This dataset contains administrative polygons grouped by country (admin-0) with the following subdivisions according to Who's On First placetypes:
- macroregion (admin-1 including region)
- region (admin-2 including state, province, department, governorate)
- macrocounty (admin-3 including arrondissement)
- county (admin-4 including prefecture, sub-prefecture, regency, canton, commune)
- localadmin (admin-5 including municipality, local government area, unitary authority, commune, suburb)

The dataset also contains human settlement points and polygons for:
- localities (city, town, and village)
- neighbourhoods (borough, macrohood, neighbourhood, microhood)

The dataset covers activities carried out by Who's On First (WOF) since 2015. Global administrative boundaries and human settlements are aggregated and standardized from hundreds of sources and available with an open CC-BY license. Who's On First data is updated on an as-need basis for individual places with annual sprints focused on improving specific countries or placetypes. Please refer to the README.md file for complete data source metadata. Refer to our blog post for explanation of field names.

Data corrections can be proposed using Write Field, an web app for making quick data edits. You’ll need a Github.com account to login and propose edits, which are then reviewed by the Who's On First community using the Github pull request process. Approved changes are available for download within 24-hours. Please contact WOF admin about bulk edits.

This statistic gives information on the share of internet users who watch online videos as of January 2018, by country. During the survey, it was found that 85 percent of U.S. internet users watched online video content on any device. Saudi Arabia was ranked first with a 95 percent online video penetration among the online population. Saudi Arabia also ranks highest for daily online video access.

Engagement with online video content in the U.S.– additional information

In the United States, YouTube ranks first as market leader among video and entertainment websites, leaving VoD providers Netflix and Hulu staggering behind.

Online videos include a variety of types from a six second long Vine to a full length movie and can be accessed via any device with an internet connection. The weekly time spent by U.S. users watching video content on smartphones has grown steadily over time. The results reveal that smartphone users aged 18 to 24 years spent more time watching video content than any other age group as they spent on average 83 minutes consuming videos per week. In contrast, smartphone users aged between 50 and 64 years only spent an average of 36 minutes per week watching mobile video content.

Genetic studies have been underway on Arabian Peninsula populations because of their pivotal geographic location for population migration and times of occurrence. To assist in better understanding population dynamics in this region, evidence is presented herein on local population structure in the Arabian Peninsula, based on Y-STR characterisation in four Arabian samples and its comparison in a broad geographical scale. Our results demonstrate that geography played an important role in shaping the genetic structure of the region around the Near-East. Populations are grouped regionally but none of these groups is significantly differentiated from others and all groups merge in the Near-East, in keeping with this important migration corridor for the human species. Focusing on the Arabian Peninsula, we show that Dubai and Oman share genetic affinities with other Near-Eastern populations, while Saudi Arabia and Yemen show a relative distinctive isolated background. Those two populations may have been kept relatively separated from migration routes, maybe due to their location in a desert area.

Key information about Saudi Arabia GDP Per Capita

• Saudi Arabia Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per Capita reached 34,441.065 USD in Dec 2022, compared with 28,215.146 USD in Dec 2021.
• Saudi Arabia GDP Per Capita data is updated yearly, available from Dec 1963 to Dec 2022, with an average number of 8,799.290 USD.
• The data reached an all-time high of 34,441.065 USD in Dec 2022 and a record low of 380.370 in Dec 1963.
• CEIC converts annual GDP per Capita into USD. General Authority for Statistics provides GDP per Capita in local currency. Saudi Central Bank average market exchange rate is used for currency conversions. GDP per Capita prior to 1971 is calculated from Nominal GDP based on SNA 1993 and Population sourced from the U.S. Census Bureau.

Related information about Saudi Arabia GDP Per Capita data

• In the latest reports, Saudi Arabia GDP expanded 3.783 % YoY in Mar 2023.
• Saudi Arabia Nominal GDP reached 267.899 USD bn in Mar 2023.
• Its GDP deflator (implicit price deflator) fell 0.968 % in Mar 2023.
• Gross Savings Rate of Saudi Arabia was measured at 40.810 % in Mar 2023.

