100+ datasets found
  1. Beyond Bar and Line Graphs: Time for a New Data Presentation Paradigm

    • plos.figshare.com
    docx
    Updated May 31, 2023
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    Tracey L. Weissgerber; Natasa M. Milic; Stacey J. Winham; Vesna D. Garovic (2023). Beyond Bar and Line Graphs: Time for a New Data Presentation Paradigm [Dataset]. http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1002128
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    docxAvailable download formats
    Dataset updated
    May 31, 2023
    Dataset provided by
    PLOShttp://plos.org/
    Authors
    Tracey L. Weissgerber; Natasa M. Milic; Stacey J. Winham; Vesna D. Garovic
    License

    Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
    License information was derived automatically

    Description

    Figures in scientific publications are critically important because they often show the data supporting key findings. Our systematic review of research articles published in top physiology journals (n = 703) suggests that, as scientists, we urgently need to change our practices for presenting continuous data in small sample size studies. Papers rarely included scatterplots, box plots, and histograms that allow readers to critically evaluate continuous data. Most papers presented continuous data in bar and line graphs. This is problematic, as many different data distributions can lead to the same bar or line graph. The full data may suggest different conclusions from the summary statistics. We recommend training investigators in data presentation, encouraging a more complete presentation of data, and changing journal editorial policies. Investigators can quickly make univariate scatterplots for small sample size studies using our Excel templates.

  2. Leading data compilation and analytics presentation/reporting tools in U.S....

    • statista.com
    Updated Apr 30, 2016
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    Statista (2016). Leading data compilation and analytics presentation/reporting tools in U.S. 2015 [Dataset]. https://www.statista.com/statistics/562654/united-states-data-analytics-data-compilation-and-presentation-tools/
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    Dataset updated
    Apr 30, 2016
    Dataset authored and provided by
    Statistahttp://statista.com/
    Area covered
    United States
    Description

    This statistic depicts the distribution of tools used to compile data and present analytics and/or reports to management, according to a marketing survey of C-level executives, conducted in ************* by Black Ink. As of *************, * percent of respondents used statistical modeling tools, such as IBM's SPSS or the SAS Institute's Statistical Analysis System package, to compile and present their reports.

  3. Making the Most of Statistical Analyses: Improving Interpretation and...

    • icpsr.umich.edu
    Updated Jun 27, 2002
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    King, Gary; Tomz, Michael; Wittenberg, Jason (2002). Making the Most of Statistical Analyses: Improving Interpretation and Presentation [Dataset]. http://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01255.v1
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    Dataset updated
    Jun 27, 2002
    Dataset provided by
    Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Researchhttps://www.icpsr.umich.edu/web/pages/
    Authors
    King, Gary; Tomz, Michael; Wittenberg, Jason
    License

    https://www.icpsr.umich.edu/web/ICPSR/studies/1255/termshttps://www.icpsr.umich.edu/web/ICPSR/studies/1255/terms

    Description

    Social scientists rarely take full advantage of the information available in their statistical results. As a consequence, they miss opportunities to present quantities that are of greatest substantive interest for their research, and to express their degree of certainty about these quantities. In this article, the authors offer an approach, built on the technique of statistical simulation, to extract the currently overlooked information from any statistical method, no matter how complicated, and to interpret and present it in a reader-friendly manner. Using this technique requires some sophistication, but its application should make the results of quantitative articles more informative and transparent to all. To illustrate their recommendations, the authors replicate the results of several published works, showing in each case how the authors' own conclusions could be expressed more sharply and informatively, and how this approach reveals important new information about the research questions at hand.

