokyo Prefecture to other areas of Japan exceeded in-migration by 3,254. During the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, net migration to the capital city turned negative for the first time in years.