Key information about Saudi Arabia Monthly Earnings

• Saudi Arabia Monthly Earnings stood at 754 USD in Dec 2018, compared with the previous figure of 977 USD in Dec 2017
• Saudi Arabia Monthly Earnings data is updated yearly, available from Dec 1995 to Dec 2018, with an average number of 775 USD
• The data reached the an all-time high of 1,000 USD in Dec 2016 and a record low of 648 USD in Dec 1996

CEIC calculates Monthly Earnings by dividing Compensation of Employees from Employment and divided by 12 and converts it into USD. General Authority for Statistics provides Compensation of Employees and Employment in local currency. Saudi Central Bank average market exchange rate is used for currency conversions. Monthly Earnings include employees in profit making private sector, public enterprises and institutions. Compensation of Employees includes all wages and salaries and fringe benefits paid to employees. There was no survey conducted for the period 2002-2004.


Further information about Saudi Arabia Monthly Earnings

• In the latest reports, Saudi Arabia Population reached 32 million people in Jun 2022
• Unemployment Rate of Saudi Arabia dropped to 4 % in Mar 2024
• The country's Labour Force Participation Rate increased to 62 % in Mar 2023

According to a report published by PPRO, the most common card scheme in Saudi Arabia was the local card scheme, dominating the market with about 47 percent of the market share in 2020. 41 percent of the Saudi population used cards as means of payment in 2020.

The Saudi Arabian infrastructure market, valued at $36 billion in 2025, is projected to experience robust growth, driven by the Kingdom's Vision 2030 initiative. This ambitious plan prioritizes diversification away from oil dependence, stimulating massive investments in transportation, energy, and social infrastructure. The 4.48% CAGR indicates a steady expansion through 2033, fueled by significant government spending on mega-projects like NEOM and the Red Sea Project. These developments necessitate substantial upgrades to existing infrastructure and the construction of entirely new facilities. Key segments like transportation infrastructure (railways, roads, and airports crucial for connecting these new developments) and energy infrastructure (power generation and distribution to meet the needs of burgeoning cities and industrial zones) are expected to be particularly dynamic. While challenges like global economic volatility and material price fluctuations could pose restraints, the sustained commitment of the Saudi government to its Vision 2030 plan ensures a positive outlook for the infrastructure sector. The presence of numerous international and domestic players, including Bechtel, China Railway Construction Corp Ltd, and local firms like EL Seif Group Company Ltd, further underscores the market's competitiveness and potential. Growth will be further propelled by the increasing urbanization and population growth within Saudi Arabia, demanding new housing, healthcare facilities, and educational institutions. The expansion of the manufacturing sector and the development of industrial parks will also contribute significantly to the demand for specialized infrastructure. However, potential challenges include securing skilled labor, managing environmental impact, and ensuring efficient project delivery. Nevertheless, the long-term prospects for the Saudi Arabian infrastructure market remain exceptionally positive, creating substantial opportunities for both domestic and international investors and contractors. Careful planning and execution, along with a focus on sustainable practices, will be essential to maximize the benefits of this considerable growth. Notable trends are: Growing Power sector:.

In general, foreign direct investments (FDIs) play a crucial role in driving a country’s economic development, promoting diversification, and enhancing competitiveness. The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, which heavily rely on the oil and gas sectors, are particularly vulnerable to fluctuations in commodity prices. However, these countries have recognized the imperative of economic diversification and have increasingly turned to inward FDIs to achieve it. By attracting capital, advanced technology, and expertise from foreign investors, FDIs enable the GCC countries to expand their economic base beyond the oil and gas sectors. This diversification not only creates employment opportunities but also fosters resilient economic growth, ultimately leading to an improvement in the living standards of the local population. This study investigates the macroeconomic and environmental factors that potentially attract foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows into the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries in the long run. Additionally, the study explores the causal relationship between these factors and FDI inflows. The panel autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach to co-integration is the primary analytical technique used, utilizing long time-series data from six GCC countries, including Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) during the period 1990–2019. The empirical results indicate that, in the long run, almost all independent variables significantly influence FDI in GCC countries. Variables such as GDP growth (GDPG), inflation (INFL), carbon dioxide emissions (CO2), and urbanization (URB) are found to be highly significant (p≤0.01) in their impact on FDI. Moreover, unemployment (UNEMP) also positively and significantly influences FDI in these countries in the long run. Based on the key findings, strategies aimed at reducing persistently high unemployment rates, maintaining population growth, viewing FDI as a driver for GDP growth, and continuing with infrastructure development and urbanization are expected to attract more FDI inflows into GCC countries in the long run. Additionally, fostering both long-term economic incentives and creating a conducive business infrastructure for investors are vital for attracting inward FDI into any nation, including those in the GCC. This research would benefit various stakeholders, including governments, local businesses, investors, academia, and the local society, by providing valuable knowledge and informing decision-making processes related to economic development, diversification, and investment promotion.

