In the first quarter of 2024, wind and solar PPA prices in Europe declined in comparison to the previous quarter, reaching **** and **** euros per megawatt hour, respectively. The price of power purchase agreements for wind and solar projects in Europe has presented a decreasing trend over the last year.
Wind and solar prices in European countries On average, wind PPAs are forecast to reach higher prices than solar across Europe. For a 10 year pay-as-produced standard PPA starting in 2025, wind prices are expected to be the lowest in countries such as Spain, Norway, Ireland, the Netherlands, and Sweden, all with an average forecast price below ** euros per megawatt hour. On the other hand, Southern European countries such as Italy, Spain, and Portugal registered the lowest forecast solar PPA prices.
The European corporate PPA market 2023 was a record year for corporate power purchase agreements in Europe. The region contracted **** gigawatts of renewable capacity through corporate PPAs, an increase of almost ** percent in comparison with the previous year. Spain and Germany were by far the countries with the largest corporate PPA contracted capacity that year, which amounted to *** and *** gigawatts of renewable energy, respectively.

Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) Market is required to continue growing at a CAGR of 13.2% and will exceed USD 85.1 Billion by 2035.

As of end of 2023, more than ** gigawatts of renewable power had been contracted through corporate purchase agreements (PPAs) across Europe. Spain was the country that registered the largest contracted capacity, with about ***** gigawatts. Germany followed with *** gigawatts of renewable power contracted through PPAs.

Descriptions of variables used in the generalized estimation equations models for federal, state, and local park and protected area (PPA) settings. Sample sizes relate to the weekly measurement for each study site over the time period and are as follows: federal (n = 3,258), state (n = 3,331) and local (n = 3,169). U.S. EPA = U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, U.S.G.S. = U.S. Geological Survey; QGIS = Q Geographic Information System.

Generalized estimating equation (GEE) model results on the influence of weekly weather conditions and air quality on weekly visitation to state parks and protected areas (PPA), including state parks and state recreation areas included in this study. The odds ratio, calculated as exp(Standard Estimate), indicates the magnitude and direction of the predictors’ effect on the response variable (proportional weekly visitation). The visitation effect, calculated as -1*(1-Odds Ratio)*100 indicates the percent change in the response variable when the predictor increases by one unit (for continuous variables) or when the condition is true (for categorical variables). Significant results (p

Parités de pouvoirs d'achats (PPA) et indices comparatifs au niveau des prix des agrégats du SEC 2010

Overview The Princeton Prosody Archive (PPA) is a full-text searchable database of thousands of digitized books in English published between 1570 and 1923. The Archive collects historical documents and highlights discourses about the study of language, the study of poetry, and where and how these intersect and diverge. Currently, the PPA is comprised of public domain texts held by the HathiTrust Digital Library. It is a Sponsored Project of the Center for Digital Humanities at Princeton. Dataset The spreadsheets in this dataset were generated using T. V. F. Brogan's 1981 bibliography English Versification, 1570-1980: A Reference Guide With a Global Appendix, which provides the foundation for the Archive's holdings. Because the PPA is an ongoing project, we are making the full Brogan dataset available to scholars here, as well as two curated versions that pose particular data problems for us: first, a list of HathiTrust-held excerpts cited in Brogan (HathiTrust does not index periodicals or journals to allow for excerpting, so we have yet to integrate these into the PPA); and second, a list of public domain items that are not held by HathiTrust with their digital and/or analog locations and hyperlinks where available (our platform does not yet support integrating non-HathiTrust material into the PPA). Data fields ID: unique alphanumerical ID assigned by Brogan PPA Checked: indicates whether or not the work is in the PPA Hathi? indicates whether or not the work is in the HathiTrust Digital Library YEAR: year of the work's publication AUTHOR: author of the work TITLE: title of the work PUBLISHER: publisher of the work EXCERPT: indicates whether or not the work is an excerpt inside of a larger work (such as an article, essay, book chapter, etc) JOURNAL: indicates whether or not the work is contained within a journal ENUM: indicates multivolume works VOLUME IDs: unique alphanumerical IDs for digitized copies of the work assigned by HathiTrust NOTES: discursive notes field for data collectors additional fields for Not-in-HT_Brogan-List_06.24.19 only: In PUL? indicates whether or not the Princeton University Library has a copy of the work PUL LOCATION: call number for works held by the Princeton University Library or its shared collections (ReCAP) ALTERNATE LOCATION: analog and/or digital locations of works not held by PUL In AY2018-2019, the PPA's data curation work was funded by both a CDH Dataset Curation Grant and a grant awarded by Princeton's University Committee on Research in the Humanities and Social Sciences (UCRHSS).

