CPRD Aurum linked small area level socio-demographic and socio-economic data mapped to the postcode of the patient, including the Index of Multiple Deprivation, Carstairs Index and Townsend Deprivation Index.

This dataset provides detailed information on the 2019 Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) for Birmingham, UK. The data is available at the postcode level and includes the Lower Layer Super Output Area (LSOA) information.Data is provided at the LSOA 2011 Census geography.The decile score ranges from 1-10 with decile 1 representing the most deprived 10% of areas while decile 10 representing the least deprived 10% of areas.The IMD rank and decile score is allocated to the LSOA and all postcodes within it at the time of creation (2019).Note that some postcodes cross over LSOA boundaries. The Office for National Statistics sets boundaries for LSOAs and allocates every postcode to one LSOA only: this is the one which contains the majority of residents in that postcode area (as at 2011 Census).

The Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) is a measure used in the UK to assess the relative deprivation of small areas, known as Lower-layer Super Output Areas (LSOAs). It combines information from seven different domains to provide an overall deprivation score for each area. These domains are:

Income Deprivation Employment Deprivation Education, Skills, and Training Deprivation Health Deprivation and Disability Crime Barriers to Housing and Services Living Environment Deprivation

Each domain is weighted and combined to create a single deprivation score, which is then used to rank all LSOAs in England from the most deprived to the least deprived.

The IMD is widely used by government and organizations to allocate resources, target interventions, and develop policies aimed at reducing deprivation and improving quality of life in the most deprived areas.

CPRD Aurum linked small area level socio-demographic and socio-economic data mapped to the postcode of the GP practice, including the Index of Multiple Deprivation and Carstairs Index.

CPRD GOLD linked small area level socio-demographic and socio-economic data mapped to the postcode of the patient, including the Index of Multiple Deprivation, Carstairs Index and Townsend Deprivation Index.

Patient postcode linked measures are available for patients in English practices that have consented to participate in the linkage scheme. Data are linked via Lower Super Output Area (LSOA), Super Output Area (SOA) in Northern Ireland and datazone (DZ) in Scotland. The latest available patient postcode of residence is mapped to an LSOA boundary. The LSOA of residence then allows linkage to the following LSOA-level deprivation measures: 2004 English Index of Multiple Deprivation; 2007 English Index of Multiple Deprivation; 2010 English Index of Multiple Deprivation; 2015 English Index of Multiple Deprivation (composite and individual domains); Townsend Deprivation Index: calculated using unadjusted 2001 census data; Carstairs Index using 2011 census data.

Data are provided as quintiles, deciles or twentiles of the deprivation score to prevent disclosure of patient location. In order to prevent the possibility of deductive disclosure of a patients’ area of residence, researchers will only be provided with one of the above linked datasets for any one study.

Please note that Deprivation Ranks are released at Lower Super Output Area/Data Zone level and are not for each individual postcode.

The first resource below provides a list of all 2011 census frozen postcodes across the UK as well as the:

• Postcode's location in the UK (British National Grid, Irish Grid, Latitude-Longitude)
• Total persons recorded in that postcode
• Female or male breakdown of the postcode
• Number of occupied households in that postcode
• The Lower Super Output Area or Data Zone in which the postcode resides
• The Output Area or Small Area in which the postcode resides
• The Output Area's Classification:
  • OAC Supergroup (codes and names)
  • OAC Group (codes and names)
  • OAC Subgroups (codes and names)
• The Deprivation Ranks of the LSOA/DZ:
  • 2014 Welsh Index of Multiple Deprivation (WIMD) Rank for 2011 LSOAs
  • 2015 English Index of Multiple Deprivation (EIMD) Score, Rank and Decile for 2011 LSOAs
  • 2016 Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation (SIMD) Rank for 2011 Data Zones
  • 2017 Northern Irish Multiple Deprivation Measures (NIMDM) Rank for SOAs
  • Townsend Deprivation Index score and quintile of LSOAs and Data Zones
  • Townsend Deprivation Index score and quintile of Output Areas and Small Areas

Suppressed postcodes in Northern Ireland

For confidentiality reasons, counts were suppressed for postcodes that had less than 10 usual residents and had only 1, 2 or 3 households in them.

