The database (version August 2022) is built upon the released Global Subnational Atlas of Poverty (GSAP) (World Bank, 2021). In this database, we assemble a new panel dataset that provides (headcount) poverty rates using the daily poverty lines of US $1.90, $3.20, and $5.50 (based on the revised 2011 Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) dollars). This database is generated using household income and consumption surveys from the World Bank’s Global Monitoring Database (GMD), which underlie country official poverty statistics, and offers the most detailed subnational poverty data on a global scale to date. The Global Subnational Atlas of Poverty (GSAP) is produced by the World Bank’s Poverty and Equity Global Practice, coordinated by the Data for Goals (D4G) team, and supported by the six regional statistics teams in the Poverty and Equity Global Practice, and Global Poverty & Inequality Data Team (GPID) in Development Economics Data Group (DECDG) at the World Bank. The Global Monitoring Database (GMD) is the World Bank’s repository of multitopic income and expenditure household surveys used to monitor global poverty and shared prosperity. The household survey data are typically collected by national statistical offices in each country, and then compiled, processed, and harmonized. The process is coordinated by the Data for Goals (D4G) team and supported by the six regional statistics teams in the Poverty and Equity Global Practice. Global Poverty & Inequality Data Team (GPID) in Development Economics Data Group (DECDG) also contributed historical data from before 1990, and recent survey data from Luxemburg Income Studies (LIS). Selected variables have been harmonized to the extent possible such that levels and trends in poverty and other key sociodemographic attributes can be reasonably compared across and within countries over time. The GMD’s harmonized microdata are currently used in Poverty and Inequality Platform (PIP), World Bank’s Multidimensional Poverty Measures (WB MPM), the Global Database of Shared Prosperity (GDSP), and Poverty and Shared Prosperity Reports. Reference: World Bank. (2021). World Bank estimates based on data from the Global Subnational Atlas of Poverty, Global Monitoring Database. World Bank: Washington. https://datacatalog.worldbank.org/search/dataset/0042041

The Poverty and Inequality Platform (PIP), developed by the World Bank, provides global, regional, and country-level estimates of poverty, inequality, and shared prosperity for 170 economies. PIP is the primary source for the World Bank's poverty and inequality estimates, and it informs many Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) indicators on poverty and inequality. The data, governed by the Global Poverty Working Group (GPWG), are expressed in 2017 Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) prices, with global poverty lines set at $2.15, $3.65, and $6.85 per day.

The Multidimensional Poverty Measure (MPM) seeks to understand poverty beyond just a monetary dimension by including access to education and basic infrastructure along with the monetary headcount ratio at the $1.90 poverty line. The World Bank’s measure takes inspiration and guidance from other prominent multidimensional measures, particularly the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) developed by UNDP and Oxford University but differs from them in one important aspect: it includes Monetary poverty (measured as having a daily consumption less than $1.90 in 2011 PPP) as one of the dimensions. While monetary poverty is strongly correlated with deprivations in other domains, this correlation is far from perfect. The Poverty and Shared Prosperity 2020 (World Bank, 2020) report shows that over a third of those experiencing multidimensional poverty are not captured by the monetary headcount ratio, in line with the findings of the previous edition of the report (World Bank, 2018). A country’s MPM is at least as high as or higher than the monetary poverty, reflecting the additional role of nonmonetary dimensions in increasing multidimensional poverty and their importance to general well-being.

Latest poverty and inequality indicators compiled from officially recognized international sources. Poverty indicators include the poverty headcount ratio, poverty gap, and number of poor at both international and national poverty lines. Inequality indicators include the Gini index and income or consumption distributions. The database includes national, regional and global estimates. This database is maintained by the Global Poverty Working Group (GPWG), a team of poverty measurement experts from the Poverty Global Practice, the Development Research Group, and the Development Data Group.