The "piston errors" and aberrations of the mirror segments used in large telescopes, are typically measured with on-board optical instruments, usually a dispersed Hartman sensor (DHS) and/or dispersed fringe sensor (DFS). Calibrating and testing of the wavefront sensors are typically performed using custom-built fused silica phase plate arrays. The manufacture and assembly of each custom phase plate array is time-intensive and expensive.

Proposed is a gradient index (GI) phase plate array (PPA), which integrates the corrections of the DHS, an intermediate smoothing phase plate, and the DFS. This reduces the number of phase plates required, from three to one, and allows for the PPA t be used in the pupil plane, allowing for more precise calibration. The monolithic construction of the innovation significantly reduces development time and cost.

Objective: To evaluate whether a quantitative speech measure is effective in identifying and monitoring motor speech impairment (MSI) in patients with primary progressive aphasia (PPA), and to investigate the neuroanatomical basis of MSI in PPA. Methods: Sixty-four patients with PPA were evaluated at baseline, with a subset (N=39) evaluated longitudinally. Articulation rate (AR), a quantitative measure derived from spontaneous speech, was measured at each timepoint. MRI was collected at baseline. Differences in baseline AR were assessed across PPA subtypes, separated by severity level. Linear mixed-effects models were conducted to assess groups differences across PPA subtypes in rate of decline in AR over a one-year period. Cortical thickness measured from baseline MRIs was used to test hypotheses about the relationship between cortical atrophy and MSI. Results: Baseline AR was reduced for patients with non-fluent variant PPA (nfvPPA), as compared to other PPA subtypes and controls, even in mild stages of disease. Longitudinal results showed a greater rate of decline in AR for the nfvPPA group over one year, as compared to logopenic and semantic variant subgroups. Reduced baseline AR was associated with cortical atrophy in left-hemisphere premotor and supplementary motor cortices. Conclusions: The AR measure is an effective quantitative index of MSI that detects MSI in mild disease stages and tracks decline in MSI longitudinally. The AR measure additionally demonstrates anatomic localization to motor-speech specific cortical regions. Our findings suggest that this quantitative measure of MSI might have utility in diagnostic evaluation and monitoring of motor speech impairments in PPA.

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Statistical summary for weekly weather and air quality variables in federal parks and protected areas (PPA) over the study period (2017 - 2021) in the Pacific Northwest, United States; (n = 3,258 weekly measurements). AQI = air quality index; PM 2.5 = particulate matter with diameter

