This dataset provides detailed information on the 2019 Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) for Birmingham, UK. The data is available at the postcode level and includes the Lower Layer Super Output Area (LSOA) information.Data is provided at the LSOA 2011 Census geography.The decile score ranges from 1-10 with decile 1 representing the most deprived 10% of areas while decile 10 representing the least deprived 10% of areas.The IMD rank and decile score is allocated to the LSOA and all postcodes within it at the time of creation (2019).Note that some postcodes cross over LSOA boundaries. The Office for National Statistics sets boundaries for LSOAs and allocates every postcode to one LSOA only: this is the one which contains the majority of residents in that postcode area (as at 2011 Census).

The Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) is a measure used in the UK to assess the relative deprivation of small areas, known as Lower-layer Super Output Areas (LSOAs). It combines information from seven different domains to provide an overall deprivation score for each area. These domains are:

Income Deprivation Employment Deprivation Education, Skills, and Training Deprivation Health Deprivation and Disability Crime Barriers to Housing and Services Living Environment Deprivation

Each domain is weighted and combined to create a single deprivation score, which is then used to rank all LSOAs in England from the most deprived to the least deprived.

The IMD is widely used by government and organizations to allocate resources, target interventions, and develop policies aimed at reducing deprivation and improving quality of life in the most deprived areas.

CPRD Aurum linked small area level socio-demographic and socio-economic data mapped to the postcode of the patient, including the Index of Multiple Deprivation, Carstairs Index and Townsend Deprivation Index.

CPRD Aurum linked small area level socio-demographic and socio-economic data mapped to the postcode of the GP practice, including the Index of Multiple Deprivation and Carstairs Index.

Please note that Deprivation Ranks are released at Lower Super Output Area/Data Zone level and are not for each individual postcode.

The first resource below provides a list of all 2011 census frozen postcodes across the UK as well as the:

• Postcode's location in the UK (British National Grid, Irish Grid, Latitude-Longitude)
• Total persons recorded in that postcode
• Female or male breakdown of the postcode
• Number of occupied households in that postcode
• The Lower Super Output Area or Data Zone in which the postcode resides
• The Output Area or Small Area in which the postcode resides
• The Output Area's Classification:
  • OAC Supergroup (codes and names)
  • OAC Group (codes and names)
  • OAC Subgroups (codes and names)
• The Deprivation Ranks of the LSOA/DZ:
  • 2014 Welsh Index of Multiple Deprivation (WIMD) Rank for 2011 LSOAs
  • 2015 English Index of Multiple Deprivation (EIMD) Score, Rank and Decile for 2011 LSOAs
  • 2016 Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation (SIMD) Rank for 2011 Data Zones
  • 2017 Northern Irish Multiple Deprivation Measures (NIMDM) Rank for SOAs
  • Townsend Deprivation Index score and quintile of LSOAs and Data Zones
  • Townsend Deprivation Index score and quintile of Output Areas and Small Areas

Suppressed postcodes in Northern Ireland

For confidentiality reasons, counts were suppressed for postcodes that had less than 10 usual residents and had only 1, 2 or 3 households in them.

The Registrar General took steps to ensure that the confidentiality of respondents was fully protected. Accordingly, all published results from the 2011 Census (including those relating to Postcodes) were subject to statistical processes to ensure that individuals could not be identified. For these postcodes, averages were taken at Postcode District level and released in a separate table, which can be found below.

Missing postcodes

These postcodes are based upon the sets of enumeration postcodes provided by the three UK census agencies. Enumeration postcodes are a subset of the complete set of live postcodes at the time of the 2011 Census. These are aggregated to create census output areas, which are themselves aggregated to create most other census geographies.

Only postcodes with at least one resident person are included. Many postcodes, such as those assigned to businesses, don't have any resident populations and so won't appear in the table.

Postcodes are quite volatile; new postcodes are created and old ones are terminated regularly. Existing/live postcodes can also change through the addition or removal of delivery points. The ONSPD records all live and terminated postcodes. Each postcode has a date of introduction and, if relevant, a date of termination. Things are complicated further because postcodes can be re-used, so a postcode can be terminated and then reappear with a new date of introduction, replacing/removing the record for the previous instance of the postcode. Postcodes that weren't current at the time of the census also won't appear in the table.

CPRD GOLD linked small area level socio-demographic and socio-economic data mapped to the postcode of the patient, including the Index of Multiple Deprivation, Carstairs Index and Townsend Deprivation Index.