The database is part of the Poverty and Inequality Platform, https://pip.worldbank.org/home

Will all children be able to read by 2030? The ability to read with comprehension is a foundational skill that every education system around the world strives to impart by late in primary school—generally by age 10. Moreover, attaining the ambitious Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in education requires first achieving this basic building block, and so does improving countries’ Human Capital Index scores. Yet past evidence from many low- and middle-income countries has shown that many children are not learning to read with comprehension in primary school. To understand the global picture better, we have worked with the UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS) to assemble a new dataset with the most comprehensive measures of this foundational skill yet developed, by linking together data from credible cross-national and national assessments of reading. This dataset covers 115 countries, accounting for 81% of children worldwide and 79% of children in low- and middle-income countries. The new data allow us to estimate the reading proficiency of late-primary-age children, and we also provide what are among the first estimates (and the most comprehensive, for low- and middle-income countries) of the historical rate of progress in improving reading proficiency globally (for the 2000-17 period). The results show that 53% of all children in low- and middle-income countries cannot read age-appropriate material by age 10, and that at current rates of improvement, this “learning poverty” rate will have fallen only to 43% by 2030. Indeed, we find that the goal of all children reading by 2030 will be attainable only with historically unprecedented progress. The high rate of “learning poverty” and slow progress in low- and middle-income countries is an early warning that all the ambitious SDG targets in education (and likely of social progress) are at risk. Based on this evidence, we suggest a new medium-term target to guide the World Bank’s work in low- and middle- income countries: cut learning poverty by at least half by 2030. This target, together with improved measurement of learning, can be as an evidence-based tool to accelerate progress to get all children reading by age 10.

For further details, please refer to https://thedocs.worldbank.org/en/doc/e52f55322528903b27f1b7e61238e416-0200022022/original/Learning-poverty-report-2022-06-21-final-V7-0-conferenceEdition.pdf

Overview

This dataset provides a comprehensive collection of time series data sourced from the World Bank Open Data Platform, covering a wide range of global indicators from 1960 to the most recently published year. It includes economic, social, environmental, and demographic metrics, making it an ideal resource for researchers, data scientists, and policymakers interested in global development trends, economic forecasting, or socio-economic analysis.

A tutorial on how to combined the dataset topics together into one large dataset can be found here

Why this Dataset?

My motivation for this project was to curate a high-quality collection of datasets for World Bank indicators organized by topics and structured in time-series, making them more accessible for data science projects. Since the World Bank’s Kaggle datasets have not been updated since 2019 https://www.kaggle.com/organizations/theworldbank, I saw an opportunity to provide more current data for the data analysis community.

Dataset Collection Contents

This collection brings together more than 800 World Bank indicators organized into 18 topic‑specific CSV files. Each file is structured as a country‑year panel: every row represents a unique combination of year (1960‑present) and ISO‑3 country code, while the columns hold the topic’s indicators.

The collection includes datasets with a variety of indicators, such as: - Economic Metrics: GDP growth (%), GDP per capita, consumer price inflation, merchandise trade, gross capital formation, and more.
- Social Metrics: School enrollment (primary, secondary, tertiary), infant mortality rate, maternal mortality rate, poverty headcount, and more.
- Environmental Metrics: Forest area, renewable energy consumption, food production indices, and more.
- Demographic Metrics: Urban population, life expectancy, net migration, and more.

Usage

This dataset is ideal for a variety of applications, including: - Economic forecasting and trend analysis (e.g., GDP growth, inflation).
- Socio-economic studies (e.g., education, health, poverty).
- Environmental impact analysis (e.g., renewable energy adoption).
- Demographic research (e.g., population trends, migration).

Topic datasets can be merged with each other using year and country code. This tutorial with notebook code can help you get started quickly.

Collection Methodology

The data is collected via a custom software application that discovers and groups high-quality indicators with rules-based logic & artificial intelligence, generates metadata, and performs ETL for the data from the World Bank API. The result is a clean, up‑to‑date collection of World Bank indicators in time-series format that is ready for analysis—no manual downloads or data wrangling required.

Modifications

The original World Bank data has been aggregated and transformed for ease of use. Missing values have been preserved as provided by the World Bank, and no significant transformations have been applied beyond formatting and aggregation into a single file.

Source & Attribution

The World Bank: World Development Indicators

This dataset is publicly available and sourced from the World Bank Open Data Platform and is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) license. When using this data, please attribute the World Bank as follows: "Data sourced from the World Bank, licensed under CC BY 4.0." For more details on the World Bank’s terms of use, visit: https://www.worldbank.org/en/about/legal/terms-of-use-for-datasets.

License

This dataset is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) license.

Feel free to use this data in Kaggle notebooks, academic research, or policy analysis. If you create a derived dataset or analysis, I encourage you to share it with the Kaggle community.