The Registrar General took steps to ensure that the confidentiality of respondents was fully protected. Accordingly, all published results from the 2011 Census (including those relating to Postcodes) were subject to statistical processes to ensure that individuals could not be identified. For these postcodes, averages were taken at Postcode District level and released in a separate table, which can be found below.

Missing postcodes

These postcodes are based upon the sets of enumeration postcodes provided by the three UK census agencies. Enumeration postcodes are a subset of the complete set of live postcodes at the time of the 2011 Census. These are aggregated to create census output areas, which are themselves aggregated to create most other census geographies.

Only postcodes with at least one resident person are included. Many postcodes, such as those assigned to businesses, don't have any resident populations and so won't appear in the table.

Postcodes are quite volatile; new postcodes are created and old ones are terminated regularly. Existing/live postcodes can also change through the addition or removal of delivery points. The ONSPD records all live and terminated postcodes. Each postcode has a date of introduction and, if relevant, a date of termination. Things are complicated further because postcodes can be re-used, so a postcode can be terminated and then reappear with a new date of introduction, replacing/removing the record for the previous instance of the postcode. Postcodes that weren't current at the time of the census also won't appear in the table.

CPRD GOLD linked small area level socio-demographic and socio-economic data mapped to the postcode of the GP practice, including the Index of Multiple Deprivation and Carstairs Index

The Townsend Deprivation Index is a measure of material deprivation first introduced by Peter Townsend in 1987. A Townsend score can be calculated using a combination of four census variables for any geographical area (provided census data is available for that area). The measure has been widely used in research for health, education and crime to establish whether relationships exist with deprivation. The Townsend scores below were calculated for the UK based on data from the 2011 Census and include a discussion with geographical visualisations of the findings.

The general practice postcode linkages are available for all practices in CPRD GOLD and CPRD Aurum and use the general practice postcode which is linked via LSOA, SOA in Northern Ireland and datazone (DZ) in Scotland. The general practice postcode linkage includes several well-known area-based measures of deprivation, including the Index of Multiple Deprivation, Townsend Deprivation Index and Carstairs Index, and Rural-Urban Classification, which are available at the LSOA level for linkage to CPRD primary care data through the practice postcode. Additionally, Sub-Integrated Care Board Locations (Sub-ICB Locs) pseudonym (practice level, England-only) is available. Access is provided by CPRD subject to protocol approval. Further information is available at https://www.cprd.com/linked-data.

These indicators are designed to accompany the SHMI publication. The SHMI methodology does not make any adjustment for deprivation. This is because adjusting for deprivation might create the impression that a higher death rate for those who are more deprived is acceptable. Patient records are assigned to 1 of 5 deprivation groups (called quintiles) using the Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD). The deprivation quintile cannot be calculated for some records e.g. because the patient's postcode is unknown or they are not resident in England. Contextual indicators on the percentage of provider spells and deaths reported in the SHMI belonging to each deprivation quintile are produced to support the interpretation of the SHMI. Notes: 1. On 1st January 2025, North Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust (trust code RAP) was acquired by Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust (trust code RAL). This new organisation structure is reflected from this publication onwards. 2. There is a shortfall in the number of records for Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust (trust code RTF), The Rotherham NHS Foundation Trust (trust code RFR), The Shrewsbury and Telford Hospital NHS Trust (trust code RXW), and Wirral University Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (trust code RBL). Values for these trusts are based on incomplete data and should therefore be interpreted with caution. 3. A number of trusts are now submitting Same Day Emergency Care (SDEC) data to the Emergency Care Data Set (ECDS) rather than the Admitted Patient Care (APC) dataset. The SHMI is calculated using APC data. Removal of SDEC activity from the APC data may impact a trust’s SHMI value and may increase it. More information about this is available in the Background Quality Report. 4. Further information on data quality can be found in the SHMI background quality report, which can be downloaded from the 'Resources' section of this page.

National and regional level headline entry and attainment measures for the latest year broken down by Income Deprivation Affecting Children Indices (IDACI) decile and degree of rurality - based on pupil postcode rather than location of the school. State-funded school pupils only.