Patient postcode linked measures are available for patients in English practices that have consented to participate in the linkage scheme. The latest available patient postcode of residence is mapped to an LSOA boundary. The LSOA of residence then allows linkage to several measures of area level deprivation and a rural-urban classification. These measures can be used as a proxy for socio-demographic and socio-economic data which are generally poorly recorded in the primary care data given they do not directly relate to a patient's care. Access is provided by CPRD subject to protocol approval. Further information is available at https://www.cprd.com/linked-data.

This dataset presents the latest relative measures of deprivation across England, compiling data for 33,755 LSOAs using the Index of Multiple Deprivation 2025 (IMD25) framework. It includes:

A ranking of neighbourhoods from most to least deprived, enabling comparative analysis rather than absolute measurement. Seven domain indices (Income; Employment; Education, Skills & Training; Health Deprivation & Disability; Crime; Barriers to Housing & Services; Living Environment) which are weighted and aggregated to form the overall IMD25. Two supplementary indices: the Income Deprivation Affecting Children Index (IDACI) and the Income Deprivation Affecting Older People Index (IDAOPI) Summary data for higher-level geographies (Local Authority Districts, Integrated Care Boards, etc) derived from the LSOA data.

Geographic unit: Postcodes.Data for the IoD is modelled at LSOA level. This dataset contains the postcodes within each LSOA and will report on the LSOA scores and ranks as well as provide the values for the respective local authority.

Temporal Reference This is a cross-sectional release representing a “snapshot” of relative deprivation. While previous versions (e.g., IoD2019) exist, changes to methodology, indicators and geographies mean that direct time-series comparisons should be approached with caution.

Purpose / Use Cases

To identify and compare areas of relative deprivation across England at small-area level. To support resource allocation, policymaking, service planning, and funding applications by local and national organisations. To explore the different domains of deprivation and their spatial patterns.

Caveats & Limitations

The indices measure relative deprivation only. A rank of “1” identifies the most deprived area relative to others, but this does not quantify the absolute extent of deprivation. The dataset does not identify deprived individuals nor does it measure affluence. Comparisons over time (especially across versions) are limited because of changes to data sources, indicator definitions, and geography. The data apply exclusively to England and should not be directly compared with similar indices from Wales, Scotland or Northern Ireland.

Methodological Summary

Indicators: 55 indicators used in this version (an increase from 39 in IoD2019) including new and revised measures of income benefit claimants, pupil absence, broadband connectivity, energy performance certificates, access to private gardens, noise pollution, and more. Domain weights: Income 22.5%; Employment 22.5%; Education/Skills 13.5%; Health 13.5%; Crime 9.3%; Barriers to Housing & Services 9.3%; Living Environment 9.3%. Extensive quality assurance and validation of indicators and inputs has been conducted.

View full release on GOV.UK

These indicators are designed to accompany the SHMI publication. The SHMI methodology does not make any adjustment for deprivation. This is because adjusting for deprivation might create the impression that a higher death rate for those who are more deprived is acceptable. Patient records are assigned to 1 of 5 deprivation groups (called quintiles) using the Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD). The deprivation quintile cannot be calculated for some records e.g. because the patient's postcode is unknown or they are not resident in England. Contextual indicators on the percentage of provider spells and deaths reported in the SHMI belonging to each deprivation quintile are produced to support the interpretation of the SHMI. Notes: 1. As of the July 2020 publication, COVID-19 activity has been excluded from the SHMI. The SHMI is not designed for this type of pandemic activity and the statistical modelling used to calculate the SHMI may not be as robust if such activity were included. Activity that is being coded as COVID-19, and therefore excluded, is monitored in a new contextual indicator 'Percentage of provider spells with COVID-19 coding' which is part of this publication. 2. Please note that there has been a fall in the number of spells for most trusts between this publication and the previous SHMI publication, ranging from 1 per cent to 5 per cent. This is due to COVID-19 impacting on activity from March 2020 onwards and appears to be an accurate reflection of hospital activity rather than a case of missing data. 3. There is a shortfall in the number of records for University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust (trust code RHM). Values for these trusts are based on incomplete data and should therefore be interpreted with caution. 4. Day cases and regular day attenders are excluded from the SHMI. However, some day cases for University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (trust code RRV) have been incorrectly classified as ordinary admissions meaning that they have been included in the SHMI. Maidstone and Tunbridge Wells NHS Trust (trust code RWF) has submitted a number of records with a patient classification of ‘day case’ or ‘regular day attender’ and an intended management value of ‘patient to stay in hospital for at least one night’. This mismatch has resulted in the patient classification being updated to ‘ordinary admission’ by the HES data cleaning rules. This may have resulted in the number of ordinary admissions being overstated. The trust has been contacted to clarify what the correct patient classification is for these records. Values for these trusts should therefore be interpreted with caution. 5. Further information on data quality can be found in the SHMI background quality report, which can be downloaded from the 'Resources' section of the publication page. 6. This tool is in Microsoft PowerBI which does not fully support all accessibility needs. You can find the source data on this page. If you need further assistance, please contact us for help.

