description: Sterna antillarum browni) nested at 37 sites along the coast of California. This 7% decrease in breeding population size from 1994 brings to an end the trend since 1987 of continued growth of the population, and is likely attributable, at least in part, to the poor fledgling production experienced statewide in 1992. In addition to the drop in pair numbers, heavy predation pressure at many sites, an apparent shortage of food at two large sites, and a heavy storm in mid-June across the State, combined with a variety of human-related constraints on tern reproductive success, resulted in the lowest statewide fledgling-to-pair ratio recorded since fledgling production estimates were incorporated into monitoring protocol (1978). A minimum of approximately 963-1,174 fledglings was produced, 41% fewer than in 1994, resulting in a statewide fledgling per pair ratio of 0.37-0.45. As usual, successful and unsuccessful sites were distributed rather evenly throughout the State. Terns themselves were more unevenly distributed: 50% of the statewide population bred at only five sites (Venice Beach, Santa Margarita River/North Beach, Mission Bay/Mariner's Point and FAA Island, and Tijuana River/South); inclusion of an additional four sites (NAS Alameda, Bolsa Chica, Huntington Beach, and Delta Beach/North) accounted for 73% of all breeding pairs, and the inclusion of two more (Ormond Beach/Edison and Seal Beach) accounted for 81%. The fledglings produced at Santa Margarita River/North Beach, Mission Bay/Mariner's Point, and Delta Beach/North constituted 33% of the State total; the balance were distributed relatively evenly among sites.; abstract: Sterna antillarum browni) nested at 37 sites along the coast of California. This 7% decrease in breeding population size from 1994 brings to an end the trend since 1987 of continued growth of the population, and is likely attributable, at least in part, to the poor fledgling production experienced statewide in 1992. In addition to the drop in pair numbers, heavy predation pressure at many sites, an apparent shortage of food at two large sites, and a heavy storm in mid-June across the State, combined with a variety of human-related constraints on tern reproductive success, resulted in the lowest statewide fledgling-to-pair ratio recorded since fledgling production estimates were incorporated into monitoring protocol (1978). A minimum of approximately 963-1,174 fledglings was produced, 41% fewer than in 1994, resulting in a statewide fledgling per pair ratio of 0.37-0.45. As usual, successful and unsuccessful sites were distributed rather evenly throughout the State. Terns themselves were more unevenly distributed: 50% of the statewide population bred at only five sites (Venice Beach, Santa Margarita River/North Beach, Mission Bay/Mariner's Point and FAA Island, and Tijuana River/South); inclusion of an additional four sites (NAS Alameda, Bolsa Chica, Huntington Beach, and Delta Beach/North) accounted for 73% of all breeding pairs, and the inclusion of two more (Ormond Beach/Edison and Seal Beach) accounted for 81%. The fledglings produced at Santa Margarita River/North Beach, Mission Bay/Mariner's Point, and Delta Beach/North constituted 33% of the State total; the balance were distributed relatively evenly among sites.