  4. Ten quick tips for getting the most scientific value out of numerical data

    • plos.figshare.com
    pdf
    Updated May 30, 2023
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    Lars Ole Schwen; Sabrina Rueschenbaum (2023). Ten quick tips for getting the most scientific value out of numerical data [Dataset]. http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006141
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    pdfAvailable download formats
    Dataset updated
    May 30, 2023
    Dataset provided by
    PLOShttp://plos.org/
    Authors
    Lars Ole Schwen; Sabrina Rueschenbaum
    License

    Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
    License information was derived automatically

    Description

    Most studies in the life sciences and other disciplines involve generating and analyzing numerical data of some type as the foundation for scientific findings. Working with numerical data involves multiple challenges. These include reproducible data acquisition, appropriate data storage, computationally correct data analysis, appropriate reporting and presentation of the results, and suitable data interpretation.Finding and correcting mistakes when analyzing and interpreting data can be frustrating and time-consuming. Presenting or publishing incorrect results is embarrassing but not uncommon. Particular sources of errors are inappropriate use of statistical methods and incorrect interpretation of data by software. To detect mistakes as early as possible, one should frequently check intermediate and final results for plausibility. Clearly documenting how quantities and results were obtained facilitates correcting mistakes. Properly understanding data is indispensable for reaching well-founded conclusions from experimental results. Units are needed to make sense of numbers, and uncertainty should be estimated to know how meaningful results are. Descriptive statistics and significance testing are useful tools for interpreting numerical results if applied correctly. However, blindly trusting in computed numbers can also be misleading, so it is worth thinking about how data should be summarized quantitatively to properly answer the question at hand. Finally, a suitable form of presentation is needed so that the data can properly support the interpretation and findings. By additionally sharing the relevant data, others can access, understand, and ultimately make use of the results.These quick tips are intended to provide guidelines for correctly interpreting, efficiently analyzing, and presenting numerical data in a useful way.

  5. e

    Collection, Editing and Presentation of Data

    • paper.erudition.co.in
    html
    Updated Dec 3, 2025
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    Einetic (2025). Collection, Editing and Presentation of Data [Dataset]. https://paper.erudition.co.in/makaut/bachelor-of-business-administration/1/fundamentals-of-statistics
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    htmlAvailable download formats
    Dataset updated
    Dec 3, 2025
    Dataset authored and provided by
    Einetic
    License

    https://paper.erudition.co.in/termshttps://paper.erudition.co.in/terms

    Description

    Question Paper Solutions of chapter Collection, Editing and Presentation of Data of Fundamentals of Statistics, 1st Semester , Bachelor of Business Administration

  6. d

    Presentation on Data Developments and Emerging Projects in the Economics...

    • search.dataone.org
    Updated Dec 28, 2023
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    Statistics Canada (2023). Presentation on Data Developments and Emerging Projects in the Economics Statistics Field [Dataset]. http://doi.org/10.5683/SP3/QBONAK
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    Dataset updated
    Dec 28, 2023
    Dataset provided by
    Borealis
    Authors
    Statistics Canada
    Description

    Presentation on data developments and emerging projects regarding macroeconomic accounts, environment, business surveys, prices, cost-recovery projects, and statistical frameworks.

  7. Le. (2016). CAIR Best Presentaion, New Orleans (NOTES).pdf

    • figshare.com
    pdf
    Updated Jul 6, 2016
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    Michael Le (2016). Le. (2016). CAIR Best Presentaion, New Orleans (NOTES).pdf [Dataset]. http://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.3472589.v2
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    pdfAvailable download formats
    Dataset updated
    Jul 6, 2016
    Dataset provided by
    figshare
    Figsharehttp://figshare.com/
    Authors
    Michael Le
    License

    Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
    License information was derived automatically

    Area covered
    New Orleans
    Description

    Visual analytics: Exposing the past, understanding the present, and looking to the future Dan Ariely, founder of The Center for Advanced Hindsight once posted on Facebook, “Big data is like teenage sex: everyone talks about it, nobody really knows how to do it, everyone thinks everyone else is doing it, so everyone claims they are doing it...” This is especially true in Higher Education as much of the work being done to organize, connect, and analyze big data is happening in the for profit sector. This multimedia presentation (video, photos, and text) has three goals. (1) Discuss how the field visual analytics is tackling the problem of analyzing big data. (2) Explore when visual analytics is superior and inferior to typical statistics. (3) Tactics and tools for Institutional Researchers to use in their everyday work to change data into actionable intelligence.