The general practice postcode linkage includes several well-known area-based measures of deprivation, including the Index of Multiple Deprivation, Townsend Deprivation Index and Carstairs Index, and Rural-Urban Classification, which are available at the LSOA level for linkage to CPRD primary care data through the practice postcode. Additionally, Sub-Integrated Care Board Locations (Sub-ICB Locs) pseudonym (practice level, England-only) is available.

The general practice postcode linkages are available for all practices in CPRD GOLD and CPRD Aurum and use the general practice postcode which is linked via LSOA, SOA in Northern Ireland and datazone (DZ) in Scotland. The general practice postcode linkage includes several well-known area-based measures of deprivation, including the Index of Multiple Deprivation, Townsend Deprivation Index and Carstairs Index, and Rural-Urban Classification, which are available at the LSOA level for linkage to CPRD primary care data through the practice postcode. Additionally, Sub-Integrated Care Board Locations (Sub-ICB Locs) pseudonym (practice level, England-only) is available. Access is provided by CPRD subject to protocol approval. Further information is available at https://www.cprd.com/linked-data.

The Index of multiple deprivation (IMD) combines information from the English Indices of deprivation (IoD). It is the Government's official measure of relative deprivation for LSOAs (Lower layer super output areas). LSOAs are small geographical areas of approximately 1,700 people. There are 128 LSOAs in Calderdale. The IoD is a set of relative measures of deprivation for LSOAs across England, based on seven different domains of deprivation: Income, Employment, Education skills and training, Health and disability, Crime, Barriers to housing and services, and Living environment. There are also seven domain level indices and two supplementary indices - Income deprivation affecting children index (IDACI) and Income deprivation affecting older people index (IDAOPI). It is published every three to five years. IMD 2019 results were published on 26 September 2019. Calderdale results are available, using the dashboard link on this page. More information is available at Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local government: English Indices of deprivation 2019. See also: IoD Infographic and themed factsheets below IoD opendata for LSOAs (Lower layer super output areas) and wards below IoD 2019 factsheets for each ward can be found on the individual ward factsheets. Children's Centre Boundary areas data set for a postcode checker tool which includes IMD 2019 decile for each LSOA in the children's centre reach area. Calderdale areas by postcode dataset for a list of postcodes in Calderdale, their ward, and the IMD 2019 decile for their LSOA. Exploring local income deprivation - new animation by the Office for National Statistics about income deprivation at neighbourhood level as shown by the English Index of Income Deprivation 2019 Data and Resources IoD 2019 guide and glossary Guide and glossary to English Indices of deprivation 2019 dashboard.

National and regional level headline entry and attainment measures for the latest year broken down by Income Deprivation Affecting Children Indices (IDACI) decile and degree of rurality - based on pupil postcode rather than location of the school. State-funded school pupils only.