The Polish solar energy industry is experiencing robust growth, driven by supportive government policies aimed at transitioning to renewable energy sources, increasing energy independence, and combating climate change. The market, valued at approximately €XX million in 2025 (assuming a reasonable market size based on a 15%+ CAGR and the stated value unit of millions), is projected to expand significantly over the forecast period (2025-2033). Key drivers include decreasing solar panel costs, technological advancements improving efficiency and lifespan, and rising electricity prices. The increasing adoption of solar energy in residential, commercial, and industrial sectors, along with large-scale utility projects, fuels this growth. While challenges such as grid infrastructure limitations and land availability exist, the overall positive outlook persists due to the strong government commitment and the increasing awareness of environmental sustainability among consumers and businesses. Ground-mounted solar installations currently dominate the market share, followed by rooftop installations. The residential segment is experiencing rapid expansion, while the commercial and industrial sectors are also showing significant adoption rates, fueled by the potential for cost savings and corporate sustainability initiatives. Major players like R Power Sp Z O o, Better Energy Holding A/S, and others are actively contributing to market development through project development, financing, and technology advancements. The continued growth trajectory hinges on consistent government support, improved grid infrastructure to accommodate increased renewable energy generation, and ongoing technological innovation that further reduces costs and increases efficiency of solar power generation in Poland. Further research into specific regional variations within Poland would provide a more granular understanding of market dynamics. Recent developments include: In July 2022, Iberdrola closed a preliminary agreement to acquire 48 MW solar projects in Poland with Augusta Energy sp.z o.o., a joint venture between Greenvoltsubsidiary V-ridiumPower Group and asset manager KGAL. This transaction involves six PV plants with a combined capacity of 48 MW, which is under construction and indexed to consumer prices (CPI) under a 15-year power purchase agreement (PPA) with T-Mobile Polska. The projects are going to be commissioned in 2023., In May 2022, Ingka Investments expanded its renewable energy acquisitions by purchasing a ready-to-build wind farm located in north-western Poland. The value of the transaction was EUR 190 million, and it is expected to secure long-term access to renewable energy for IKEA's retail operations and its value chain partners in Poland., In April 2022, Sunly acquired AlsevaGroup, a Polish solar developer and EPC contractor. Eiffel Investment Group provided Sunly with a short-term loan of EUR 11 million under the Eiffel Energy Transition program for the expansion of Sunly's PV portfolio in Poland. As a result of the loan, Sunlycan purchase ready-to-build PV projects and pay the deposits necessary for grid connection and contracts-for-difference awarded through Polish auctions.. Notable trends are: Residential End-User Segment to Witness Significant Growth.

Konsep & Definisi : Dataset ini berisi data jumlah korban kekerasan yang melapor ke UPTD PPA menurut frekuensi kekerasan. Metadata : http://data.bandung.go.id/index.php/portal/kamus_data/kd-c71f3d8c

The halide perovskite Ruddlesden–Popper (RP) phases are a homologous layered subclass of solution-processable semiconductors that have aroused great attention, especially for developing long-term solar photovoltaics. They are defined as (A′)2(A)n−1PbnX3n+1 (A′ = spacer cation, A = cage cation, and X = halide anion). The orientation control of low-temperature self-assembled thin films is a fundamental issue associated with the ability to control the charge carrier transport perpendicular to the substrate. Here we report new chemical derivatives designed from a molecular perspective using a novel spacer cation 3-phenyl-2-propenammonium (PPA) with conjugated backbone as a low-temperature strategy to assemble more efficient solar cells. First, we solved and refined the crystal structures of single crystals with the general formula (PPA)2(FA0.5MA0.5)n−1PbnI3n+1 (n = 2 and 3, space group C2) using X-ray diffraction and then used the mixed halide (PPA)2(Cs0.05(FA0.88MA0.12)0.95)n−1Pbn(I0.88Br0.12)3n+1 analogues to achieve more efficient devices. While forming the RP phases, multiple hydrogen bonds between PPA and inorganic octahedra reinforce the layered structure. For films we observe that as the targeted layer thickness index increases from n = 2 to n = 4, a less horizontal preferred orientation of the inorganic layers is progressively realized along with an increased presence of high-n or 3D phases, with an improved flow of free charge carriers and vertical to substrate conductivity. Accordingly, we achieve an efficiency of 14.76% for planar p–i–n solar cells using PPA-RP perovskites, which retain 93.8 ± 0.25% efficiency with encapsulation after 600 h at 85 °C and 85% humidity (ISOS-D-3).

Comparison of subject characteristics according to the myopic degree and optic disc rotation direction.

