In the first quarter of 2024, wind and solar PPA prices in Europe declined in comparison to the previous quarter, reaching 94.6 and 67.6 euros per megawatt hour, respectively. The price of power purchase agreements for wind and solar projects in Europe has presented a decreasing trend over the last year.
Wind and solar prices in European countries On average, wind PPAs are forecast to reach higher prices than solar across Europe. For a 10 year pay-as-produced standard PPA starting in 2025, wind prices are expected to be the lowest in countries such as Spain, Norway, Ireland, the Netherlands, and Sweden, all with an average forecast price below 78 euros per megawatt hour. On the other hand, Southern European countries such as Italy, Spain, and Portugal registered the lowest forecast solar PPA prices.
The European corporate PPA market 2023 was a record year for corporate power purchase agreements in Europe. The region contracted 10.4 gigawatts of renewable capacity through corporate PPAs, an increase of almost 60 percent in comparison with the previous year. Spain and Germany were by far the countries with the largest corporate PPA contracted capacity that year, which amounted to 2.8 and 2.2 gigawatts of renewable energy, respectively.

As of end of 2023, more than 35 gigawatts of renewable power had been contracted through corporate purchase agreements (PPAs) across Europe. Spain was the country that registered the largest contracted capacity with about eight gigawatts. Germany followed with 4.7 gigawatts of renewable power contracted through PPAs.

United States - Producer Price Index by Industry: Electric Power Distribution was 187.64900 Index Dec 2003=100 in January of 2025, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, United States - Producer Price Index by Industry: Electric Power Distribution reached a record high of 214.03100 in August of 2022 and a record low of 100.00000 in December of 2003. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for United States - Producer Price Index by Industry: Electric Power Distribution - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on March of 2025.

The halide perovskite Ruddlesden–Popper (RP) phases are a homologous layered subclass of solution-processable semiconductors that have aroused great attention, especially for developing long-term solar photovoltaics. They are defined as (A′)2(A)n−1PbnX3n+1 (A′ = spacer cation, A = cage cation, and X = halide anion). The orientation control of low-temperature self-assembled thin films is a fundamental issue associated with the ability to control the charge carrier transport perpendicular to the substrate. Here we report new chemical derivatives designed from a molecular perspective using a novel spacer cation 3-phenyl-2-propenammonium (PPA) with conjugated backbone as a low-temperature strategy to assemble more efficient solar cells. First, we solved and refined the crystal structures of single crystals with the general formula (PPA)2(FA0.5MA0.5)n−1PbnI3n+1 (n = 2 and 3, space group C2) using X-ray diffraction and then used the mixed halide (PPA)2(Cs0.05(FA0.88MA0.12)0.95)n−1Pbn(I0.88Br0.12)3n+1 analogues to achieve more efficient devices. While forming the RP phases, multiple hydrogen bonds between PPA and inorganic octahedra reinforce the layered structure. For films we observe that as the targeted layer thickness index increases from n = 2 to n = 4, a less horizontal preferred orientation of the inorganic layers is progressively realized along with an increased presence of high-n or 3D phases, with an improved flow of free charge carriers and vertical to substrate conductivity. Accordingly, we achieve an efficiency of 14.76% for planar p–i–n solar cells using PPA-RP perovskites, which retain 93.8 ± 0.25% efficiency with encapsulation after 600 h at 85 °C and 85% humidity (ISOS-D-3).

Objective: To evaluate whether a quantitative speech measure is effective in identifying and monitoring motor speech impairment (MSI) in patients with primary progressive aphasia (PPA), and to investigate the neuroanatomical basis of MSI in PPA. Methods: Sixty-four patients with PPA were evaluated at baseline, with a subset (N=39) evaluated longitudinally. Articulation rate (AR), a quantitative measure derived from spontaneous speech, was measured at each timepoint. MRI was collected at baseline. Differences in baseline AR were assessed across PPA subtypes, separated by severity level. Linear mixed-effects models were conducted to assess groups differences across PPA subtypes in rate of decline in AR over a one-year period. Cortical thickness measured from baseline MRIs was used to test hypotheses about the relationship between cortical atrophy and MSI. Results: Baseline AR was reduced for patients with non-fluent variant PPA (nfvPPA), as compared to other PPA subtypes and controls, even in mild stages of disease. Longitudinal results showed a greater rate of decline in AR for the nfvPPA group over one year, as compared to logopenic and semantic variant subgroups. Reduced baseline AR was associated with cortical atrophy in left-hemisphere premotor and supplementary motor cortices. Conclusions: The AR measure is an effective quantitative index of MSI that detects MSI in mild disease stages and tracks decline in MSI longitudinally. The AR measure additionally demonstrates anatomic localization to motor-speech specific cortical regions. Our findings suggest that this quantitative measure of MSI might have utility in diagnostic evaluation and monitoring of motor speech impairments in PPA.

