The share of the population that experienced severe food insecurity in Spain was estimated to be less than two percent between 2021 and 2023. There was a slight decrease in the moderate or severe degree of food insecurity in Spain during this time periods. According to the source, a person is considered food insecure when they lack regular access to enough safe and nutritious food to lead an active and healthy life.

Between 2008 and 2015, the share of the population living with less than 40 percent of the median rent per consumption unit in Spain increased significantly, from 7.4 to 11.2 percent. The downward trend experienced since 2015 ended in 2020, when the share of the population living in severe poverty was 9.5 percent, up from 9.2 percent the two previous years. In 2023, 8.3 percent of the population lived in severe poverty.

Spain - At Risk of Poverty rate was 19.70% in December of 2024, according to the EUROSTAT. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for Spain - At Risk of Poverty rate - last updated from the EUROSTAT on October of 2025. Historically, Spain - At Risk of Poverty rate reached a record high of 22.30% in December of 2016 and a record low of 19.70% in December of 2024.

During the period of time under consideration, the share of population at risk of poverty increased moderately, growing from 19.8 percent in 2009 to 20.2 in 2023. That same year, the age group at the highest risk of poverty was that under 16 years.

Spain - At Risk of Poverty rate for pensioners was 13.90% in December of 2024, according to the EUROSTAT. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for Spain - At Risk of Poverty rate for pensioners - last updated from the EUROSTAT on October of 2025. Historically, Spain - At Risk of Poverty rate for pensioners reached a record high of 16.50% in December of 2010 and a record low of 9.00% in December of 2014.

In 2023, 55.4 percent of the unemployed population in Spain were at risk of poverty or social exclusion. That is, over half of the 2.86 million unemployed people in the Mediterranean country were at risk. Among retired citizens, the at-risk-of-poverty rate rose to nearly 18 percent compared to the previous year.

Spain - At Risk of Poverty rate: From 25 to 54 years was 18.40% in December of 2024, according to the EUROSTAT. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for Spain - At Risk of Poverty rate: From 25 to 54 years - last updated from the EUROSTAT on October of 2025. Historically, Spain - At Risk of Poverty rate: From 25 to 54 years reached a record high of 23.10% in December of 2014 and a record low of 18.30% in December of 2023.

Multidimensional Poverty Headcount Ratio: World Bank: % of total population data was reported at 3.300 % in 2021. This records a decrease from the previous number of 4.200 % for 2020. Multidimensional Poverty Headcount Ratio: World Bank: % of total population data is updated yearly, averaging 3.750 % from Dec 2008 (Median) to 2021, with 14 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 5.600 % in 2014 and a record low of 3.000 % in 2012. Multidimensional Poverty Headcount Ratio: World Bank: % of total population data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Spain – Table ES.World Bank.WDI: Social: Poverty and Inequality. The multidimensional poverty headcount ratio (World Bank) is the percentage of a population living in poverty according to the World Bank's Multidimensional Poverty Measure. The Multidimensional Poverty Measure includes three dimensions – monetary poverty, education, and basic infrastructure services – to capture a more complete picture of poverty.;World Bank, Poverty and Inequality Platform. Data are based on primary household survey data obtained from government statistical agencies and World Bank country departments. Data for high-income economies are mostly from the Luxembourg Income Study database. For more information and methodology, please see http://pip.worldbank.org.;;The World Bank’s internationally comparable poverty monitoring database now draws on income or detailed consumption data from more than 2000 household surveys across 169 countries. See the Poverty and Inequality Platform (PIP) for details (www.pip.worldbank.org).

The largest gender gap in the share of the Spanish population at risk of poverty or social exclusion in 2024 was found in the elderly group, where the percentage of women at such risk was 4.4 points higher than that of men. The age group of 65 + years had the lowest share of women at risk.

The distribution of the population at risk of poverty in Spain reveals a disparity between the Northern and Southern regions. The poverty rate of all Northern regions is below the national average of **** percent. In contrast, Andalusia, Extremadura, and the autonomous cities of Melilla and Ceuta had the highest percentage of population, exceeding ** percent, at risk of poverty.

ES: Multidimensional Poverty Headcount Ratio: Children: % of population aged 0-17 data was reported at 33.100 % in 2021. This records an increase from the previous number of 31.200 % for 2020. ES: Multidimensional Poverty Headcount Ratio: Children: % of population aged 0-17 data is updated yearly, averaging 31.650 % from Dec 2010 (Median) to 2021, with 12 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 35.400 % in 2014 and a record low of 28.800 % in 2018. ES: Multidimensional Poverty Headcount Ratio: Children: % of population aged 0-17 data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Spain – Table ES.World Bank.WDI: Social: Poverty and Inequality. ;Government statistical agencies. Data for EU countires are from the EUROSTAT;;

Spain - At Risk of Poverty or social exclusion rate for elderly (65+) was 20.50% in December of 2020, according to the EUROSTAT. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for Spain - At Risk of Poverty or social exclusion rate for elderly (65+) - last updated from the EUROSTAT on September of 2025. Historically, Spain - At Risk of Poverty or social exclusion rate for elderly (65+) reached a record high of 24.90% in December of 2009 and a record low of 12.90% in December of 2014.