BackgroundSystolic blood pressure amplification (SBPA) and pulse pressure amplification (PPA) can independently predict cardiovascular damage and mortality. A wide range of methods are used for the non-invasive estimation of SBPA and PPA. The most accurate non-invasive method for obtaining SBPA and/or PPA remains unknown.AimThis study aims to evaluate the agreement between the SBPA and PPA values that are invasively and non-invasively obtained using different (1) measurement sites (radial, brachial, carotid), (2) measuring techniques (tonometry, oscillometry/plethysmography, ultrasound), (3) pulse waveform analysis approaches, and (4) calibration methods [systo-diastolic vs. approaches using brachial diastolic and mean blood pressure (BP)], with the latter calculated using different equations or measured by oscillometry.MethodsInvasive aortic and brachial pressure (catheterism) and non-invasive aortic and peripheral (brachial, radial) BP were simultaneously obtained from 34 subjects using different methodologies, analysis methods, measuring sites, and calibration methods. SBPA and PPA were quantified. Concordance correlation and the Bland–Altman analysis were performed.Results(1) In general, SBPA and PPA levels obtained with non-invasive approaches were not associated with those recorded invasively. (2) The different non-invasive approaches led to (extremely) dissimilar results. In general, non-invasive measurements underestimated SBPA and PPA; the higher the invasive SBPA (or PPA), the greater the underestimation. (3) None of the calibration schemes, which considered non-invasive brachial BP to estimate SBPA or PPA, were better than the others. (4) SBPA and PPA levels obtained from radial artery waveform analysis (tonometry) (5) and common carotid artery ultrasound recordings and brachial artery waveform analysis, respectively, minimized the mean errors.ConclusionsOverall, the findings showed that (i) SBPA and PPA indices are not “synonymous” and (ii) non-invasive approaches would fail to accurately determine invasive SBPA or PPA levels, regardless of the recording site, analysis, and calibration methods. Non-invasive measurements generally underestimated SBPA and PPA, and the higher the invasive SBPA or PPA, the higher the underestimation. There was not a calibration scheme better than the others. Consequently, our study emphasizes the strong need to be critical of measurement techniques, to have methodological transparency, and to have expert consensus for non-invasive assessment of SBPA and PPA.

The relationship between the micro technical indexes and the macro road performance of high modulus asphalt (HMA) is helpful for understanding its mechanism and performance, and promoting its application. To explore the relationship, two kinds of high modulus asphalt (HMA), LLDPE/SBS composite modified asphalt and rubber/PPA composite modified asphalt were prepared according to the HMA requirements. Secondly, Molecular models of two kinds of HMA were established through molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, and the high temperature parameters of LLDPE/SBS composite modified asphalt were obtained with the two methods, namely the micro molecular dynamics simulation and high temperature rheological test, respectively. Then, through correlation analysis and regression calculation, the estimation formula was established between the results of molecular dynamics simulation and high temperature rheological test. Finally, in order to evaluate and verify the rationality of the estimation formula, the two methods were carried out on the other HMA (rubber/PPA composite modified asphalt). The results show that the shear modulus obtained by molecular dynamics simulation has a good correlation with the high temperature rheological properties. The estimation formula based on molecular dynamics simulation can be used to estimate the high temperature shear modulus of high modulus asphalt, and the relative error is less than 7%, which means that the formula can be used to effectively predict the high temperature performance of high modulus asphalt.

Factors associated with deep peripapillary microvascular reduction (< 70%) in healthy myopic eyes.

Alleles are from the “Top-Bottom” strand as provided by Illumina. Effect size shown is regression coefficient, which represents per-allele change in phenotype mean (after adjustment).‡Log10 Bayes Factor; G = General model, A =  additive model. PPA =  posterior probability of association, assuming prior 10−4. PPA was calculated from additive and general model BFs with 4∶1 weighting respectively.*EU =  reported in Europeans, IA = reported in Indian Asians, None =  not reported.a =  in high LD with rs174546, b =  no information available.**Values given here are from [12].