  8. Data from: The Ostensive Role in the Representation of Qualitative...

    • scielo.figshare.com
    jpeg
    Updated May 31, 2023
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    Irene Mauricio Cazorla; Afonso Henriques; Cláudio Vitor Santana (2023). The Ostensive Role in the Representation of Qualitative Statistics Variables [Dataset]. http://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.14304796.v1
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    jpegAvailable download formats
    Dataset updated
    May 31, 2023
    Dataset provided by
    SciELOhttp://www.scielo.org/
    Authors
    Irene Mauricio Cazorla; Afonso Henriques; Cláudio Vitor Santana
    License

    Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
    License information was derived automatically

    Description

    Abstract The essence of statistics is the possibility of extracting relevant information from data collected on aspects of reality. For this, the data are transformed into tables, graphs, and abstract measures. The student's understanding of these transformations is crucial for learning. In this article, we make theoretical reflections on the actions of students and the role of concrete material manipulated as ostensible in the management and display of qualitative statistics that undergo transformations in different semiotic records. For that, it uses the Theory of Semiotic Representation Records and the Anthropological Theory of Didactics, the latter limited to its perspective of ostensive and non-ostensive objects. The weightings indicate that the use of ostensive is motivating in the context of teaching and learning. Thus, it is expected that the reflections made here will contribute to a better understanding and teaching of statistical concepts, as well as to conducting new research.

  9. d

    Data from: Units of Analysis: The Basics

    • search.dataone.org
    Updated Dec 28, 2023
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    Chuck Humphrey (2023). Units of Analysis: The Basics [Dataset]. http://doi.org/10.5683/SP3/DLBDT5
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    Dataset updated
    Dec 28, 2023
    Dataset provided by
    Borealis
    Authors
    Chuck Humphrey
    Description

    One of the first steps in a reference interview is determining what is it the user really wants or needs. In many cases, the question comes down to the unit of analysis: what is it that is being investigated or researched? This presentation will take us through the concept of the unit of analysis so that we can improve our reference service — and make our lives easier as a result! Note: This presentation precedes Working with Complex Surveys: Canadian Travel Survey by Chuck Humphrey (14-Mar-2002).

  10. H

    Supplementary Materials for A Linked Data Representation for Summary...

    • dataverse.harvard.edu
    • dataone.org
    Updated Aug 28, 2019
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    James McCusker (2019). Supplementary Materials for A Linked Data Representation for Summary Statistics and Grouping Criteria [Dataset]. http://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/OK0BUG
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    CroissantCroissant is a format for machine-learning datasets. Learn more about this at mlcommons.org/croissant.
    Dataset updated
    Aug 28, 2019
    Dataset provided by
    Harvard Dataverse
    Authors
    James McCusker
    License

    CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedicationhttps://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
    License information was derived automatically

    Description

    Summary statistics are fundamental to data science, and are the buidling blocks of statistical reasoning. Most of the data and statistics made available on government web sites are aggregate, however, until now, we have not had a suitable linked data representation available. We propose a way to express summary statistics across aggregate groups as linked data using Web Ontology Language (OWL) Class based sets, where members of the set contribute to the overall aggregate value. Additionally, many clinical studies in the biomedical field rely on demographic summaries of their study cohorts and the patients assigned to each arm. While most data query languages, including SPARQL, allow for computation of summary statistics, they do not provide a way to integrate those values back into the RDF graphs they were computed from. We represent this knowledge, that would otherwise be lost, through the use of OWL 2 punning semantics, the expression of aggregate grouping criteria as OWL classes with variables, and constructs from the Semanticscience Integrated Ontology (SIO), and the World Wide Web Consortium's provenance ontology, PROV-O, providing interoperable representations that are well supported across the web of Linked Data. We evaluate these semantics using a Resource Description Framework (RDF) representation of patient case information from the Genomic Data Commons, a data portal from the National Cancer Institute.

  11. d

    Emergency Presentations of Cancer: Quarterly Data

    • digital.nhs.uk
    Updated May 25, 2023
    + more versions
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    (2023). Emergency Presentations of Cancer: Quarterly Data [Dataset]. https://digital.nhs.uk/data-and-information/publications/statistical/emergency-presentations-of-cancer-quarterly-data
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    Dataset updated
    May 25, 2023
    License

    https://digital.nhs.uk/about-nhs-digital/terms-and-conditionshttps://digital.nhs.uk/about-nhs-digital/terms-and-conditions

    Description

    This metric estimates the proportion of all malignant cancers where patients first presented to the health system as an emergency. This latest publication has been updated to include quarterly data for January to March, April to June and July to September 2022 (quarter 4 of financial year 2021 to 2022 and quarters 1 and 2 of financial year 2022 to 2023) and an update of the one-year rolling proportion.