The English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) study is a longitudinal survey of ageing and quality of life among older people that explores the dynamic relationships between health and functioning, social networks and participation, and economic position as people plan for, move into and progress beyond retirement. The main objectives of ELSA are to:construct waves of accessible and well-documented panel data;provide these data in a convenient and timely fashion to the scientific and policy research community;describe health trajectories, disability and healthy life expectancy in a representative sample of the English population aged 50 and over;examine the relationship between economic position and health;investigate the determinants of economic position in older age;describe the timing of retirement and post-retirement labour market activity; andunderstand the relationships between social support, household structure and the transfer of assets.Further information may be found on the the ELSA project website or the Natcen Social Research: ELSA web pages.Health conditions research with ELSA - June 2021 The ELSA Data team have found some issues with historical data measuring health conditions. If you are intending to do any analysis looking at the following health conditions, then please contact elsadata@natcen.ac.uk for advice on how you should approach your analysis. The affected conditions are: eye conditions (glaucoma; diabetic eye disease; macular degeneration; cataract), CVD conditions (high blood pressure; angina; heart attack; Congestive Heart Failure; heart murmur; abnormal heart rhythm; diabetes; stroke; high cholesterol; other heart trouble) and chronic health conditions (chronic lung disease; asthma; arthritis; osteoporosis; cancer; Parkinson's Disease; emotional, nervous or psychiatric problems; Alzheimer's Disease; dementia; malignant blood disorder; multiple sclerosis or motor neurone disease).Secure Access Data:Secure Access versions of ELSA have more restrictive access conditions than versions available under the standard End User Licence or Special Licence (see 'Access' section below).Secure Access versions of ELSA include:Primary Data from Wave 8 onwards (SN 8444) includes all the variables in the SL primary dataset (SN 8346) as well as day of birth, combined SIC 2003 code (5 digit), combined SOC 2000 code (4 digit), NS-SEC long version including and excluding unclassifiable and non-workers.Pension Age Data from Wave 8 onwards (SN 8445) includes all the variables in the SL pension age data (SN 8375) as well as year reached pension age variable.Detailed geographical identifier files for each wave, grouped by identifier held under SN 8423 (Index of Multiple Deprivation Score), SN 8424 (Local Authority District Pre-2009 Boundaries), SN 8438 (Local Authority District Post-2009 Boundaries), SN 8425 (Census 2001 Lower Layer Super Output Areas), SN 8434 (Census 2011 Lower Layer Super Output Areas), SN 8426(Census 2001 Middle Layer Super Output Areas), SN 8435 (Census 2011 Middle Layer Super Output Areas), SN 8427 (Population Density for Postcode Sectors), SN 8428 (Census 2001 Rural-Urban Indicators), SN 8436 (Census 2011 Rural-Urban Indicators).Where boundary changes have occurred, the geographic identifier has been split into two separate studies to reduce the risk of disclosure. Users are also only allowed one version of each identifier:either SN 8424 (Local Authority District Pre-2009 Boundaries) or SN 8438 (Local Authority District Post-2009 Boundaries)either SN 8425 (Census 2001 Lower Layer Super Output Areas) or SN 8434 (Census 2011 Lower Layer Super Output Areas)either SN 8426 (Census 2001 Middle Layer Super Output Areas) or SN 8435 (Census 2011 Middle Layer Super Output Areas)either SN 8428 (Census 2001 Rural-Urban Indicators) or SN 8436 (Census 2011 Rural-Urban Indicators) English Longitudinal Study of Ageing: Waves 1-10, 2002-2023: Index of Multiple Deprivation Score: Secure Access This dataset contains an Index of Multiple Deprivation Score variable for each Wave of ELSA to date, and a unique individual serial number variable is also included for matching to the main data files. These data have more restrictive access conditions than those available under the standard End User Licence or Special Licence (see 'Access' section). Latest edition informationFor the second edition (October 2024), data for waves 9 and 10 have been added to the study and data for waves 1 to 8 have been updated. This dataset contains an Index of Multiple Deprivation Score variable for each Wave of ELSA to date, as well as a unique individual serial number variable for matching to the main data files.

This file contains the National Statistics Postcode Lookup (NSPL) for the United Kingdom as at May 2022 in Comma Separated Variable (CSV) and ASCII text (TXT) formats. To download the zip file click the Download button. The NSPL relates both current and terminated postcodes to a range of current statutory geographies via ‘best-fit’ allocation from the 2011 Census Output Areas (national parks and Workplace Zones are exempt from ‘best-fit’ and use ‘exact-fit’ allocations). It supports the production of area based statistics from postcoded data. The NSPL is produced by ONS Geography, who provide geographic support to the Office for National Statistics (ONS) and geographic services used by other organisations. The NSPL is issued quarterly. (File size - 196 MB).

The Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) is one of a set of English indices of deprivation, and are released by the Department for Communities and Local Government every three to five years. The latest statistics are for 2015, and use data from 2012 to 2013. IMD results are sometimes used as criteria for external funding bids (eg Big Lottery).

IMD 2015 is the Government’s official measure of relative deprivation for LSOAs. LSOAs are small geographic areas of approximately 1,500 people, and there are 128 LSOAs in Calderdale.

The data is provided at Lower layer Super Output Area (LSOA), Neighbourhood and Ward levels in Calderdale. It shows rank, decile and percentage compared with 38,824 LSOAs in England.

IMD 2015 was published in September 2015 and replaces previous IMD publications. More information is available from Department for Communities and Local Government (DCLG) English indices of deprivation 2015 .