ObjectiveThis study aimed to review health-enhancing physical activity (HEPA) policies and initiatives introduced in Saudi Arabia (SA) since 2016 and identify the gaps in their design and implementation.MethodsA combination of methods was used, including semi-structured interviews with key informants from relevant entities (such as those from the ministries of health, education, sports, tourism, and other regulatory bodies) and a review of policy/initiative documents provided by them. Stakeholder mapping led by local experts and snowball sampling supported the identification of key informants. Three existing frameworks—the World Health Organization’s HEPA Policy Audit Tool, the Global Observatory for Physical Activity (PA) Policy Inventory, and the European Monitoring Framework for PA Indicators—were used to develop data collection instruments.ResultsThe review identified 44 policies/initiatives from different sectors. The Saudi Sports for All Federation is the leader in PA promotion and community sports development. However, there is a lack of multisectoral agenda and governance structures for PA promotion. The overlap between initiatives by different key informants results in duplication of efforts, including initiatives to promote PA among the general public led by competitive professional sports and community-based sports.ConclusionThe study findings indicate that several policies/initiatives have been implemented in SA since 2016. However, there is a need to focus on the challenges or barriers that affect the sustainability of policies/initiatives. A system-based approach can help build on sectoral synergies, thereby accelerating progress in engaging the Saudi population with PA.

Since 1999, the Hajj pilgrimage in Mecca, Saudi Arabia, has attracted millions of people worldwide each year. The largest number of pilgrims was recorded between 2010 and 2012, with nearly one million more foreign pilgrims than in previous years. After opening to foreign pilgrims again, the ritual drew in nearly 800,000 visitors - a figure that was heavily regulated and capped due to the COVID-19 pandemic. As of 2025, over 1.5 million Muslims from outside Saudi Arabia performed the Hajj pilgrimage. The Hajj Millions of people flock to Mecca each year for a five- to six-day religious pilgrimage. In addition to thousands of local worshippers, there are millions of foreign religious pilgrims. Throughout the year, millions of visitors also perform the smaller pilgrimage, the Umrah. These pilgrims contribute to the biggest share of tourist spending in Saudi Arabia. Naturally, this has prompted the government to invest in various infrastructure projects, with the Grand Mosque expansion having the largest share of project investments relating to religious establishments in Saudi Arabia. Tourism in Saudi Arabia Tourism contribution to the Saudi economy has been largely flat since 2012, but this is expected to more than double by 2032. Religious tourism comprises the largest share of tourists to Saudi Arabia by purpose of visit. Although the Hajj and Umrah rituals are only prescribed in Mecca, many worshippers take the opportunity to visit Madinah, a city vastly popular among Muslims where the Prophet Muhammad’s Mosque and grave are situated, among other parts of the Kingdom. To tap into the opportunity and encourage various forms of tourism, Saudi Arabia rolled out an online one-year tourist visa for select countries whereby people could visit the rest of the country in addition to performing any religious pilgrimage.

In 2030, the number of mobile internet users in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) was forecast to reach around 422 million, up from 327 million in 2023. The mobile internet penetration rate in the region was projected to reach around 58 percent of the population by 2030. GCC technology adoption   Investments in technological innovation, notably in 5G technology, artificial intelligence, and cybersecurity, have risen dramatically in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. 5G solutions were introduced in the region in 2019 and will be the primary focus of smartphone users and gaming companies in 2020. In 2019, the majority of the population in the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia reported a willingness to adopt 5G connections as soon as they become available in the market, but only around a fifth expected positive response after installation . The Middle East outperforms the rest of the world in terms of the rate at which new technologies are adopted, aided by the strong top-down attitude of local governments. Technology sector post COVID-19 in MENA     COVID-19 caused the suspension or cancellation of IT projects in the MENA region. IT investment will likely recover to pre-pandemic levels in 2021 as the region's situation improves and firms realize the full benefits of a strong digital environment. Cloud management and security services in the MENA area are expected to be valued at 226 million U.S. dollars in 2020. People were more likely to use online choices for shopping, communication, and remote working during the COVID-19 epidemic in 2020, which resulted in lockdowns and the closure of businesses, restaurants, and supermarkets. Every nation in the area has seen a significant surge in the usage of mobile applications, notably Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and Kuwait. In 2022, the region's spending on communication services in the information technology industry was estimated to exceed 120 billion U.S. dollars.

