Abstract

Child labour is a critical issue in Rwanda. This issue is considered as a socialization factor and gives rise to the problem of children’s participation in improving socioeconomic life of their respective households, and even in improving that of the country. The purpose of the National Child Labour Survey is to generate data on child labour (including education, economic and non-economic activities) and embark on the process of creating a database containing both qualitative and quantitative data on the child labour phenomenon in Rwanda.

These objectives unfold as follows: -To collect information on characteristics, nature, extent and reasons influencing childlabour in Rwanda and assess working conditions and impact on children health, education and normal development of children; -To create a database (quantitative and qualitative) on child labour which can be regularly updated through additional surveys and other administrative documents; -To carry out a comprehensive analysis of the conditions of children in employment in Rwanda by presenting the structure of activities, working conditions and their effects on children.

The 2008 Rwanda National Child Labour Survey (2008-RNCLS) focused on children aged 5-17 years living in ordinary households countrywide. Street children and those living in institutions like prisons, hospitals, children living in orphanages and others not living in ordinary households were not focused on in the survey. Only households having children aged 5 -17 years were targeted by the 2008-RNCLS. In total, 5,510 households were selected to constitute the survey sample and among them 5,084 were successfully identified and interviewed during the field survey, which is a response rate of nearly 92%.

Geographic coverage

National coverage

Analysis unit

• Households
• Individuals

Universe

The National Child Labour Survey has covered children aged 5 to 17 years living in ordinary households countrywide.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The sample of the National Child Labour Survey is a stratified two-stage sampling. The primary sampling stage is a cluster which is constituted of one enumeration block (EB) as it was designed in 2002 Rwanda General Census of Population and Housing.

At first stage, enumeration areas constructed on the basis of the 2002 Rwanda General Census of Population and Housing served as sampling frame for the drawing of lots of a sample of 300 enumeration blocks or clusters with the distribution of 10 enumeration blocks per District. The drawing of lots has been carried out with a proportional probability to the size of each cluster. The size has been measured on the basis of the number of households having children aged 5 to 17 years that constitute each enumeration block, according to the 2002 Rwanda General Census of Population and Housing. To pick those households, one has considered the households which had children under 13 years old in 2002.

For the second stage where the sampling unit was a household, a household list was first updated in each EB selected at primary stage and then a constant number of households have been selected from the number of households that have children aged from 5 to 17 years, identified during households listing in each EB.

Sampling deviation

No deviation from the sapmling design.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The questionnaire comprises of three main parts. The first part covers all household members and allows to collect general information on their socio-demographic characteristics, their economic activities and on perceptions of parents or guardians of children about child labour.

While the second part is about household characteristics and allow to collect information on housing and accommodation.

The third part focuses only on children and provides information on their education and their working status. It also provides information on the health and welfare of children in employment as well as their safety in the workplace. The questionnaire is appended to this report.

Cleaning operations

The coding of the 2008-RNCLS questionnaires was carried out from 23rd to 29th, July 2008. Previously, a cross checking of filled questionnaires was done from the first filled questionnaires received and was pursued during the coding.

Response rate

The sample of the 2008-RNCLS initially comprised of 5,510 households. Following some non response cases, the number of households which were interviewed was lower than had been anticipated in the sample. Non-response cases were due to many reasons including the lack of household location, the change of location of a household, the absence of household 13 members for interview, etc. In total 5,085 households were visited and interviewed during the 2008-RNCLS, representing a response rate of 92.3%.