Colombia CO: Survey Mean Consumption or Income per Capita: Bottom 40% of Population: Annualized Average Growth Rate data was reported at -2.590 % in 2021. Colombia CO: Survey Mean Consumption or Income per Capita: Bottom 40% of Population: Annualized Average Growth Rate data is updated yearly, averaging -2.590 % from Dec 2021 (Median) to 2021, with 1 observations. The data reached an all-time high of -2.590 % in 2021 and a record low of -2.590 % in 2021. Colombia CO: Survey Mean Consumption or Income per Capita: Bottom 40% of Population: Annualized Average Growth Rate data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Colombia – Table CO.World Bank.WDI: Social: Poverty and Inequality. The growth rate in the welfare aggregate of the bottom 40% is computed as the annualized average growth rate in per capita real consumption or income of the bottom 40% of the population in the income distribution in a country from household surveys over a roughly 5-year period. Mean per capita real consumption or income is measured at 2017 Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) using the Poverty and Inequality Platform (http://www.pip.worldbank.org). For some countries means are not reported due to grouped and/or confidential data. The annualized growth rate is computed as (Mean in final year/Mean in initial year)^(1/(Final year - Initial year)) - 1. The reference year is the year in which the underlying household survey data was collected. In cases for which the data collection period bridged two calendar years, the first year in which data were collected is reported. The initial year refers to the nearest survey collected 5 years before the most recent survey available, only surveys collected between 3 and 7 years before the most recent survey are considered. The coverage and quality of the 2017 PPP price data for Iraq and most other North African and Middle Eastern countries were hindered by the exceptional period of instability they faced at the time of the 2017 exercise of the International Comparison Program. See the Poverty and Inequality Platform for detailed explanations.;World Bank, Global Database of Shared Prosperity (GDSP) (http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/poverty/brief/global-database-of-shared-prosperity).;;The comparability of welfare aggregates (consumption or income) for the chosen years T0 and T1 is assessed for every country. If comparability across the two surveys is a major concern for a country, the selection criteria are re-applied to select the next best survey year(s). Annualized growth rates are calculated between the survey years, using a compound growth formula. The survey years defining the period for which growth rates are calculated and the type of welfare aggregate used to calculate the growth rates are noted in the footnotes.

This data compiles projected poverty rates for 2020 and 2021 from seven data vintages released between April 2020 to October 2022. The underlying poverty data is used in this blog.

The following variables are reported: region--regional classifications used in Poverty and Inequality Platform; nowcasts--the date of data release; FGT0_lic--Poverty headcount rate using the poverty lines for low-income countries; FGT0_lmic--Poverty headcount rate using the poverty lines for lower-middle-income countries; FGT0_umic--Poverty headcount rate using the poverty lines for upper-middle-income countries; FGT0_lic_change--change in the poverty rate from the previous year using the LIC poverty line; FGT0_lmic_change--change in the poverty rate from the previous year using the LMIC poverty line; FGT0_umic_change--change in the poverty rate from the previous year using the UMIC poverty line. Poverty rates are calculated using the 2011 PPPs for all data vintages besides the October 2022 vintage when 2017 PPPs were used. The poverty lines for LICs are either $1.90 a day in 2011 PPPs or $2.15 a day in 2017 PPPs. The poverty lines for LMICs are either $3.20 a day in 2011 PPPs or $3.65 a day in 2017 PPPs. The poverty lines for LICs are either $5.50 a day in 2011 PPPs or $6.85 a day in 2017 PPPs.

Context

Poverty data from the World bank Data includes country and subnational level.

Content

Poverty data available at the administrative unit level 1, based on national poverty line(s). Administrative unit level 1 is the highest subnational unit level, e.g. state or province level.

Annual Coverage: 1999 - 2013 Cite:

Acknowledgements

Data from the world bank. Some descriptions from data.world. This dataset is subject to these license terms, including attribution requirements and linking the license terms to: http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/0,,contentMDK:22547097~pagePK:50016803~piPK:50016805~theSitePK:13,00.html

Source: http://data.worldbank.org/data-catalog/sub-national-poverty-data

Inspiration

• linkage to kiva dataset
• Differences from Oxford subnational deprivation index (requires matching the geographic regions).
• Connect with other world bank time-series and try to see if any predictors for change in poverty levels over time can be found (despite the short time-scale).
• What causes worsening (rather than a generic improvement/poverty reduction) in some cases/countries/ regions? Especially when the overall country may be doing better, but some regions get worse/poorer?

