United States PPI: Mfg: MC: CO: CS: PP: Automatic Merch & Currency Counting (AM) data was reported at 148.200 Jun1982=100 in May 2021. This stayed constant from the previous number of 148.200 Jun1982=100 for Apr 2021. United States PPI: Mfg: MC: CO: CS: PP: Automatic Merch & Currency Counting (AM) data is updated monthly, averaging 122.700 Jun1982=100 from Jun 1982 (Median) to May 2021, with 468 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 150.700 Jun1982=100 in Jun 2019 and a record low of 100.000 Jun1982=100 in Jun 1982. United States PPI: Mfg: MC: CO: CS: PP: Automatic Merch & Currency Counting (AM) data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.I: Producer Price Index: by Industry: Manufacturing: Machinery.

PPI: Serv: Foreign Exchange Transaction Service data was reported at 100.000 2010=100 in Jun 2018. This stayed constant from the previous number of 100.000 2010=100 for May 2018. PPI: Serv: Foreign Exchange Transaction Service data is updated monthly, averaging 100.000 2010=100 from Jan 1995 (Median) to Jun 2018, with 282 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 100.100 2010=100 in Oct 2004 and a record low of 71.630 2010=100 in Sep 1999. PPI: Serv: Foreign Exchange Transaction Service data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by The Bank of Korea. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Korea – Table KR.I039: Producer Price Index: Services: 2010=100.

United States - Producer Price Index by Industry: Other Commercial and Service Industry Machinery Manufacturing: Automatic Merchandising and Currency Counting Machines was 148.20000 Index Jun 1982=100 in May of 2021, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, United States - Producer Price Index by Industry: Other Commercial and Service Industry Machinery Manufacturing: Automatic Merchandising and Currency Counting Machines reached a record high of 150.70000 in April of 2019 and a record low of 100.00000 in June of 1982. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for United States - Producer Price Index by Industry: Other Commercial and Service Industry Machinery Manufacturing: Automatic Merchandising and Currency Counting Machines - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on July of 2025.

Korea PPI: Services: Fees on Foreign Exchange Transactions data was reported at 100.100 2005=100 in Nov 2012. This stayed constant from the previous number of 100.100 2005=100 for Oct 2012. Korea PPI: Services: Fees on Foreign Exchange Transactions data is updated monthly, averaging 88.300 2005=100 from Jan 1995 (Median) to Nov 2012, with 215 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 100.200 2005=100 in Oct 2004 and a record low of 71.700 2005=100 in Sep 1999. Korea PPI: Services: Fees on Foreign Exchange Transactions data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by The Bank of Korea. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Korea – Table KR.I040: Producer Price Index: Services: 2005=100.

The possible evolutionary significance of pyrophosphate (PPi) has been discussed since the early 1960s. Lipmann suggested that PPi could have been an ancient currency or a possible environmental source of metabolic energy at origins, while Kornberg proposed that PPi vectorializes metabolism because ubiquitous pyrophosphatases render PPi forming reactions kinetically irreversible. To test those ideas, we investigated the reactions that consume phosphoanhydride bonds among the 402 reactions of the universal biosynthetic core that generates amino acids, nucleotides, and cofactors from H2, CO2, and NH3. We find that 36% of the core’s phosphoanhydride hydrolyzing reactions generate PPi, while no reactions use PPi as an energy currency. The polymerization reactions that generate ~80% of cell mass – protein, RNA, and DNA synthesis – all generate PPi, while none use PPi as an energy source. In typical prokaryotic cells, aminoacyl tRNA synthetases (AARS) underlie ~80% of PPi production. We show that the irreversibility of the AARS reaction is a kinetic, not a thermodynamic effect. The data indicate that PPi is not an ancient energy currency and probably never was. Instead, PPi hydrolysis is an ancient mechanism that imparts irreversibility, as Kornberg suggested, functioning like a ratchet’s pawl to vectorialize the life process toward growth. The two anhydride bonds in nucleoside triphosphates offer ATP-cleaving enzymes an option to impart either thermodynamic control (Pi formation) or kinetic control (PPi formation) upon reactions. This dual capacity explains why nature chose the triphosphate moiety of ATP as biochemistry’s universal energy currency.

Colombia Real Exchange Rate Index: 22 Group Currency: PPI data was reported at 124.452 2010=100 in Mar 2025. This records an increase from the previous number of 123.378 2010=100 for Feb 2025. Colombia Real Exchange Rate Index: 22 Group Currency: PPI data is updated monthly, averaging 114.145 2010=100 from Dec 1986 (Median) to Mar 2025, with 460 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 156.396 2010=100 in Nov 2022 and a record low of 86.620 2010=100 in Jun 1997. Colombia Real Exchange Rate Index: 22 Group Currency: PPI data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Bank of the Republic of Colombia. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Colombia – Table CO.M012: Real Exchange Rate Index: 2010=100.

Colombia Real Exchange Rate Index: 20 Group Currency: PPI data was reported at 113.650 1994=100 in Mar 2015. This records an increase from the previous number of 110.840 1994=100 for Feb 2015. Colombia Real Exchange Rate Index: 20 Group Currency: PPI data is updated monthly, averaging 106.805 1994=100 from Dec 1986 (Median) to Mar 2015, with 340 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 141.120 1994=100 in Mar 2003 and a record low of 87.260 1994=100 in Jun 1997. Colombia Real Exchange Rate Index: 20 Group Currency: PPI data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Bank of the Republic of Colombia. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Colombia – Table CO.M014: Real Exchange Rate Index: 1994=100.