See also:

• The DCLG has published a free online tool to help locate the IMD 2015 results and LSOA for each postcode. Indices of Deprivation 2015 explorer ;
• Calderdale LSOAs, broken down into postcodes can be downloaded from LSOAs by postcode ;
• IMD 2015 factsheets for each ward can be found on the individual ward datasets .

The German Index of Socioeconomic Deprivation (GISD) is an index developed at the Robert Koch Institute to measure regional socioeconomic disadvantage. It is used to highlight regional socio-economic inequalities in health and to identify starting points for explaining regional differences in health. The GISD makes it possible to investigate socio-economic differences in health chances, disease and death risks in Germany even if the relevant health data do not contain information on socio-economic status at the individual level. Information on the education, employment and income situation in districts and municipalities from the INKAR database is used to generate the GISD. It is generated at the level of the municipalities and is provided for the spatial references municipalities, municipal associations, urban and rural districts, spatial planning regions, NUTS 2 and postcode areas in a population-weighted aggregated manner. The weighting of the indicators is carried out via main component analyses within the subdimensions. The currently available data refer to the area as at 31.12.2019 and contain values from 1998 to 2019.

From 1 April 2018, LTT replaced Stamp Duty Land Tax (SDLT) on residential and non-residential property and land interests purchased in Wales. The tax rates and tax bands for LTT vary depending on the type of transaction. Taxpayers must notify the WRA of all land transactions with a value above £40,000. There are also circumstances where certain lease transactions are not notifiable if they are less than 7 years in duration. When filing an LTT return, the organisation paying the return has 30 days after the effective date to submit and pay the return. This dataset includes estimates of LTT notifiable residential transactions received by the WRA by the close of 21 April 2025. Non-residential statistics cannot be reliably produced as identification of the correct deprivation area relies on the postcode to be provided for the property and land items as part of each transaction. As there is an inherent bias in the cases where missing or invalid postcodes are provided towards larger non-residential transactions, their results are not sufficiently complete or meaningful to be published. The dataset includes a breakdown by: - transaction type: residential only but (including sub-categories for main rate and higher rate transactions) - Deprivation area: areas that represent a division of Wales into ten approximately equally populated areas, known as deciles, using deprivation ranks attributed to the nearly 2000 small areas in Wales (called Lower Super Output Areas), as measured by the Welsh Index of Multiple Deprivation (WIMD). WIMD decile (or tenth) 1 is the most deprived, down to WIMD decile (or tenth) 10, which is the least deprived. - measure: number of transactions, tax due, value of property taxed, average tax due per transaction and average value of property taxed - effective year (financial) WIMD ranks were updated recently (2019). We have used these latest WIMD ranks in this release. Each update of WIMD ranks is designed to last for around three to six years. When we first published this analysis last year, we used 2014 WIMD ranks. There is a relatively small proportion of residential transactions where the postcode provided for the property and land items is missing or invalid. This means that the deprivation area cannot be allocated. For comparability, the area totals shown in this dataset therefore relate only to those transactions where the deprivation is known, and for that reason will not match the Wales total shown in other datasets. A full explanation of how this dataset should be interpreted, especially in the context of higher rates transactions, can be found here: https://gov.wales/welsh-revenue-authority-local-area-statistics-2022-2023-explained-html

This is the ONS Postcode Directory (ONSPD) for the United Kingdom as at February 2024 in Comma Separated Variable (CSV) and ASCII text (TXT) formats. This file contains the multi CSVs so that postcode areas can be opened in MS Excel. To download the zip file click the Download button. The ONSPD relates both current and terminated postcodes in the United Kingdom to a range of current statutory administrative, electoral, health and other area geographies. It also links postcodes to pre-2002 health areas, 1991 Census enumeration districts for England and Wales, 2001 Census Output Areas (OA) and Super Output Areas (SOA) for England and Wales, 2001 Census OAs and SOAs for Northern Ireland and 2001 Census OAs and Data Zones (DZ) for Scotland. It now contains 2021 Census OAs and SOAs for England, Wales and Northern Ireland. It helps support the production of area-based statistics from postcoded data. The ONSPD is produced by ONS Geography, who provide geographic support to the Office for National Statistics (ONS) and geographic services used by other organisations. The ONSPD is issued quarterly. (File size - 231 MB) Please note that this product contains Royal Mail, Gridlink, LPS (Northern Ireland), Ordnance Survey and ONS Intellectual Property Rights.