This dataset contains data from the World Development Indicators on Poverty and Shared Prosperity presenting indicators that measure progress toward the World Bank Group’s twin goals of ending extreme poverty by 2030 and promoting shared prosperity in every country in a sustainable manner.

Romania RO: Gini Coefficient (GINI Index): World Bank Estimate data was reported at 35.900 % in 2015. This records a decrease from the previous number of 36.000 % for 2014. Romania RO: Gini Coefficient (GINI Index): World Bank Estimate data is updated yearly, averaging 35.900 % from Dec 1989 (Median) to 2015, with 13 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 39.600 % in 2006 and a record low of 23.300 % in 1989. Romania RO: Gini Coefficient (GINI Index): World Bank Estimate data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Romania – Table RO.World Bank.WDI: Poverty. Gini index measures the extent to which the distribution of income (or, in some cases, consumption expenditure) among individuals or households within an economy deviates from a perfectly equal distribution. A Lorenz curve plots the cumulative percentages of total income received against the cumulative number of recipients, starting with the poorest individual or household. The Gini index measures the area between the Lorenz curve and a hypothetical line of absolute equality, expressed as a percentage of the maximum area under the line. Thus a Gini index of 0 represents perfect equality, while an index of 100 implies perfect inequality.; ; World Bank, Development Research Group. Data are based on primary household survey data obtained from government statistical agencies and World Bank country departments. For more information and methodology, please see PovcalNet (http://iresearch.worldbank.org/PovcalNet/index.htm).; ; The World Bank’s internationally comparable poverty monitoring database now draws on income or detailed consumption data from more than one thousand six hundred household surveys across 164 countries in six regions and 25 other high income countries (industrialized economies). While income distribution data are published for all countries with data available, poverty data are published for low- and middle-income countries and countries eligible to receive loans from the World Bank (such as Chile) and recently graduated countries (such as Estonia) only. See PovcalNet (http://iresearch.worldbank.org/PovcalNet/WhatIsNew.aspx) for definitions of geographical regions and industrialized countries.

Abstract

The World Bank is interested in gauging the views of clients and partners who are either involved in development in BENIN or who observe activities related to social and economic development. The World Bank Country Assessment Survey is meant to give the World Bank's team that works in BENIN, more in-depth insight into how the Bank's work is perceived. This is one tool the World Bank uses to assess the views of its critical stakeholders. With this understanding, the World Bank hopes to develop more effective strategies, outreach and programs that support development in BENIN. The World Bank commissioned an independent firm to oversee the logistics of this effort in BENIN.

The survey was designed to achieve the following objectives: - Assist the World Bank in gaining a better understanding of how stakeholders in Benin perceive the Bank; - Obtain systematic feedback from stakeholders in Benin regarding: · Their views regarding the general environment in Benin; · Their overall attitudes toward the World Bank in Benin; · Overall impressions of the World Bank's effectiveness and results, knowledge and research, and communication and information sharing in Benin; and · Perceptions of the World Bank's future role in Benin. - Use data to help inform the Benin country team's strategy.

Geographic coverage

National

Analysis unit

Stakeholder

Universe

Stakeholders of the World Bank in Benin

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

In April and May 2012, 687 stakeholders of the World Bank in Benin were invited to provide their opinions on the Bank's assistance to the country by participating in a country survey. Participants in the survey were drawn from among the office of the President or Prime Minister; the office of a Minister; the office of a Parliamentarian; employees of a ministry, ministerial department, or implementation agency; consultants/contractors working on World Bank supported projects/programs; project management units (PMUs) overseeing implementation of a project; local government officials or staff; bilateral agencies; multilateral agencies; private sector organizations; private foundations; financial sector/private banks; NGOs; community- based organizations; the media; independent government institutions; trade unions; faith-based groups; academia, research institutes or think tanks; and the judiciary branch.

Mode of data collection

Mail Questionnaire [mail]

Research instrument

The Questionnaire consists of 8 Sections:

A. General Issues facing Benin: Respondents were asked to indicate whether Benin is headed in the right direction, what they thought were the top three most important development priorities, and which areas would contribute most to poverty reduction and economic growth.