  12. Data from: Presentation of the Gender Pay Gap

    • data.europa.eu
    • data.wu.ac.at
    html
    Updated Apr 30, 2021
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    Office for National Statistics (2021). Presentation of the Gender Pay Gap [Dataset]. https://data.europa.eu/data/datasets/presentation_of_the_gender_pay_gap?locale=et
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    htmlAvailable download formats
    Dataset updated
    Apr 30, 2021
    Dataset authored and provided by
    Office for National Statisticshttp://www.ons.gov.uk/
    License

    Open Government Licence 3.0http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
    License information was derived automatically

    Description

    A paper outlining how the gender pay gap will be presented in future ONS Statistical Bulletins

    Source agency: Office for National Statistics

    Designation: National Statistics

    Language: English

    Alternative title: Presentation of the Gender Pay Gap: ONS Position Paper

  13. Proposed changes to recorded crime classifications and presentation of...

    • gov.uk
    Updated Mar 29, 2012
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    Home Office (2012). Proposed changes to recorded crime classifications and presentation of recorded crime statistics [Dataset]. https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/proposed-changes-to-recorded-crime-classifications-and-presentation-of-recorded-crime-statistics
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    Dataset updated
    Mar 29, 2012
    Dataset provided by
    GOV.UKhttp://gov.uk/
    Authors
    Home Office
    Description

    When the Home Secretary commissioned the National Statistician to undertake an independent review of crime statistics for England and Wales in December 2010, the terms of reference asked her to consider “whether or not the categories of notifiable offences for police recorded crime reported in the national statistics can be sensibly rationalised without reducing public trust or damaging transparency”.

    The National Statistician found that there may be some scope to reduce the number of crime categories used for the reporting and collection of police recorded crime, and to consider how some offences currently excluded from notifiable crime might be reflected in published crime statistics. The National Statistician also stated that any change must be managed and introduced in a controlled and transparent way. She recommended that the issue should be considered by the new independent Advisory Committee on crime statistics that her report also recommended be established.

    To inform the Committee’s consideration of these proposals, the Home Office issued a National Statistics consultation on 20 October 2011 on proposed changes to the collection.

    Below is the Home Office response to the above consultation which summarises the response from users to the consultation and the subsequent advice the Crime Statistics Advisory Committee gave to the Home Secretary on the issue. The Committee’s advice to the Home Secretary and her response are available at the web page of the http://www.statisticsauthority.gov.uk/national-statistician/ns-reports--reviews-and-guidance/national-statistician-s-advisory-committees/crime-statistics-advisory-committee.html">Crime Statistics Advisory Committee.

    The outlined changes to the classifications used for the collection of police recorded crime will come into effect on 1 April 2012.

    The changes to the collection outlined above will have no effect on the total number of recorded crimes but will have some limited impact on sub-categories due the aggregation of some existing categories. The changes will not feed through into the published statistics until the release related to the period ending June 2012, due for release in October 2012. A methodological note explaining the changes being made, the reasons for the change and an assessment of the likely impact will be published on 19 April along with the next quarterly release of crime statistics.

    Responsibility for the compilation and publication of crime statistics for England and Wales will transfer to the Office for National Statistics (ONS) from 1 April 2012. The ONS will be considering improvements to the presentation of published statistics in line with the recommendations made in the National Statistician’s review. This will include the presentation of the recorded crime classifications in National Statistics outputs which will be affected by changes to collection outlined above.

    Date: Thu Mar 29 09:30:00 BST 2012

  14. Emergency presentations of cancer: quarterly data

    • gov.uk
    Updated Jan 24, 2020
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    Public Health England (2020). Emergency presentations of cancer: quarterly data [Dataset]. https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/emergency-presentations-of-cancer-quarterly-data
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    Dataset updated
    Jan 24, 2020
    Dataset provided by
    GOV.UKhttp://gov.uk/
    Authors
    Public Health England
    Description

    The quarterly emergency presentations of cancer data has been updated by PHE’s National Cancer Registration and Analysis Service (NCRAS).