Electric power selling price index (EPSPI). Monthly data are available from January 1981. The table presents data for the most recent reference period and the last four periods. The base period for the index is (2014=100).

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Factors associated with deep peripapillary microvascular reduction (< 70%) in healthy myopic eyes.

Konsep & Definisi : Dataset ini berisi data jumlah pelaku kekerasan yang dilaporkan ke UPTD PPA menurut pendidikan terakhir. Metadata : http://data.bandung.go.id/index.php/portal/kamus_data/kd-96e3da6a

The relationship between the micro technical indexes and the macro road performance of high modulus asphalt (HMA) is helpful for understanding its mechanism and performance, and promoting its application. To explore the relationship, two kinds of high modulus asphalt (HMA), LLDPE/SBS composite modified asphalt and rubber/PPA composite modified asphalt were prepared according to the HMA requirements. Secondly, Molecular models of two kinds of HMA were established through molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, and the high temperature parameters of LLDPE/SBS composite modified asphalt were obtained with the two methods, namely the micro molecular dynamics simulation and high temperature rheological test, respectively. Then, through correlation analysis and regression calculation, the estimation formula was established between the results of molecular dynamics simulation and high temperature rheological test. Finally, in order to evaluate and verify the rationality of the estimation formula, the two methods were carried out on the other HMA (rubber/PPA composite modified asphalt). The results show that the shear modulus obtained by molecular dynamics simulation has a good correlation with the high temperature rheological properties. The estimation formula based on molecular dynamics simulation can be used to estimate the high temperature shear modulus of high modulus asphalt, and the relative error is less than 7%, which means that the formula can be used to effectively predict the high temperature performance of high modulus asphalt.

Load, wind and solar, prices in hourly resolution. This data package contains different kinds of timeseries data relevant for power system modelling, namely electricity prices, electricity consumption (load) as well as wind and solar power generation and capacities. The data is aggregated either by country, control area or bidding zone. Geographical coverage includes the EU and some neighbouring countries. All variables are provided in hourly resolution. Where original data is available in higher resolution (half-hourly or quarter-hourly), it is provided in separate files. This package version only contains data provided by TSOs and power exchanges via ENTSO-E Transparency, covering the period 2015-mid 2020. See previous versions for historical data from a broader range of sources. All data processing is conducted in Python/pandas and has been documented in the Jupyter notebooks linked below.

Molecular dynamics simulation results of shear modulus of rubber/PPA composite modified asphalt.

La operación Cuenta de la Educación tiene como objetivo el cómputo del gasto realizado en el conjunto de actividades educativas, la determinación del consumo final efectivo en el sector, su forma de financiación y la contribución de los sectores institucionales. La elaboración de las principales macromagnitudes del sector educativo, tomando como fuentes las operaciones Estadística de Gasto y Financiación de la Enseñanza Pública y Privada; sigue los principios metodológicos de la UNESCO y permite analizar su impacto en la economía de la C.A. de Euskadi y su comparación internacional.

Chile’s electricity market price has been on an overall increasing trend recently, reaching 103.5 Chilean pesos per kilowatt-hour in May 2024 (based on a four-month average ending in this month). The highest figure since the beginning of 2020 was 106.5 Chilean pesos per kilowatt-hour, recorded in April 2023. The cost of electricity generation in Chile In 2022, coal accounted for 23 percent of Chile’s gross electricity generation, while natural gas contributed another 19 percent. As such, the country’s electricity generation depends largely on fuel imports – for example, Chile's coal production plummeted over the last few years, recording a year-over-year decrease of around 90 percent. In turn, the price of electricity in the Andean country is highly dependent on international fuel prices and the valuation of the U.S. dollar in comparison to the local currency. Nevertheless, the share of renewables in Chile’s power mix – namely hydro and wind power – has been continuously increasing in recent years, pointing to a reduction in the country’s dependency on imported resources for electricity generation. How does Chile’s electricity price compare with its Latin American neighbors? In June 2023, Chile’s household electricity price was just above the average residential electricity price of Latin American countries at 0.19 U.S. dollars per kilowatt-hour. Chile’s residential electricity price was nearly double that of Mexico and over four times the price reported in Argentina in the same period. In terms of electricity for the commercial sector, Chile’s prices were below the Latin American regional average, and its electricity cost less than some South American countries, such as Brazil, Colombia, and Mexico.

Estimated value of rheological properties of rubber/PPA high modulus asphalt.

In October 2024, wholesale electricity prices in Croatia amounted to 89.05 euros per megawatt-hour, a decrease compared to the previous month. Croatia recorded its highest figure in August 2022, at over 494 euros per megawatt-hour. In 2023, roughly 40 percent of the country's electricity production came from fossil fuels.