Key information about Saudi Arabia Employed Persons

• Saudi Arabia Employed Persons was reported at 17,181,335.000 Person in Sep 2024
• It recorded an increase from the previous number of 16,864,059.000 Person for Jun 2024
• Saudi Arabia Employed Persons data is updated quarterly, averaging 13,455,138.000 Person from Mar 2015 to Sep 2024, with 39 observations
• The data reached an all-time high of 17,181,335.000 Person in Sep 2024 and a record low of 11,060,210.000 Person in Mar 2015
• Saudi Arabia Employed Persons data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by CEIC Data
• The data is categorized under World Trend Plus’s Global Economic Monitor – Table: Employed Persons: Quarterly

CEIC extends history for quarterly Employed Persons. General Authority for Statistics provides Employed Persons. Employed Persons prior to Q3 2016 is sourced from the International Monetary Fund.

This statistic shows the degree of urbanization in the Mashriq countries in 2023. The Mashriq, also Mashreq, is the region encompassing the eastern part of the Arab World, comprising the countries Bahrain, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Palestine, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Syria, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen. Urbanization is defined as the share of urban population in the total population. In 2023, 92.02 percent of the total population of Jordan lived in urban areas.

Optimal values of the parameters chosen for the two methods.

According to the survey, as of February 2023, four out of the six countries in the Gulf Cooperation Council ranked amongst the top ** in the world for expatriate quality of life. Qatar and the United Arab Emirates topped the list for quality of life, whereas Saudi Arabia and Kuwait came last in the region. Quality of life; an amalgamation of many metrics Since quality of life is dependent on many indicators, it can give us a good insight into many aspects of state welfare policies and services. Saudi Arabia, where the number of foreign workers in the private sector topped *** million, also ranked as having one of the region's lowest quality of life for expatriates. Qatar, which had the second-highest quality of life for expatriates living in the GCC, was ranked as one of the most challenging countries in the region for ease of settling in. The UAE and Qatar, both of which ranked the highest in the survey, also have the highest average salaries and living standards in the region. Foreign workers are a key pillar of the GCC economy Countries in the GCC all have sizable expatriate populations for which their economies are heavily reliant. Roughly ********** of the workforce in the GCC is foreign. Although the share of foreign workers in the GCC has slightly decreased in recent years, they still considerably outweigh the local workforce. Most of these workers comprise the unskilled portion of the occupational category in the GCC. However, with diversifying investments and programs such as Vision 2030, countries have seen a rise in the number of skilled foreign workers.

In general, foreign direct investments (FDIs) play a crucial role in driving a country’s economic development, promoting diversification, and enhancing competitiveness. The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, which heavily rely on the oil and gas sectors, are particularly vulnerable to fluctuations in commodity prices. However, these countries have recognized the imperative of economic diversification and have increasingly turned to inward FDIs to achieve it. By attracting capital, advanced technology, and expertise from foreign investors, FDIs enable the GCC countries to expand their economic base beyond the oil and gas sectors. This diversification not only creates employment opportunities but also fosters resilient economic growth, ultimately leading to an improvement in the living standards of the local population. This study investigates the macroeconomic and environmental factors that potentially attract foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows into the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries in the long run. Additionally, the study explores the causal relationship between these factors and FDI inflows. The panel autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach to co-integration is the primary analytical technique used, utilizing long time-series data from six GCC countries, including Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) during the period 1990–2019. The empirical results indicate that, in the long run, almost all independent variables significantly influence FDI in GCC countries. Variables such as GDP growth (GDPG), inflation (INFL), carbon dioxide emissions (CO2), and urbanization (URB) are found to be highly significant (p≤0.01) in their impact on FDI. Moreover, unemployment (UNEMP) also positively and significantly influences FDI in these countries in the long run. Based on the key findings, strategies aimed at reducing persistently high unemployment rates, maintaining population growth, viewing FDI as a driver for GDP growth, and continuing with infrastructure development and urbanization are expected to attract more FDI inflows into GCC countries in the long run. Additionally, fostering both long-term economic incentives and creating a conducive business infrastructure for investors are vital for attracting inward FDI into any nation, including those in the GCC. This research would benefit various stakeholders, including governments, local businesses, investors, academia, and the local society, by providing valuable knowledge and informing decision-making processes related to economic development, diversification, and investment promotion.