    Data estimates are for all malignant cancers (excluding non-melanoma skin cancer) and are at CCG level, with England as a whole for comparison.

    This latest publication includes quarterly data for April 2019 to June 2019 (quarter 1 of financial year 2019 to 2020) and an update of the one year rolling average.

    The proportion of emergency presentations for cancer is an indicator of patient outcomes.

  15. GLA Population Statistics User Group presentations - Dataset - data.gov.uk

    • ckan.publishing.service.gov.uk
    Updated Jul 26, 2024
    + more versions
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    ckan.publishing.service.gov.uk (2024). GLA Population Statistics User Group presentations - Dataset - data.gov.uk [Dataset]. https://ckan.publishing.service.gov.uk/dataset/gla-population-statistics-user-group-presentations
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    Dataset updated
    Jul 26, 2024
    Dataset provided by
    CKANhttps://ckan.org/
    Description

    This is a collection of presentations given at the Population Statistics User Group hosted by the GLA City Intelligence and attended by representatives of London local authorities. Additional presentations will be added to this page over time. An archive of presentations delivered at conferences is available here.

  16. I

    Global AI Presentation Tools Market Industry Best Practices 2025-2032

    • statsndata.org
    excel, pdf
    Updated Nov 2025
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    Stats N Data (2025). Global AI Presentation Tools Market Industry Best Practices 2025-2032 [Dataset]. https://www.statsndata.org/report/ai-presentation-tools-market-342574
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    excel, pdfAvailable download formats
    Dataset updated
    Nov 2025
    Dataset authored and provided by
    Stats N Data
    License

    https://www.statsndata.org/how-to-orderhttps://www.statsndata.org/how-to-order

    Area covered
    Global
    Description

    The AI Presentation Tools market is rapidly evolving, reflecting a significant transformation in how businesses and individuals create, deliver, and engage with presentations. As organizations strive for efficiency and creativity in their communication, AI-powered presentation tools have emerged as a vital solution.

  17. m

    Python Script for Simulating, Analyzing, and Evaluating Statistical...

    • data.mendeley.com
    Updated Jun 5, 2025
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    Kabir Bindawa Abdullahi (2025). Python Script for Simulating, Analyzing, and Evaluating Statistical Mirroring-Based Ordinalysis and Other Estimators [Dataset]. http://doi.org/10.17632/zdhy83cv4p.3
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    Dataset updated
    Jun 5, 2025
    Authors
    Kabir Bindawa Abdullahi
    License

    Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
    License information was derived automatically

    Description

    This presentation involves simulation and data generation processes, data analysis, and evaluation of classical and proposed methods of ordinal data analysis. All the parameters and metrics used are based on the methodology presented in the article titled "Statistical Mirroring-Based Ordinalysis: A Sensitive, Robust, Efficient, and Ordinality-Preserving Descriptive Method for Analyzing Ordinal Assessment Data," authored by Kabir Bindawa Abdullahi in 2024. For further details, you can follow the paper's publication submitted to MethodsX Elsevier Publishing.

    The validation process of ordinal data analysis methods (estimators) has the following specifications: 
    

    • Simulation process: Monte Carlo simulation. • Data generation distributions: categorical, normal, and multivariate model distributions. • Data analysis: - Classical estimators: sum, average, and median ordinal score. - Proposed estimators: Kabirian coefficient of proximity, probability of proximity, probability of deviation.
    • Evaluation metrics: - Overall estimates average. - Overall estimates median. - Efficiency (by statistical absolute meanic deviation method). - Sensitivity (by entropy method). - Normality, Mann-Whitney-U test, and others.

  18. I

    Global Video Presentation Software Market Research and Development Focus...