B. Overall Attitudes toward the World Bank: Respondents were asked to rate their familiarity with the World Bank, the Bank's effectiveness in Benin, the extent to which the Bank meets Benin's need for knowledge services and financial instruments, the extent to which the Bank should and does seek to influence the global development agenda, their agreement with various statements regarding the Bank's work in Benin, and the extent to which the Bank is an effective development partner. Respondents were also asked to indicate the sectoral areas on which it would be most productive for the Bank to focus its resources, the Bank's greatest values and greatest weaknesses in its work, the Bank instruments that are most and least effective in reducing poverty, with which groups the Bank should work more, and to what reasons respondents attributed failed or slow reform efforts.

C. World Bank Effectiveness and Results: Respondents were asked to rate the extent to which the Bank's work helps achieve sustainable development results in Benin and the Bank's level of effectiveness across thirty-four development areas, such as poverty reduction, anti-corruption, and economic growth.

D. The World Bank's Knowledge: Respondents were asked to indicate the areas on which the Bank should focus its research efforts and to rate the effectiveness and quality of the Bank's knowledge/research, including how significant of a contribution the Bank's knowledge and research make to development results, the technical quality of the Bank's knowledge and research, and the Bank's effectiveness at providing linkage to non-Bank expertise.

E. Working with the World Bank: Respondents were asked to rate their level of agreement with a series of statements regarding working with the Bank, such as the World Bank safeguard policies requirements being reasonable, working with the World Bank increasing Benin's institutional capacity, and the Bank disburses funds promptly.

F. The Future Role of the World Bank in Benin: Respondents were asked to rate how significant a role the Bank should play in Benin's development over the medium term and to indicate what the Bank should do to make itself of greater value in Benin.

G. Communication and Information Sharing: Respondents were asked to indicate where they get information about economic and social development issues, how they prefer to receive information from the Bank, their access to the Internet, and their usage and evaluation of the Bank's website and PICs. Respondents were asked about their awareness of the Bank's Access to Information policy, past information requests from the Bank, and their level of agreement that they use more data from the World Bank as a result of the Bank's Open Data policy. Respondents were also asked their level of agreement that they know how to find information from the Bank and that the Bank is responsive to information requests.

H. Background Information: Respondents were asked to indicate their current position, specialization, whether they professionally collaborate with the World Bank, their exposure to the Bank in Benin, and their geographic location.

Response rate

A total of 600 stakeholders participated in the country survey (87%).

Japan JP: Income Share Held by Lowest 20% data was reported at 7.400 % in 2008. Japan JP: Income Share Held by Lowest 20% data is updated yearly, averaging 7.400 % from Dec 2008 (Median) to 2008, with 1 observations. Japan JP: Income Share Held by Lowest 20% data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Japan – Table JP.World Bank.WDI: Poverty. Percentage share of income or consumption is the share that accrues to subgroups of population indicated by deciles or quintiles. Percentage shares by quintile may not sum to 100 because of rounding.; ; World Bank, Development Research Group. Data are based on primary household survey data obtained from government statistical agencies and World Bank country departments. Data for high-income economies are from the Luxembourg Income Study database. For more information and methodology, please see PovcalNet (http://iresearch.worldbank.org/PovcalNet/index.htm).; ; The World Bank’s internationally comparable poverty monitoring database now draws on income or detailed consumption data from more than one thousand six hundred household surveys across 164 countries in six regions and 25 other high income countries (industrialized economies). While income distribution data are published for all countries with data available, poverty data are published for low- and middle-income countries and countries eligible to receive loans from the World Bank (such as Chile) and recently graduated countries (such as Estonia) only. See PovcalNet (http://iresearch.worldbank.org/PovcalNet/WhatIsNew.aspx) for definitions of geographical regions and industrialized countries.

Title: GDP & Crises Analysis Using World Bank Indicators

**Source: **World Bank Open Data

License: This dataset is provided by the World Bank Open Data initiative and is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).

Description: This dataset includes key global development indicators collected from the World Bank database. It covers country-level annual data on: - Gross Domestic Product (GDP, current US$) - Population - Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of population) - Natural Resource Rents (% of GDP)

Objective: This project investigates how major global crises — specifically the 2008 Financial Crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic — influenced GDP across countries. The study also explores how structural factors like population size, poverty levels, and natural resource dependence relate to total GDP and GDP per capita.

Key Research Questions: - How did GDP respond to the 2008 and COVID-19 crises across different regions? - What is the relationship between population and GDP versus GDP per capita? - How do poverty rates correlate with national income? - Does natural resource rent (as a share of GDP) positively or negatively relate to economic performance?