The Index of multiple deprivation (IMD) combines information from the English Indices of deprivation (IoD). It is the Government's official measure of relative deprivation for LSOAs (Lower layer super output areas). LSOAs are small geographical areas of approximately 1,700 people. There are 128 LSOAs in Calderdale. The IoD is a set of relative measures of deprivation for LSOAs across England, based on seven different domains of deprivation: Income, Employment, Education skills and training, Health and disability, Crime, Barriers to housing and services, and Living environment. There are also seven domain level indices and two supplementary indices - Income deprivation affecting children index (IDACI) and Income deprivation affecting older people index (IDAOPI). It is published every three to five years. IMD 2019 results were published on 26 September 2019. Calderdale results are available, using the dashboard link on this page. More information is available at Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local government: English Indices of deprivation 2019. See also: IoD Infographic and themed factsheets below IoD opendata for LSOAs (Lower layer super output areas) and wards below IoD 2019 factsheets for each ward can be found on the individual ward factsheets. Children's Centre Boundary areas data set for a postcode checker tool which includes IMD 2019 decile for each LSOA in the children's centre reach area. Calderdale areas by postcode dataset for a list of postcodes in Calderdale, their ward, and the IMD 2019 decile for their LSOA. Exploring local income deprivation - new animation by the Office for National Statistics about income deprivation at neighbourhood level as shown by the English Index of Income Deprivation 2019 Data and Resources IoD 2019 guide and glossary Guide and glossary to English Indices of deprivation 2019 dashboard.

The Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) is one of a set of English indices of deprivation, and are released by the Department for Communities and Local Government every three to five years. The latest statistics are for 2015, and use data from 2012 to 2013. IMD results are sometimes used as criteria for external funding bids (eg Big Lottery).

IMD 2015 is the Government’s official measure of relative deprivation for LSOAs. LSOAs are small geographic areas of approximately 1,500 people, and there are 128 LSOAs in Calderdale.

The data is provided at Lower layer Super Output Area (LSOA), Neighbourhood and Ward levels in Calderdale. It shows rank, decile and percentage compared with 38,824 LSOAs in England.

IMD 2015 was published in September 2015 and replaces previous IMD publications. More information is available from Department for Communities and Local Government (DCLG) English indices of deprivation 2015 .

See also:

• The DCLG has published a free online tool to help locate the IMD 2015 results and LSOA for each postcode. Indices of Deprivation 2015 explorer ;
• Calderdale LSOAs, broken down into postcodes can be downloaded from LSOAs by postcode ;
• IMD 2015 factsheets for each ward can be found on the individual ward datasets .

The English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) study is a longitudinal survey of ageing and quality of life among older people that explores the dynamic relationships between health and functioning, social networks and participation, and economic position as people plan for, move into and progress beyond retirement. The main objectives of ELSA are to:construct waves of accessible and well-documented panel data;provide these data in a convenient and timely fashion to the scientific and policy research community;describe health trajectories, disability and healthy life expectancy in a representative sample of the English population aged 50 and over;examine the relationship between economic position and health;investigate the determinants of economic position in older age;describe the timing of retirement and post-retirement labour market activity; andunderstand the relationships between social support, household structure and the transfer of assets.Further information may be found on the the ELSA project website or the Natcen Social Research: ELSA web pages.Health conditions research with ELSA - June 2021 The ELSA Data team have found some issues with historical data measuring health conditions. If you are intending to do any analysis looking at the following health conditions, then please contact elsadata@natcen.ac.uk for advice on how you should approach your analysis. The affected conditions are: eye conditions (glaucoma; diabetic eye disease; macular degeneration; cataract), CVD conditions (high blood pressure; angina; heart attack; Congestive Heart Failure; heart murmur; abnormal heart rhythm; diabetes; stroke; high cholesterol; other heart trouble) and chronic health conditions (chronic lung disease; asthma; arthritis; osteoporosis; cancer; Parkinson's Disease; emotional, nervous or psychiatric problems; Alzheimer's Disease; dementia; malignant blood disorder; multiple sclerosis or motor neurone disease).Secure Access Data:Secure Access versions of ELSA have more restrictive access conditions than versions available under the standard End User Licence or Special Licence (see 'Access' section below).Secure Access versions of ELSA include:Primary Data from Wave 8 onwards (SN 8444) includes all the variables in the SL primary dataset (SN 8346) as well as day of birth, combined SIC 2003 code (5 digit), combined SOC 2000 code (4 digit), NS-SEC long version including and excluding unclassifiable and non-workers.Pension Age Data from Wave 8 onwards (SN 8445) includes all the variables in the SL pension age data (SN 8375) as well as year reached pension age variable.Detailed geographical identifier files for each wave, grouped by identifier held under SN 8423 (Index of Multiple Deprivation Score), SN 8424 (Local Authority District Pre-2009 Boundaries), SN 8438 (Local Authority District Post-2009 Boundaries), SN 8425 (Census 2001 Lower Layer Super Output Areas), SN 8434 (Census 2011 Lower Layer Super Output Areas), SN 8426(Census 2001 Middle Layer Super Output Areas), SN 8435 (Census 2011 Middle Layer Super Output Areas), SN 8427 (Population Density for Postcode Sectors), SN 8428 (Census 2001 Rural-Urban Indicators), SN 8436 (Census 2011 Rural-Urban Indicators).Where boundary changes have occurred, the geographic identifier has been split into two separate studies to reduce the risk of disclosure. Users are also only allowed one version of each identifier:either SN 8424 (Local Authority District Pre-2009 Boundaries) or SN 8438 (Local Authority District Post-2009 Boundaries)either SN 8425 (Census 2001 Lower Layer Super Output Areas) or SN 8434 (Census 2011 Lower Layer Super Output Areas)either SN 8426 (Census 2001 Middle Layer Super Output Areas) or SN 8435 (Census 2011 Middle Layer Super Output Areas)either SN 8428 (Census 2001 Rural-Urban Indicators) or SN 8436 (Census 2011 Rural-Urban Indicators) English Longitudinal Study of Ageing: Waves 1-10, 2002-2023: Index of Multiple Deprivation Score: Secure Access This dataset contains an Index of Multiple Deprivation Score variable for each Wave of ELSA to date, and a unique individual serial number variable is also included for matching to the main data files. These data have more restrictive access conditions than those available under the standard End User Licence or Special Licence (see 'Access' section). Latest edition informationFor the second edition (October 2024), data for waves 9 and 10 have been added to the study and data for waves 1 to 8 have been updated. This dataset contains an Index of Multiple Deprivation Score variable for each Wave of ELSA to date, as well as a unique individual serial number variable for matching to the main data files.