    • statsndata.org
    excel, pdf
    Updated Oct 2025
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    Stats N Data (2025). Global Video Presentation Software Market Research and Development Focus 2025-2032 [Dataset]. https://www.statsndata.org/report/video-presentation-software-market-228653
    Explore at:
    excel, pdfAvailable download formats
    Dataset updated
    Oct 2025
    Dataset authored and provided by
    Stats N Data
    License

    https://www.statsndata.org/how-to-orderhttps://www.statsndata.org/how-to-order

    Area covered
    Global
    Description

    The Video Presentation Software market has witnessed remarkable growth in recent years, fueled by the increasing demand for dynamic, engaging content across various industries. As organizations shift from traditional presentation methods to more innovative and visually appealing formats, video presentation software

  19. Proposed changes to recorded crime classifications and presentation of...

    • ckan.publishing.service.gov.uk
    Updated Mar 29, 2012
    + more versions
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    ckan.publishing.service.gov.uk (2012). Proposed changes to recorded crime classifications and presentation of recorded crime statistics - Dataset - data.gov.uk [Dataset]. https://ckan.publishing.service.gov.uk/dataset/recorded-crime-statistics-classification-consultation
    Explore at:
    Dataset updated
    Mar 29, 2012
    Dataset provided by
    CKANhttps://ckan.org/
    License

    Open Government Licence 3.0http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
    License information was derived automatically

    Description

    Home Office response to the consultation on the proposed changes to collection of recorded crime statistics. This summarises the response from users to the consultation and the subsequent advice the Crime Statistics Advisory Committee gave to the Home Secretary on the issue. The outlined changes to the classifications used for the collection of police recorded crime will come into effect on 1 April 2012.

  20. U

    United States Imports: 2-Digit: JP: Coin, Incl Gold Coin, Proof &...

    • ceicdata.com
    Updated Mar 15, 2023
    + more versions
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    CEICdata.com (2023). United States Imports: 2-Digit: JP: Coin, Incl Gold Coin, Proof & Presentation [Dataset]. https://www.ceicdata.com/en/united-states/trade-statistics-japan-imports-customs-sitc/imports-2digit-jp-coin-incl-gold-coin-proof--presentation
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    Dataset updated
    Mar 15, 2023
    Dataset provided by
    CEICdata.com
    License

    Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
    License information was derived automatically

    Time period covered
    Apr 1, 2017 - Mar 1, 2018
    Area covered
    United States
    Variables measured
    Merchandise Trade
    Description

    United States Imports: 2-Digit: JP: Coin, Incl Gold Coin, Proof & Presentation data was reported at 0.000 USD mn in May 2018. This stayed constant from the previous number of 0.000 USD mn for Apr 2018. United States Imports: 2-Digit: JP: Coin, Incl Gold Coin, Proof & Presentation data is updated monthly, averaging 0.000 USD mn from Jan 1996 (Median) to May 2018, with 269 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1.008 USD mn in Jun 1998 and a record low of 0.000 USD mn in May 2018. United States Imports: 2-Digit: JP: Coin, Incl Gold Coin, Proof & Presentation data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by US Census Bureau. The data is categorized under Global Database’s USA – Table US.JA094: Trade Statistics: Japan: Imports: Customs: SITC.

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Tracey L. Weissgerber; Natasa M. Milic; Stacey J. Winham; Vesna D. Garovic (2023). Beyond Bar and Line Graphs: Time for a New Data Presentation Paradigm [Dataset]. http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1002128
Organization logo

Beyond Bar and Line Graphs: Time for a New Data Presentation Paradigm

Explore at:
312 scholarly articles cite this dataset (View in Google Scholar)
docxAvailable download formats
Dataset updated
May 31, 2023
Dataset provided by
PLOShttp://plos.org/
Authors
Tracey L. Weissgerber; Natasa M. Milic; Stacey J. Winham; Vesna D. Garovic
License

Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
License information was derived automatically

Description

Figures in scientific publications are critically important because they often show the data supporting key findings. Our systematic review of research articles published in top physiology journals (n = 703) suggests that, as scientists, we urgently need to change our practices for presenting continuous data in small sample size studies. Papers rarely included scatterplots, box plots, and histograms that allow readers to critically evaluate continuous data. Most papers presented continuous data in bar and line graphs. This is problematic, as many different data distributions can lead to the same bar or line graph. The full data may suggest different conclusions from the summary statistics. We recommend training investigators in data presentation, encouraging a more complete presentation of data, and changing journal editorial policies. Investigators can quickly make univariate scatterplots for small sample size studies using our Excel templates.

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