Methods Used: - Descriptive statistics and trend analysis - Econometric modeling (linear regression, fixed effects models) - Interaction analysis (e.g., poverty × population) - Visualization using ggplot2

Norway NO: Gini Coefficient (GINI Index): World Bank Estimate data was reported at 27.500 % in 2015. This records an increase from the previous number of 26.800 % for 2014. Norway NO: Gini Coefficient (GINI Index): World Bank Estimate data is updated yearly, averaging 26.800 % from Dec 2003 (Median) to 2015, with 13 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 31.600 % in 2004 and a record low of 25.300 % in 2011. Norway NO: Gini Coefficient (GINI Index): World Bank Estimate data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Norway – Table NO.World Bank.WDI: Poverty. Gini index measures the extent to which the distribution of income (or, in some cases, consumption expenditure) among individuals or households within an economy deviates from a perfectly equal distribution. A Lorenz curve plots the cumulative percentages of total income received against the cumulative number of recipients, starting with the poorest individual or household. The Gini index measures the area between the Lorenz curve and a hypothetical line of absolute equality, expressed as a percentage of the maximum area under the line. Thus a Gini index of 0 represents perfect equality, while an index of 100 implies perfect inequality.; ; World Bank, Development Research Group. Data are based on primary household survey data obtained from government statistical agencies and World Bank country departments. For more information and methodology, please see PovcalNet (http://iresearch.worldbank.org/PovcalNet/index.htm).; ; The World Bank’s internationally comparable poverty monitoring database now draws on income or detailed consumption data from more than one thousand six hundred household surveys across 164 countries in six regions and 25 other high income countries (industrialized economies). While income distribution data are published for all countries with data available, poverty data are published for low- and middle-income countries and countries eligible to receive loans from the World Bank (such as Chile) and recently graduated countries (such as Estonia) only. See PovcalNet (http://iresearch.worldbank.org/PovcalNet/WhatIsNew.aspx) for definitions of geographical regions and industrialized countries.

Abstract

In an environment where the Bank must demonstrate its impact and value, it is critical that the institution collects and tracks empirical data on how its work is perceived by clients, partners and other stakeholders in our client countries.

In FY 2013, the Country Opinion Survey Program was scaled up in order to: - Annually assess perceptions of the World Bank among key stakeholders in a representative sample of client countries; - Track these opinions over time, representative of: regions, stakeholders, country lending levels, country income/size levels, etc. - Inform strategy and decision making: apply findings to challenges to ensure real time response at several levels: corporate, regional, country - Obtain systematic feedback from stakeholders regarding: - The general environment in their country; - Value of the World Bank in their country; - World Bank's presence (work, relationships, etc.); - World Bank's future role in their country. - Create a feedback loop that allows data to be shared with stakeholders.

Geographic coverage

The data from the 41 country surveys were combined in this review. Although individual countries are not specified, each country was designated as part of a particular region: Africa (AFR), East Asia (EAP), Europe/Central Asia (ECA), Latin America (LAC), Middle East/North Africa (MNA), and South Asia (SAR).

Analysis unit

Client Country

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

In FY 2013 (July 2012 to July 1, 2013), 26,014 stakeholders of the World Bank in 41 different countries were invited to provide their opinions on the Bank's assistance to the country by participating in a country survey. Participants in these surveys were drawn from among senior government officials (from the office of the Prime Minister, President, Minister, Parliamentarian; i.e., elected officials), staff of ministries (employees of ministries, ministerial departments, or implementation agencies, and government officials; i.e., non-elected government officials, and those attached to agencies implementing Bank-supported projects), consultants/contractors working on World Bank-supported projects/programs; project management units (PMUs) overseeing implementation of a project; local government officials or staff, bilateral and multilateral agency staff, private sector organizations, private foundations; the financial sector/private banks; non-government organizations (NGOs, including CBOs), the media, independent government institutions (e.g., regulatory agencies, central banks), trade unions, faith-based groups, members of academia or research institutes, and members of the judiciary.

Mode of data collection

Mail Questionnaire [mail]

Research instrument

The Questionnaire consists of the following sections:

A. General Issues facing a country: Respondents were asked to indicate whether the country is headed in the right direction, what they thought were the top three most important development priorities, and which areas would contribute most to reducing poverty and generating economic growth in the country.