Spain ES: Proportion of People Living Below 50 Percent Of Median Income: % data was reported at 15.400 % in 2021. This records a decrease from the previous number of 16.500 % for 2020. Spain ES: Proportion of People Living Below 50 Percent Of Median Income: % data is updated yearly, averaging 14.750 % from Dec 1980 (Median) to 2021, with 30 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 17.800 % in 2013 and a record low of 11.200 % in 1990. Spain ES: Proportion of People Living Below 50 Percent Of Median Income: % data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Spain – Table ES.World Bank.WDI: Social: Poverty and Inequality. The percentage of people in the population who live in households whose per capita income or consumption is below half of the median income or consumption per capita. The median is measured at 2017 Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) using the Poverty and Inequality Platform (http://www.pip.worldbank.org). For some countries, medians are not reported due to grouped and/or confidential data. The reference year is the year in which the underlying household survey data was collected. In cases for which the data collection period bridged two calendar years, the first year in which data were collected is reported.;World Bank, Poverty and Inequality Platform. Data are based on primary household survey data obtained from government statistical agencies and World Bank country departments. Data for high-income economies are mostly from the Luxembourg Income Study database. For more information and methodology, please see http://pip.worldbank.org.;;The World Bank’s internationally comparable poverty monitoring database now draws on income or detailed consumption data from more than 2000 household surveys across 169 countries. See the Poverty and Inequality Platform (PIP) for details (www.pip.worldbank.org).

Spain Poverty Headcount Ratio at Societal Poverty Lines: % of Population data was reported at 16.900 % in 2021. This records a decrease from the previous number of 17.900 % for 2020. Spain Poverty Headcount Ratio at Societal Poverty Lines: % of Population data is updated yearly, averaging 16.900 % from Dec 1980 (Median) to 2021, with 30 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 19.900 % in 2013 and a record low of 14.200 % in 1990. Spain Poverty Headcount Ratio at Societal Poverty Lines: % of Population data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Spain – Table ES.World Bank.WDI: Social: Poverty and Inequality. The poverty headcount ratio at societal poverty line is the percentage of a population living in poverty according to the World Bank's Societal Poverty Line. The Societal Poverty Line is expressed in purchasing power adjusted 2017 U.S. dollars and defined as max($2.15, $1.15 + 0.5*Median). This means that when the national median is sufficiently low, the Societal Poverty line is equivalent to the extreme poverty line, $2.15. For countries with a sufficiently high national median, the Societal Poverty Line grows as countries’ median income grows.;World Bank, Poverty and Inequality Platform. Data are based on primary household survey data obtained from government statistical agencies and World Bank country departments. Data for high-income economies are mostly from the Luxembourg Income Study database. For more information and methodology, please see http://pip.worldbank.org.;;The World Bank’s internationally comparable poverty monitoring database now draws on income or detailed consumption data from more than 2000 household surveys across 169 countries. See the Poverty and Inequality Platform (PIP) for details (www.pip.worldbank.org).

Spain - Children at Risk of Poverty or social exclusion was 31.10% in December of 2020, according to the EUROSTAT. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for Spain - Children at Risk of Poverty or social exclusion - last updated from the EUROSTAT on October of 2025. Historically, Spain - Children at Risk of Poverty or social exclusion reached a record high of 35.80% in December of 2014 and a record low of 29.50% in December of 2018.

Historical dataset showing Spain poverty rate by year from 1980 to 2022.

Spain: Poverty ratio, percent living on less than 1.90 USD a day: The latest value from 2021 is 0.6 percent, a decline from 0.9 percent in 2020. In comparison, the world average is 5.30 percent, based on data from 71 countries. Historically, the average for Spain from 1980 to 2021 is 0.83 percent. The minimum value, 0.2 percent, was reached in 1985 while the maximum of 1.5 percent was recorded in 1995.

Poverty rate at $1.9 a day of Spain jumped by 14.29% from 0.70 % in 2021 to 0.80 % in 2022. Since the 10.00% drop in 2019, poverty rate at $1.9 a day dropped by 11.11% in 2022. Population below $1.9 a day is the percentage of the population living on less than $1.9 a day at 2005 international prices. As a result of revisions in PPP exchange rates, poverty rates for individual countries cannot be compared with poverty rates reported in earlier editions.

Spain - In work at Risk of Poverty rate was 11.20% in December of 2024, according to the EUROSTAT. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for Spain - In work at Risk of Poverty rate - last updated from the EUROSTAT on October of 2025. Historically, Spain - In work at Risk of Poverty rate reached a record high of 13.10% in December of 2017 and a record low of 10.10% in December of 2006.

In 2023, the geographical distribution of the population at risk of poverty in Spain shows a north-south divide. The autonomous cities of Melilla and Ceuta, together with the Andalusia, topped the list with more than 37 percent of their population at risk of poverty or social exclusion. On the other hand, less than 16 percent of the population of the Basque Country and Navarre were at risk.