The English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) study is a longitudinal survey of ageing and quality of life among older people that explores the dynamic relationships between health and functioning, social networks and participation, and economic position as people plan for, move into and progress beyond retirement. The main objectives of ELSA are to:

construct waves of accessible and well-documented panel data; provide these data in a convenient and timely fashion to the scientific and policy research community; describe health trajectories, disability and healthy life expectancy in a representative sample of the English population aged 50 and over; examine the relationship between economic position and health; nvestigate the determinants of economic position in older age; describe the timing of retirement and post-retirement labour market activity; and understand the relationships between social support, household structure and the transfer of assets.

Further information may be found on the the ELSA project website or the Natcen Social Research: ELSA web pages. Health conditions research with ELSA - June 2021 The ELSA Data team have found some issues with historical data measuring health conditions. If you are intending to do any analysis looking at the following health conditions, then please contact the ELSA Data team at NatCen on elsadata@natcen.ac.uk for advice on how you should approach your analysis. The affected conditions are: eye conditions (glaucoma; diabetic eye disease; macular degeneration; cataract), CVD conditions (high blood pressure; angina; heart attack; Congestive Heart Failure; heart murmur; abnormal heart rhythm; diabetes; stroke; high cholesterol; other heart trouble) and chronic health conditions (chronic lung disease; asthma; arthritis; osteoporosis; cancer; Parkinson's Disease; emotional, nervous or psychiatric problems; Alzheimer's Disease; dementia; malignant blood disorder; multiple sclerosis or motor neurone disease). Special Licence Data: Special Licence Access versions of ELSA have more restrictive access conditions than versions available under the standard End User Licence (see 'Access' section below). Users are advised to obtain the latest edition of SN 5050 (the End User Licence version) before making an application for Special Licence data, to see whether that is suitable for their needs. A separate application must be made for each Special Licence study. Special Licence Access versions of ELSA include:

Primary data from Wave 8 onwards (SN 8346) includes all the variables in the EUL primary dataset (SN 5050) as well as year and month of birth, consolidated ethnicity and country of birth, marital status, and more detailed medical history variables. Wave 8 Pension Age Data (SN 8375) includes all the variables in the EUL pension age data (SN 5050) as well as year and age reached state pension age variables. Wave 8 Sexual Self-Completion Data (SN 8376) includes sensitive variables from the sexual self-completion questionnaire. Wave 3 (2007) Harmonized Life History (SN 8831) includes retrospective information on previous histories, specifically, detailed data on previous partnership, children, residential, health, and work histories. Detailed geographical identifier files for Waves 1-10 which are grouped by identifier held under SN 8429 (Local Authority District Pre-2009 Boundaries), SN 8439 (Local Authority District Post-2009 Boundaries), SN 8430 (Local Authority Type Pre-2009 Boundaries), SN 8441 (Local Authority Type Post-2009 Boundaries), SN 8431 (Quintile Index of Multiple Deprivation Score), SN 8432 (Quintile Population Density for Postcode Sectors), SN 8433 (Census 2001 Rural-Urban Indicators), SN 8437 (Census 2011 Rural-Urban Indicators).

Where boundary changes have occurred, the geographic identifier has been split into two separate studies to reduce the risk of disclosure. Users are also only allowed one version of each identifier:

either SN 8429 (Local Authority District Pre-2009 Boundaries) or SN 8439 (Local Authority District Post-2009 Boundaries) either SN 8430 (Local Authority Type Pre-2009 Boundaries) or SN 8441(Local Authority Type Post-2009 Boundaries) either SN 8433 (Census 2001 Rural-Urban Indicators) or SN 8437 (Census 2011 Rural-Urban Indicators)

ELSA Wave 6 and Wave 8 Self-Completion Questionnaires included an open-ended question where respondents could add any other comments they may wish to note down. These responses have been transcribed and anonymised. Researchers can request access to these transcribed responses for research purposes by contacting the ELSA Data Team at NatCen.

This section describes the mental health, housing, sociodemographic and environment variables and the data sources from which they are derived. All data comes from open-source databases. Where possible, data from 2015 has been used to match ONS data on indices of deprivation (only available in 2010, 2015 and 2019). Data from 2015 was not available for EPCs, household size, and environmental exposures.Clinical mental health data is available from the Place-based Longitudinal Data Resource (PLDR), managed by the University of Liverpool, which provides annual data from a variety of sources (e.g. hospital admissions data, budgetary data, prescribing data) at LSOA level. It is used by researchers, practitioners, and government to track changes in health indicators over time. https://pldr.org/search?type=dataset Housing and home energy efficiency data is derived from EPCs, a requirement for homes built, sold, or rented since the introduction of the policy in 2008 (HM Government 2024). EPC data were aggregated using medians, modes, and proportions at LSOA level for this study. The EPC dataset is comprised of 24,736,816 homes, with EPCs recorded between 1st October 2008 and 31st May 2023. For homes with multiple EPCs (N=3,798,313), the most recent is used, but missing data is filled from the most recent previous certificates. EPCs were linked to 2011 census LSOAs by postcode using the National Statistics Postcode Lookup (ONS 2022). https://epc.opendatacommunities.org/Demographic data such as age, gender and deprivation indicators originate from the 2011 census or other Office for National Statistics (ONS) sources.The Access to Health Assets and Hazards (AHAH v2) dataset was used for environmental exposures including air pollution and access to green space (Daras et al. 2019). AHAH is a multi-dimensional index developed by the Consumer Data Research Centre (CDRC) for Great Britain. It is used to provide an index for how ‘healthy’ a local area is. https://pldr.org/dataset/2z9yv/ahah-version-2-access-to-healthy-assets-and-hazardsFinally, HadUK-Grid data at 1x1 km resolution was used to estimate winter (December, January and February) ambient temperatures (Met Office 2023).

The Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) is one of a set of English indices of deprivation, and are released by the Department for Communities and Local Government every three to five years. The latest statistics are for 2015, and use data from 2012 to 2013. IMD results are sometimes used as criteria for external funding bids (eg Big Lottery). IMD 2015 is the Government’s official measure of relative deprivation for LSOAs. LSOAs are small geographic areas of approximately 1,500 people, and there are 128 LSOAs in Calderdale. The data is provided at Lower layer Super Output Area (LSOA), Neighbourhood and Ward levels in Calderdale. It shows rank, decile and percentage compared with 38,824 LSOAs in England. IMD 2015 was published in September 2015 and replaces previous IMD publications. More information is available from Department for Communities and Local Government (DCLG) English indices of deprivation 2015 . See also: * The DCLG has published a free online tool to help locate the IMD 2015 results and LSOA for each postcode. Indices of Deprivation 2015 explorer ; * Calderdale LSOAs, broken down into postcodes can be downloaded from LSOAs by postcode ; * IMD 2015 factsheets for each ward can be found on the individual ward datasets .