B. Overall Attitudes toward the World Bank: Respondents were asked to rate their familiarity with the World Bank, the Bank's effectiveness in the country, the extent to which the Bank meets the country's needs for knowledge services and financial instruments, and the extent to which the Bank should seek or does seek to influence the global development agenda. Respondents were also asked to rate their agreement with various statements regarding the Bank's work and the extent to which the Bank is an effective development partner. Furthermore, respondents were asked to indicate the sectoral areas on which it would be most productive for the Bank to focus its resources, the Bank's greatest values and greatest weaknesses in its work, the most and least effective instruments in helping to reduce poverty in the country, with which groups the Bank should collaborate more, and to what reasons respondents attributed failed or slow reform efforts.

C. World Bank Effectiveness and Results: Respondents were asked to rate the extent to which the Bank's work helps achieve sustainable development results in the country, and the Bank's level of effectiveness across thirty-five development areas, such as economic growth, public sector governance, basic infrastructure, social protection, and others.

D. The World Bank's Knowledge: Respondents were asked to indicate the areas on which the Bank should focus its research efforts, and to rate the effectiveness and quality of the Bank's knowledge/research, including how significant of a contribution it makes to development results, its technical quality, and the Bank's effectiveness at providing linkage to non-Bank expertise.

E. Working with the World Bank: Respondents were asked to rate their level of agreement with a series of statements regarding working with the Bank, such as the World Bank's "Safeguard Policy" requirements being reasonable, the Bank imposing reasonable conditions on its lending, disbursing funds promptly, and increasing the country's institutional capacity.

F. The Future Role of the World Bank in the country: Respondents were asked to rate how significant a role the Bank should play in the country's development in the near future, and to indicate what the Bank should do to make itself of greater value in the country.

G. Communication and Information Sharing: Respondents were asked to indicate where they get information about economic and social development issues, how they prefer to receive information from the Bank, their access to the Internet, and their usage and evaluation of the Bank's websites. Respondents were asked about their awareness of the Bank's Access to Information policy, past information requests from the Bank, and their level of agreement that they use more data from the World Bank as a result of the Bank's Open Data policy. Respondents were also asked to indicate their level of agreement that they know how to find information from the Bank and that the Bank is responsive to information requests.

H. Background Information: Respondents were asked to indicate their current position, specialization, whether they professionally collaborate with the World Bank, their exposure to the Bank in the country, and their geographic location.

Response rate

A total of 9,279 stakeholders (36% response rate) participated and are part of this review.

As per World Bank's thresholds, in 2022, over 23.9 percent of India's population was living on less than 3 U.S. dollars per day. When the 4.20 U.S. dollars per day threshold is considered, the share increased to over 5.3 percent. The poverty line of 4.20 per day is set by the World Bank to be representative of the definitions of poverty adopted in lower-middle-income countries.

The database (version August 2022) is built upon the released Global Subnational Atlas of Poverty (GSAP) (World Bank, 2021). In this database, we assemble a new panel dataset that provides different measures of inequality. This database is generated using household income and consumption surveys from the World Bank’s Global Monitoring Database (GMD), which underlie country official poverty statistics, and offers the most detailed subnational poverty data on a global scale to date. The Global Subnational Atlas of Poverty (GSAP) is produced by the World Bank’s Poverty and Equity Global Practice, coordinated by the Data for Goals (D4G) team, and supported by the six regional statistics teams in the Poverty and Equity Global Practice, and Global Poverty & Inequality Data Team (GPID) in Development Economics Data Group (DECDG) at the World Bank. The Global Monitoring Database (GMD) is the World Bank’s repository of multitopic income and expenditure household surveys used to monitor global poverty and shared prosperity. The household survey data are typically collected by national statistical offices in each country, and then compiled, processed, and harmonized. The process is coordinated by the Data for Goals (D4G) team and supported by the six regional statistics teams in the Poverty and Equity Global Practice. Global Poverty & Inequality Data Team (GPID) in Development Economics Data Group (DECDG) also contributed historical data from before 1990, and recent survey data from Luxemburg Income Studies (LIS). Selected variables have been harmonized to the extent possible such that levels and trends in poverty and other key sociodemographic attributes can be reasonably compared across and within countries over time. The GMD’s harmonized microdata are currently used in Poverty and Inequality Platform (PIP), World Bank’s Multidimensional Poverty Measures (WB MPM), the Global Database of Shared Prosperity (GDSP), and Poverty and Shared Prosperity Reports. Reference: World Bank. (2021). World Bank estimates based on data from the Global Subnational Atlas of Poverty, Global Monitoring Database. World Bank: Washington. https://datacatalog.worldbank.org/search/dataset/0042041