In general, foreign direct investments (FDIs) play a crucial role in driving a country’s economic development, promoting diversification, and enhancing competitiveness. The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, which heavily rely on the oil and gas sectors, are particularly vulnerable to fluctuations in commodity prices. However, these countries have recognized the imperative of economic diversification and have increasingly turned to inward FDIs to achieve it. By attracting capital, advanced technology, and expertise from foreign investors, FDIs enable the GCC countries to expand their economic base beyond the oil and gas sectors. This diversification not only creates employment opportunities but also fosters resilient economic growth, ultimately leading to an improvement in the living standards of the local population. This study investigates the macroeconomic and environmental factors that potentially attract foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows into the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries in the long run. Additionally, the study explores the causal relationship between these factors and FDI inflows. The panel autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach to co-integration is the primary analytical technique used, utilizing long time-series data from six GCC countries, including Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) during the period 1990–2019. The empirical results indicate that, in the long run, almost all independent variables significantly influence FDI in GCC countries. Variables such as GDP growth (GDPG), inflation (INFL), carbon dioxide emissions (CO2), and urbanization (URB) are found to be highly significant (p≤0.01) in their impact on FDI. Moreover, unemployment (UNEMP) also positively and significantly influences FDI in these countries in the long run. Based on the key findings, strategies aimed at reducing persistently high unemployment rates, maintaining population growth, viewing FDI as a driver for GDP growth, and continuing with infrastructure development and urbanization are expected to attract more FDI inflows into GCC countries in the long run. Additionally, fostering both long-term economic incentives and creating a conducive business infrastructure for investors are vital for attracting inward FDI into any nation, including those in the GCC. This research would benefit various stakeholders, including governments, local businesses, investors, academia, and the local society, by providing valuable knowledge and informing decision-making processes related to economic development, diversification, and investment promotion.

The average per capita food consumption in the Gulf Cooperation Council in 2027 is expected to be about *** kilograms. This is a roughly 32-kilogram increase per person from 2022. Overall, food consumption per capital in the GCC is expected to rise steadily each year during this period. GCC food consumption  Historically, the per capita volume of food consumed among GCC member countries (******) has varied. Saudi Arabia, having the largest population in the GCC, makes up the greatest share of total food consumption in the council. Still, it was on the lower end of per capita consumption. Food consumption growth projections in the region differ noticeably from country to country. With growing populations and developing, and diversifying economies, food consumption is only expected to rise in the coming years. GCC food market The GCC food market revenue is worth billions each year. Although local food production is growing, most GCC member states rely on food imports to fulfill consumer demand. The distribution of food imports covers every category of food products. Additionally, multinational food conglomerates and a wide variety of Western restaurant chains have increased their footprint in the GCC. Nestled between Europe, Asia, and Africa, the GCC is well-connected and has prime access to most of the world’s fresh food supply. Nevertheless, there is also a push to be more self-sufficient. Countries like Oman, which has a strong agricultural and fishing industry, and Saudi Arabia, which has been scaling its indigenous agriculture industry, have done well in this regard. Further initiatives, such as the United Arab Emirates' cooperation with research centers in the Netherlands, are also producing promising results in innovative farming.

The statistic shows the trade balance of goods (exports minus imports of goods) in the Mashriq countries in 2023. The Mashriq, also Mashreq, is the region encompassing the eastern part of the Arab World, comprising the countries Bahrain, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Palestine, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Syria, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen. A positive value means a trade surplus, a negative trade balance means a trade deficit. In 2023, the trade surplus of goods in Saudi Arabia amounted to about 113.08 billion U.S. dollars.

The aim of this project is to translate the LSAS-SR into Arabic and validate the translated version. This will involve translating the LSAS items into Arabic and then rigorously validating the translated questionnaire according to established protocols. The validated LSAS-SR will then be used to assess social anxiety in the local population of the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia, contributing to a better understanding of mental health in this context.