Croatia Real Effective Exchange Rate Index: PPI Deflated: 2005=100 data was reported at 102.442 2005=100 in Apr 2014. This records a decrease from the previous number of 102.690 2005=100 for Mar 2014. Croatia Real Effective Exchange Rate Index: PPI Deflated: 2005=100 data is updated monthly, averaging 101.193 2005=100 from Jan 1996 (Median) to Apr 2014, with 220 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 110.773 2005=100 in Jun 1999 and a record low of 91.090 2005=100 in Oct 2009. Croatia Real Effective Exchange Rate Index: PPI Deflated: 2005=100 data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Croatian National Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Croatia – Table HR.M015: Effective Foreign Exchange Rate Index. Rebased from 2005=100 to 2010=100 Replacement series ID: 356898527

European Union Effective Exchange Rate Index: EA 20: 18 Group Currency: Real PPI data was reported at 97.347 1Q1999=100 in Mar 2025. This records an increase from the previous number of 95.400 1Q1999=100 for Feb 2025. European Union Effective Exchange Rate Index: EA 20: 18 Group Currency: Real PPI data is updated monthly, averaging 97.338 1Q1999=100 from Jan 1995 (Median) to Mar 2025, with 363 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 111.110 1Q1999=100 in Apr 2008 and a record low of 84.015 1Q1999=100 in Oct 2000. European Union Effective Exchange Rate Index: EA 20: 18 Group Currency: Real PPI data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by European Central Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s European Union – Table EU.M016: European Central Bank: Effective Exchange Rate Index.

Colombia Real Exchange Rate Index: 22 Group Currency: PPI: Non Traditional Exports data was reported at 122.729 2010=100 in Mar 2025. This records an increase from the previous number of 121.698 2010=100 for Feb 2025. Colombia Real Exchange Rate Index: 22 Group Currency: PPI: Non Traditional Exports data is updated monthly, averaging 112.722 2010=100 from Dec 1986 (Median) to Mar 2025, with 460 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 153.812 2010=100 in Nov 2022 and a record low of 84.760 2010=100 in Jun 1997. Colombia Real Exchange Rate Index: 22 Group Currency: PPI: Non Traditional Exports data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Bank of the Republic of Colombia. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Colombia – Table CO.M012: Real Exchange Rate Index: 2010=100.

European Union EER: EA 20: 12 Group Currency: Real PPI data was reported at 99.971 1Q1999=100 in Mar 2025. This records a decrease from the previous number of 101.073 1Q1999=100 for Dec 2024. European Union EER: EA 20: 12 Group Currency: Real PPI data is updated quarterly, averaging 102.198 1Q1999=100 from Mar 1993 (Median) to Mar 2025, with 129 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 121.097 1Q1999=100 in Jun 2008 and a record low of 85.278 1Q1999=100 in Dec 2000. European Union EER: EA 20: 12 Group Currency: Real PPI data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by European Central Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s European Union – Table EU.M017: European Central Bank: Effective Exchange Rate Index: Quarterly.

Real Exchange Rate Index: 20 Group Currency: PPI: Non Traditional Exports data was reported at 113.360 1994=100 in Mar 2015. This records an increase from the previous number of 110.660 1994=100 for Feb 2015. Real Exchange Rate Index: 20 Group Currency: PPI: Non Traditional Exports data is updated monthly, averaging 106.490 1994=100 from Dec 1986 (Median) to Mar 2015, with 340 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 139.940 1994=100 in Mar 2003 and a record low of 88.580 1994=100 in Jun 1997. Real Exchange Rate Index: 20 Group Currency: PPI: Non Traditional Exports data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Bank of the Republic of Colombia. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Colombia – Table CO.M014: Real Exchange Rate Index: 1994=100.

Japan SPPI: Contract Currency Basis (CB): Trans & Postal Act data was reported at 104.100 2015=100 in May 2019. This stayed constant from the previous number of 104.100 2015=100 for Apr 2019. Japan SPPI: Contract Currency Basis (CB): Trans & Postal Act data is updated monthly, averaging 96.200 2015=100 from Jan 1985 (Median) to May 2019, with 413 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 104.600 2015=100 in Aug 2018 and a record low of 81.400 2015=100 in Feb 1985. Japan SPPI: Contract Currency Basis (CB): Trans & Postal Act data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Bank of Japan. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Japan – Table JP.I043: Service Producer Price Index (SPPI): 2015=100. Rebased from 2010=100 to 2015=100. Replacement series ID: 355501647.

SPPI: Contract Currency Basis (CB): Trans & Postal Act在2019-05达104.100 2015=100，相较于2019-04的104.100 2015=100保持不变。SPPI: Contract Currency Basis (CB): Trans & Postal Act数据按月度更新，1985-01至2019-05期间平均值为96.200 2015=100，共413份观测结果。该数据的历史最高值出现于2018-08，达104.600 2015=100，而历史最低值则出现于1985-02，为81.400 2015=100。CEIC提供的SPPI: Contract Currency Basis (CB): Trans & Postal Act数据处于定期更新的状态，数据来源于Bank of Japan，数据归类于Global Database的日本 – Table JP.I043: Service Producer Price Index (SPPI): 2015=100。