Definition: The indicator “proportion of the population below the international poverty line” is defined as the percentage of the population living on less than $2.15 a day at 2017 international prices. Concepts: In assessing poverty in a given country, and how best to reduce poverty, one naturally focuses on a poverty line that is considered appropriate for that country. But how do we talk meaningfully about Last updated: 2023-03-31 “global poverty?” Poverty lines across countries vary in terms of their purchasing power, and they have a strong economic gradient, such that richer countries tend to adopt higher standards of living in defining poverty. But to consistently measure global absolute poverty in terms of consumption we need to treat two people with the same purchasing power over commodities the same way—both are either poor or not poor—even if they live in different countries. Since World Development Report 1990, the World Bank has aimed to apply a common standard in measuring extreme poverty, anchored to what poverty means in the world's poorest countries. The welfare of people living in different countries can be measured on a common scale by adjusting for differences in the purchasing power of currencies. The commonly used $1 a day standard, measured in 1985 international prices and adjusted to local currency using purchasing power parity (PPP) exchange rates, was chosen for World Development Report 1990 because it was typical of the poverty lines in lowincome countries at the time. As differences in the cost of living across the world evolve, the international poverty line has to be periodically updated using new PPP price data to reflect these changes. The last change was in September 2022, when the World Bank adopted $2.15 as the international poverty line using the 2017 PPP. Prior to that, the 2015 update set the international poverty line at $1.90 using the 2011 PPP. Poverty measures based on international poverty lines attempt to hold the real value of the poverty line constant across countries and over time. Unit of measure: Percent (%). The unit of measure is the proportion of people.Validation: The raw data are obtained by poverty economists through their contacts in the NSOs, and checked for quality before being submitted for further analysis. The raw data can be unit-record survey data, or grouped data, depending on the agreements with the country governments. In most cases, the welfare aggregate, the essential element for poverty estimation, is generated by the country governments. Sometimes, the World Bank constructs the welfare aggregate or adjusts the aggregate provided by the countryData availability: Data are available in 160+ economies, (measured in terms of number of economies that have at least 1 data point). References: For more information and methodology, please see : https://worldbank.github.io/PIP-Methodology/. Also, consult: https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/37061

Jordan JO: Gini Coefficient (GINI Index): World Bank Estimate data was reported at 33.700 % in 2010. This records an increase from the previous number of 32.600 % for 2008. Jordan JO: Gini Coefficient (GINI Index): World Bank Estimate data is updated yearly, averaging 36.100 % from Dec 1986 (Median) to 2010, with 7 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 43.400 % in 1992 and a record low of 32.600 % in 2008. Jordan JO: Gini Coefficient (GINI Index): World Bank Estimate data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Jordan – Table JO.World Bank.WDI: Poverty. Gini index measures the extent to which the distribution of income (or, in some cases, consumption expenditure) among individuals or households within an economy deviates from a perfectly equal distribution. A Lorenz curve plots the cumulative percentages of total income received against the cumulative number of recipients, starting with the poorest individual or household. The Gini index measures the area between the Lorenz curve and a hypothetical line of absolute equality, expressed as a percentage of the maximum area under the line. Thus a Gini index of 0 represents perfect equality, while an index of 100 implies perfect inequality.; ; World Bank, Development Research Group. Data are based on primary household survey data obtained from government statistical agencies and World Bank country departments. For more information and methodology, please see PovcalNet (http://iresearch.worldbank.org/PovcalNet/index.htm).; ; The World Bank’s internationally comparable poverty monitoring database now draws on income or detailed consumption data from more than one thousand six hundred household surveys across 164 countries in six regions and 25 other high income countries (industrialized economies). While income distribution data are published for all countries with data available, poverty data are published for low- and middle-income countries and countries eligible to receive loans from the World Bank (such as Chile) and recently graduated countries (such as Estonia) only. See PovcalNet (http://iresearch.worldbank.org/PovcalNet/WhatIsNew.aspx) for definitions of geographical regions and industrialized countries.