Annual estimates of paid hours worked and earnings for UK employees by sex, and full-time and part-time, by home-based region to local and unitary authority level.

This file contains the National Statistics Postcode Lookup (NSPL) for the United Kingdom as at August 2022 in Comma Separated Variable (CSV) and ASCII text (TXT) formats. To download the zip file click the Download button. The NSPL relates both current and terminated postcodes to a range of current statutory geographies via ‘best-fit’ allocation from the 2021 Census Output Areas (national parks and Workplace Zones are exempt from ‘best-fit’ and use ‘exact-fit’ allocations) for England and Wales. Scotland and Northern Ireland has the 2011 Census Output AreasIt supports the production of area based statistics from postcoded data. The NSPL is produced by ONS Geography, who provide geographic support to the Office for National Statistics (ONS) and geographic services used by other organisations. The NSPL is issued quarterly. (File size - 184 MB).

This dataset provides detailed information on the 2019 Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) for Birmingham, UK. The data is available at the postcode level and includes the Lower Layer Super Output Area (LSOA) information.Data is provided at the LSOA 2011 Census geography.The decile score ranges from 1-10 with decile 1 representing the most deprived 10% of areas while decile 10 representing the least deprived 10% of areas.The IMD rank and decile score is allocated to the LSOA and all postcodes within it at the time of creation (2019).Note that some postcodes cross over LSOA boundaries. The Office for National Statistics sets boundaries for LSOAs and allocates every postcode to one LSOA only: this is the one which contains the majority of residents in that postcode area (as at 2011 Census).

The English Indices of Deprivation 2019 provide a comprehensive measure of relative deprivation in small areas across England. The Income Deprivation dataset is a key component of this index, capturing the proportion of the population experiencing deprivation due to low income. This dataset includes indicators such as the number of people receiving income support, jobseeker's allowance, and other income-related benefits. It is used to identify areas with high levels of income deprivation, informing policy decisions and resource allocation to address socio-economic inequalities.

This dataset presents the latest relative measures of deprivation across England, compiling data for 33,755 LSOAs using the Index of Multiple Deprivation 2025 (IMD25) framework. It includes:

A ranking of neighbourhoods from most to least deprived, enabling comparative analysis rather than absolute measurement. Seven domain indices (Income; Employment; Education, Skills & Training; Health Deprivation & Disability; Crime; Barriers to Housing & Services; Living Environment) which are weighted and aggregated to form the overall IMD25. Two supplementary indices: the Income Deprivation Affecting Children Index (IDACI) and the Income Deprivation Affecting Older People Index (IDAOPI) Summary data for higher-level geographies (Local Authority Districts, Integrated Care Boards, etc) derived from the LSOA data.

Geographic unit: Postcodes.Data for the IoD is modelled at LSOA level. This dataset contains the postcodes within each LSOA and will report on the LSOA scores and ranks as well as provide the values for the respective local authority.

Temporal Reference This is a cross-sectional release representing a “snapshot” of relative deprivation. While previous versions (e.g., IoD2019) exist, changes to methodology, indicators and geographies mean that direct time-series comparisons should be approached with caution.

Purpose / Use Cases

To identify and compare areas of relative deprivation across England at small-area level. To support resource allocation, policymaking, service planning, and funding applications by local and national organisations. To explore the different domains of deprivation and their spatial patterns.

Caveats & Limitations

The indices measure relative deprivation only. A rank of “1” identifies the most deprived area relative to others, but this does not quantify the absolute extent of deprivation. The dataset does not identify deprived individuals nor does it measure affluence. Comparisons over time (especially across versions) are limited because of changes to data sources, indicator definitions, and geography. The data apply exclusively to England and should not be directly compared with similar indices from Wales, Scotland or Northern Ireland.

Methodological Summary

Indicators: 55 indicators used in this version (an increase from 39 in IoD2019) including new and revised measures of income benefit claimants, pupil absence, broadband connectivity, energy performance certificates, access to private gardens, noise pollution, and more. Domain weights: Income 22.5%; Employment 22.5%; Education/Skills 13.5%; Health 13.5%; Crime 9.3%; Barriers to Housing & Services 9.3%; Living Environment 9.3%. Extensive quality assurance and validation of indicators and inputs has been conducted.