Data appraisal

A series of data quality tables and graphs are available to review the quality of the data and include the following: - NUMBER OF ENUMERATION BLOCS AND HOUSEHOLDS SELECTED BY PROVINCE........................................................................................................................................................................11 - DISTRIBUTION OF SURVEYED POPULATION BY SEX AND AGE GROUP. ..................................................................................................................................................................................................14 - DISTRIBUTION OF SURVEYED POPULATION UNDER 18 YEARS OLD BY SEX AND AGE. ....................................................................................................................................................................16 - DISTRIBUTION OF HOUSEHOLDS (IN %) BY PROVINCE ACCORDING TO HOUSEHOLD SIZE ........ ...................................................................................................................................................17 - DISTRIBUTION OF HOUSEHOLDS BY ECONOMIC SECTORS OF HEADS OF HOUSEHOLD..................................................................................................................................................................18 - DISTRIBUTION OF HOUSEHOLDS BY PROVINCES ACCORDING TO WELFARE QUINTILE....................................................................................................................................................................19 - DISTRIBUTION OF CHILDREN AGED 5 - 17 YEARS BY STATUS OF ACTIVITY...........................................................................................................................................................................................22 - ACTIVITY STATUS OF CHILDREN AGED 5 - 17 YEARS BY SEX AND PROVINCE ...................................................................................................................................................................................23 - NUMBER AND PERCENTAGE OF CHILDREN AGED 7 - 17 YEARS ATTENDING SCHOOL ...................................................................................................................................................................25 - PERCENTAGE OF CHILDREN INVOLVED IN HOUSEHOLD CHORES BY AGE, SEX AND PROVINCE ................................................................................................................................................25 - AVERAGE NUMBER OF WORKING HOURS IN HOUSEHOLD CHORES FOR CHILDREN AGED 7-17 YEARS BY SEX, AGE GROUP AND SSHOOL ATTENDANCE...................................29 - NUMBER AND PERCENTAGE OF CHILDREN IN EMPLOYMENT AGED 5-17 YEARS BY SECTORS OF ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES AND PROVINCE ……...................................................... 30
- DISTRIBUTION (IN %) OF CHILDREN IN EMPLOYMENT BY SECTORS OF ACTIVITY AND SEX ............................................................................................................................................................30 - NUMBER AND PERCENTAGE OF CHILDREN IN EMPLOYMENT AGED 5-17 YEARS BY STATUS IN EMPLOYMENT....................................................................................................................31
- HOURS WORKED PER WEEK BY CHILDREN IN EMPLOYMENT BY STATUS OF ACTIVITY, SEX, AGE GROUP AND PROVINCE ...............................................................................................30 - NUMBER AND PERCENTAGE OF CHILD LABOURERS AGED 5-17 YEARS BY SEX, AGE GROUP AND PROVINCE .....................................................................................................................34 - NUMBER AND PERCENTAGE OF CHILDREN AGED 5-17 YEARS CARRYING OUT HAZARDOUS WORK BY SEX, AGE GROUP AND PROVINCE ................................................................36 - NUMBER AND PERCENTAGE OF CHILD LABOURERS AGED 5-17 YEARS BY BRANCHES OF ACTIVITIES, AGE GROUP, AND SEX......................................................................................38 - NUMBER AND PERCENTAGE OF CHILDREN AGED 5-17 YEARS INVOLVED IN HAZARDOUS WORK BY BRANCH OF ACTIVITIES, AGE GROUP, AND SEX..........................................40 - NUMBER AND PERCENTAGE OF CHILD LABOURERS BY STATUS IN EMPLOYMENT............................................................................................................................................................................42 - WORKPLACE OF CHILD LABOURERS BY SEX AND AGE GROUP

Rwanda RW: Fertility Rate: Total: Births per Woman data was reported at 3.885 Ratio in 2016. This records a decrease from the previous number of 3.967 Ratio for 2015. Rwanda RW: Fertility Rate: Total: Births per Woman data is updated yearly, averaging 7.657 Ratio from Dec 1960 (Median) to 2016, with 57 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 8.462 Ratio in 1979 and a record low of 3.885 Ratio in 2016. Rwanda RW: Fertility Rate: Total: Births per Woman data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Rwanda – Table RW.World Bank: Health Statistics. Total fertility rate represents the number of children that would be born to a woman if she were to live to the end of her childbearing years and bear children in accordance with age-specific fertility rates of the specified year.; ; (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects: 2017 Revision. (2) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (3) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (4) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Reprot (various years), (5) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database, and (6) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme.; Weighted average; Relevance to gender indicator: it can indicate the status of women within households and a woman’s decision about the number and spacing of children.