The English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) study is a longitudinal survey of ageing and quality of life among older people that explores the dynamic relationships between health and functioning, social networks and participation, and economic position as people plan for, move into and progress beyond retirement. The main objectives of ELSA are to:construct waves of accessible and well-documented panel data;provide these data in a convenient and timely fashion to the scientific and policy research community;describe health trajectories, disability and healthy life expectancy in a representative sample of the English population aged 50 and over;examine the relationship between economic position and health;investigate the determinants of economic position in older age;describe the timing of retirement and post-retirement labour market activity; andunderstand the relationships between social support, household structure and the transfer of assets.Further information may be found on the the ELSA project website or the Natcen Social Research: ELSA web pages.Health conditions research with ELSA - June 2021 The ELSA Data team have found some issues with historical data measuring health conditions. If you are intending to do any analysis looking at the following health conditions, then please contact elsadata@natcen.ac.uk for advice on how you should approach your analysis. The affected conditions are: eye conditions (glaucoma; diabetic eye disease; macular degeneration; cataract), CVD conditions (high blood pressure; angina; heart attack; Congestive Heart Failure; heart murmur; abnormal heart rhythm; diabetes; stroke; high cholesterol; other heart trouble) and chronic health conditions (chronic lung disease; asthma; arthritis; osteoporosis; cancer; Parkinson's Disease; emotional, nervous or psychiatric problems; Alzheimer's Disease; dementia; malignant blood disorder; multiple sclerosis or motor neurone disease).Secure Access Data:Secure Access versions of ELSA have more restrictive access conditions than versions available under the standard End User Licence or Special Licence (see 'Access' section below).Secure Access versions of ELSA include:Primary Data from Wave 8 onwards (SN 8444) includes all the variables in the SL primary dataset (SN 8346) as well as day of birth, combined SIC 2003 code (5 digit), combined SOC 2000 code (4 digit), NS-SEC long version including and excluding unclassifiable and non-workers.Pension Age Data from Wave 8 onwards (SN 8445) includes all the variables in the SL pension age data (SN 8375) as well as year reached pension age variable.Detailed geographical identifier files for each wave, grouped by identifier held under SN 8423 (Index of Multiple Deprivation Score), SN 8424 (Local Authority District Pre-2009 Boundaries), SN 8438 (Local Authority District Post-2009 Boundaries), SN 8425 (Census 2001 Lower Layer Super Output Areas), SN 8434 (Census 2011 Lower Layer Super Output Areas), SN 8426(Census 2001 Middle Layer Super Output Areas), SN 8435 (Census 2011 Middle Layer Super Output Areas), SN 8427 (Population Density for Postcode Sectors), SN 8428 (Census 2001 Rural-Urban Indicators), SN 8436 (Census 2011 Rural-Urban Indicators).Where boundary changes have occurred, the geographic identifier has been split into two separate studies to reduce the risk of disclosure. Users are also only allowed one version of each identifier:either SN 8424 (Local Authority District Pre-2009 Boundaries) or SN 8438 (Local Authority District Post-2009 Boundaries)either SN 8425 (Census 2001 Lower Layer Super Output Areas) or SN 8434 (Census 2011 Lower Layer Super Output Areas)either SN 8426 (Census 2001 Middle Layer Super Output Areas) or SN 8435 (Census 2011 Middle Layer Super Output Areas)either SN 8428 (Census 2001 Rural-Urban Indicators) or SN 8436 (Census 2011 Rural-Urban Indicators)

English Longitudinal Study of Ageing: Waves 1-10, 2002-2023: Population Density for Postcode Sectors: Secure Access This dataset contains a Population Density for Postcode Sectors variable for each Wave of ELSA to date, and an unique individual serial number variable is also included for matching to the main data files. These data have more restrictive access conditions than those available under the standard End User Licence or Special Licence (see 'Access' section). Latest edition informationFor the second edition (October 2024), data for waves 9 and 10 have been added to the study and data for waves 1 to 8 have been updated.

This dataset contains a Population Density for Postcode Sectors variable for each Wave of ELSA to date, as well as a unique individual serial number variable for matching to the main data files.