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National and regional level headline entry and attainment measures for the latest year broken down by Income Deprivation Affecting Children Indices (IDACI) decile and degree of rurality - based on pupil postcode rather than location of the school. State-funded school pupils only.

The New Earnings Survey (NES) is an annual survey of the earnings of employees in Great Britain. Its primary purpose is to obtain information about the levels, distribution and make-up of earnings, and for the collective agreements that cover them.

The NES is designed to represent all categories of employees in businesses of all kinds and sizes. It provides a large amount of information on earnings and hours (including bonuses, overtime, etc) as well as industry information derived from the Inter-Departmental Business Register. It provides no information on personal characteristics of the employee apart from age and gender. Most variables are collected each year, although a few additional questions asked each year may or may not be asked in other years. The earnings, hours of work and other information relate to a specified week in April of each year.

The NES sampling frame is mainly supplied by Inland Revenue records. It is based largely on a one per cent sample of employees who are members of Pay-As-You-Earn (PAYE) income tax schemes. The PAYE sample is supplemented by data provided by large employers, using extracts from their payroll systems. A survey form is sent to employers, and completion is compulsory under the Statistics of Trade Act 1947. Some large businesses make automatic submissions direct from their electronic records.

Certain categories of employees are not selected: for example the Armed Forces, those employed in Enterprise Zones, private domestic service workers, occupational pensioners, non-salaried directors, those employed oversees, those working for their spouses, and clergymen holding pastoral appointments.

The NES was replaced by the Annual Survey of Hours and Earnings (UK Data Archive SN 6689) in 2004.

Further information on the NES can be found on the Office for National Statistics' (ONS) New Earnings Survey web page.

There are a number of issues and inconsistencies associated with the NES data. Users are advised to read the documentation carefully before using the dataset. For example, ONS advise for safety reasons that only data from 1998 onwards should be used because 1998 was the first year that annual earnings were validated properly and published.

Geographical references: postcodes
The postcodes available in these data from 1996 are pseudo-anonymised postcodes. The real postcodes are not available due to the potential risk of identification of the observations. However, these replacement postcodes retain the inherent nested characteristics of real postcodes, and will allow researchers to aggregate observations to other geographic units, e.g. wards, super output areas, etc. In the dataset, the variable of the replacement postcode is 'new_PC'.

The Index of multiple deprivation (IMD) combines information from the English Indices of deprivation (IoD). It is the Government's official measure of relative deprivation for LSOAs (Lower layer super output areas). LSOAs are small geographical areas of approximately 1,700 people. There are 128 LSOAs in Calderdale. The IoD is a set of relative measures of deprivation for LSOAs across England, based on seven different domains of deprivation: Income, Employment, Education skills and training, Health and disability, Crime, Barriers to housing and services, and Living environment. There are also seven domain level indices and two supplementary indices - Income deprivation affecting children index (IDACI) and Income deprivation affecting older people index (IDAOPI). It is published every three to five years. IMD 2019 results were published on 26 September 2019. Calderdale results are available, using the dashboard link on this page. More information is available at Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local government: English Indices of deprivation 2019. See also: IoD Infographic and themed factsheets below IoD opendata for LSOAs (Lower layer super output areas) and wards below IoD 2019 factsheets for each ward can be found on the individual ward factsheets. Children's Centre Boundary areas data set for a postcode checker tool which includes IMD 2019 decile for each LSOA in the children's centre reach area. Calderdale areas by postcode dataset for a list of postcodes in Calderdale, their ward, and the IMD 2019 decile for their LSOA. Exploring local income deprivation - new animation by the Office for National Statistics about income deprivation at neighbourhood level as shown by the English Index of Income Deprivation 2019 Data and Resources IoD 2019 guide and glossary Guide and glossary to English Indices of deprivation 2019 dashboard.

Gross domestic product (GDP) in current market prices and as chained volume measures, plus GDP per capita, for each local authority district, metropolitan district, London borough and Scottish Council area in the UK.