description: In 1994, a minimum of approximately 2,792 pairs of the endangered California least tern (Sterna antillarum browni) nested at 36 sites along the coast of California. This 20% increase over1993 breeding population size continues the trend since 1987 of continued growth of the populating and is directly attributable to the efforts of people working on behalf of recovery of the species. The statewide total of 2,792 pairs is the highest number recorded since systematic monitoring began in 1973, and represents a four-and-a-half-fold increase over the estimated 600 pairs of that year. Unfortunately, in 1994, heavy predation pressure at many sites and an apparent food shortage at two large sites, combined with a variety of human-related constraints on tern reproductive success, resulted in poor fledgling production statewide. A minimum of approximately 1755-1871 fledglings were produced, 11% fewer than in 1993, resulting in a statewide fledgling per pair ratio of 0.62-0.67. Documented and suspected predator species across the State ran the usual gamut; however, kestrels, crows, ravens, rats, and a peregrine falcon were responsible for the loss of the majority of terns and tern eggs lost to predation in 1994. As usual, successful and unsuccessful sites were distributed throughout the state. Terns themselves were more unevenly distributed: 48% of the statewide population bred at only four sites (Venice Beach, Huntington Beach, Santa Margarita River/North Beach, Mission Bay/FAA Island); inclusion of an additional five sites (NAS Alameda, Seal Beach, Bolsa Chica, Delta Beach/North, Tijuana River/South) accounted for 76% of all breeding pairs. And, again as usual, the bulk of fledglings produced statewide came from only a few sites; those produced at NAS Alameda, Venice Beach, Seal Beach, Santa Margarita River/North Beach, Mission Bay/FAA Island, and Delta Beach North comprised approximately 70% of the State total.; abstract: In 1994, a minimum of approximately 2,792 pairs of the endangered California least tern (Sterna antillarum browni) nested at 36 sites along the coast of California. This 20% increase over1993 breeding population size continues the trend since 1987 of continued growth of the populating and is directly attributable to the efforts of people working on behalf of recovery of the species. The statewide total of 2,792 pairs is the highest number recorded since systematic monitoring began in 1973, and represents a four-and-a-half-fold increase over the estimated 600 pairs of that year. Unfortunately, in 1994, heavy predation pressure at many sites and an apparent food shortage at two large sites, combined with a variety of human-related constraints on tern reproductive success, resulted in poor fledgling production statewide. A minimum of approximately 1755-1871 fledglings were produced, 11% fewer than in 1993, resulting in a statewide fledgling per pair ratio of 0.62-0.67. Documented and suspected predator species across the State ran the usual gamut; however, kestrels, crows, ravens, rats, and a peregrine falcon were responsible for the loss of the majority of terns and tern eggs lost to predation in 1994. As usual, successful and unsuccessful sites were distributed throughout the state. Terns themselves were more unevenly distributed: 48% of the statewide population bred at only four sites (Venice Beach, Huntington Beach, Santa Margarita River/North Beach, Mission Bay/FAA Island); inclusion of an additional five sites (NAS Alameda, Seal Beach, Bolsa Chica, Delta Beach/North, Tijuana River/South) accounted for 76% of all breeding pairs. And, again as usual, the bulk of fledglings produced statewide came from only a few sites; those produced at NAS Alameda, Venice Beach, Seal Beach, Santa Margarita River/North Beach, Mission Bay/FAA Island, and Delta Beach North comprised approximately 70% of the State total.

This dataset contains predictions of surface water depth (m) under 200 cm (2 m or 6.6 ft) of sea level rise and three storm scenarios by 2100. Estimates of associated socioeconomic impacts are also included. These predictions were completed in the area of Santa Monica Bay, California, specifically Venice Beach and Marina Del Rey. The model domain included ten different modeled infrastructure types to better understand the impact of natural and nature-based features (NNBFs) and conventional infrastructure to reduce sea level rise-driven flood hazards. Sea level rise scenario: 200 cm (2 m or 6.6 ft) by 2100. Storm scenarios: no storm, annual storm event, 20-year storm event, 100-year storm event. Modeled infrastructure types: no action (no change from current), targeted dunes, dunes in locations with elevation below 4 m NAVD88, dunes in locations with elevation below 5 m NAVD88, sea wall, sluice gate, sluice gate + targeted dune, sluice gate + dunes in locations with elevation below 4 m NAVD88, sluice gate + dunes in locations with elevation below 5 m NAVD88, sluice gate + sea wall. The following physical and socio-economic impacts were calculated for each modeled infrastructure type within each storm scenario: flood area, flood volume, total economic damages, residential economic damages, nonresidential economic damages, total displaced population, displaced child population, displaced senior population, displaced minority population, displaced low-income population, low construction cost estimate, high construction cost estimate, benefit-cost ratio based on low construction cost estimate, benefit-cost ratio based on high construction cost estimate. The file naming convention is a combination of sea level rise height (in cm), the storm scenario, and the modeled infrastructure type. For additional details, please see the data files section.

The dataset provides data on Municipal Unions (MUs) in Italy for the 1996-2015 period. Municipal Unions are forms of intermunicipal cooperation aimed at delivering municipal services and characterized by a high degree of formalization and institutionalization. The following 15 variables/indicators are taken into account: Year of establishment of the Municipal Union (Year); number of founding members (N founding members); number of members (N members 2015); number of member municipalities subject to compulsory cooperation by the Italian law (N C members); belonging (Y) or not (N) of all MU member municipalities to a unique Socio-sanitary District (Unique SSD); belonging (Y) or not (N) of all MU member municipalities to a unique Local Work System (Unique LWS); total inhabitants (Inh.N); inhabitants of the smallest member municipality (Inh.S); inhabitants of the largest member municipality (Inh.B); ratio smallest/largest population (Inh.R); average population (Inh.Av.); surface area (sq Km); average surface area (Av. Sur); Territorial Accessibility Index (TAI); Demographic Balance Index (DBI).
The dataset gives systematic information on Municipal Unions established in Italy from 1996 to 2015. Data relate to 2015, unless differently specified. A total number of 462 Municipal Unions is taken into account, that is all those present in the country at the year of data collection.